The largest kind of book, The Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, contains the representative works of seven kinds of books from Tang Dynasty to Ming Dynasty 17, and the most extensive book, The House of Pei Wenyun. Fill in the blanks: 1 The earliest bibliography in the world should be the catalogue of famous scholars and their works compiled by the ancient Greek bibliographer and poet Karimarks. China is one of the countries with the earliest bibliographies in the world. 2. Ban Gu compiled Han Shu. The Records of Literature and Art is the earliest catalogue of group books recorded in the existing literature in China. 3. The most outstanding representative of official bibliography is the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu in Qing Dynasty. 4. Three important private bibliographies produced in the Song Dynasty are Chao's Reading Records of the Group Zhai, You Mao's Bibliography of the Year Out of the Hall and Chen's Jie Zhi Zhai Ti. 5. China's first book, Huang Lan. Created the compiling style of China's books, and was praised as "the power of books through the ages". 6. Four kinds of books in the early Song Dynasty-Taiping Magnolia, Yuangui, Pingguang Collection and Wenyuan Huaying. 7. The largest book in the history of China-Yongle Dadian. 8. The largest existing book category in China is the integration of ancient and modern books.

Concept: 1 Reference book: a book that systematically collects relevant knowledge and materials according to certain consulting needs and arranges them in an easy-to-retrieve way so as to provide knowledge and information quickly. 2. Abstract: It is the main content of relevant newspaper articles or books. 3. Dictionary: mainly explains the form, sound, meaning and usage of words. 4. Dictionary: mainly explains the concept, meaning and usage of words. 5. Classic: it is a collection of historical allusions, famous things, poems, kind words and parallel prose. Function: 1) Find the source of words and allusions and poems. 2) Check historical facts and anecdotes. 3) Compile and sort out ancient books. 6. Political book: it is a special record of laws and regulations of past dynasties or a certain dynasty. 7. Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia collects knowledge of various disciplines or a certain discipline and provides basic facts, concepts and theories of human knowledge. 8. Yearbook: It is a continuous publication that systematically collects the progress of related things or disciplines, important documents and statistical data within one year. 9. Manual: It is a collection of basic knowledge and materials that need to be consulted frequently in a certain field. 10. Directory: it is a collection of basic information and data of proper names such as organization names, names and place names. 1 1. Statistics: It is a systematic collection of statistical data and information about the economic and social life of sports associations. Mathematical data sets and tables; It is a systematic collection of data, formulas and other information about science and production. 12. Chronology: a collection of historical years and events. 13. Calendar: It is a collection of data from different calendars. 14. Bibliography: also known as catalogue, is a tool to reveal and report literature information by recording a number of related documents and arranging them in a certain order. 15. Index: a retrieval tool that records titles, words, themes, names, places and events in books and periodicals, arranges them in a certain way, and indicates the source. 16. Series: also known as serialization, serialization, serialization and engraving, it is a collection of related works with a general title. Important series include The Complete Book of Siku, Four Series, Four Notes, Series Integration, Notes on Thirteen Classics, Twenty-four History and Integration of Various Scholars. 17. Collection: The collection of many people's works into a book is called collection. The important collections are Chu Ci, Poems of the Pre-Qin, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tang Poetry, Song Poetry, Selected Three Ancient Poems, Selected Works of Zhaoming, Wenyuan Huaying Poetry, Tang Poetry, Song Poetry, Full Text and Qing Wen Hui. 18. Compilation: usually called data compilation, it is a kind of work to compile various documents around a certain subject and a certain theme. Important compilations include People's Republic of China (PRC) Law Collection, Classic Literature Collection, China Modern Literature History Collection, China Scientific and Technological Achievements Collection and Practical Scientific and Technological Information Collection.

Short answer; 1. Functions and uses of reference books: indicate reading methods, explain difficult problems, guide information clues, provide reference materials, assist in compiling and sorting out, and spread ideas and culture. 2. Sorting method of reference books: one-word sorting method (radical method, stroke method, stroke order method, four-corner numbering method, Chinese pinyin arrangement method). Two-level test method. (discipline system arrangement method, thing nature arrangement method) three-time and ground arrangement method (time sequence method, ground sequence method) 3. Advantages and disadvantages of radical method: Advantages: A large number of Chinese characters with complex and irregular structures are classified into one or two hundred radicals respectively, which basically conforms to the structural characteristics of Chinese characters and people's search habits. When unknown words cannot be searched in word order, radical method can be used to find them. Disadvantages: the main reason is that the radical position is not fixed, or it is right, up or down, and some are still in the middle, so it is difficult to judge. Take the word "year" as an example. Some dictionaries put it in the "/"section, some in the "factory" section and some in the "drying" section.

4. The Seven Views compiled by Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty divided books into six categories: Six Arts, Philosophers, Poetry and Fu, Art of War, Mathematical Arts and Folk Arts. 5. Functions of bibliography: retrieval function, reporting function and reading guidance function. 6. What are the important bibliographies in ancient and modern times? Hanshu. Art and Literature, Sui Shu. Chronology of classics, catalogue of Si Ku Quan Shu, Bibliography Q&A, selling stories, reading records in groups, solving problems in learning records, bibliography of rare Chinese ancient books, summary of rare China books, bibliography of China series, bibliography of modern China series, bibliography of China, bibliography of China, etc. 7. What are the indexes? According to the index, the indexing object can be divided into article index, and the content index can be divided into word index, subject index, keyword index, person name index, place name index, molecular formula index, citation index and so on. 8. The function of index: it is a tool to reveal and retrieve documents. It takes a specific item and content in a document as the retrieval unit, which mainly guides the reader to his own position, plays the role of guiding, pointing and indicating the address, and can improve the depth and efficiency of document retrieval, so it has attracted people's attention. 9. What are the important indicators? Thirteen Classics Index, Name Index of Descendants of Twenty-four Histories, Twenty-five Histories Index, Biography Index of Tang and Five Dynasties, Comprehensive Introduction of Twenty Artistic Records, National Newspapers Index, Subject Index of Complete Works of Marx and Engels, China Historical Papers Index, China Ancient History Papers Index, China Modern History Papers Index, China Modern History Papers and Works Catalogue Index, China Classical Literature Research Papers Index, China Modern and Contemporary Literature Research Papers Index, Ancient and Modern Characters Alias Index, House Name Index, and China Modern Writers' Pen Names Index. As far as dictionaries are concerned, what categories can they be divided into? Dictionaries in ancient China can be roughly divided into three categories. First, meaning-based words and dictionaries. The second is the character book based on the physical structure. The third is a rhyme book based on rhyme. Dictionaries can be divided into three categories: the first category is Chinese dictionaries (thesaurus). The second category is encyclopedia dictionary. The third category is specialized or specialized dictionaries and vocabularies. 1 1. What are the important Chinese characters and dictionaries? Ancient Chinese word books and dictionaries mainly based on ancient Chinese words (characters). For example, "Before the Biography of Gyeonggi" and "Ci Yuan" (revised edition); Modern Chinese dictionaries and vocabularies mainly based on modern Chinese words (characters), such as Modern Chinese Dictionary and Dialect Survey Vocabulary, and mixed dictionaries including ancient and modern words (characters), such as Chinese Dictionary. 12. What are the important dictionaries for looking up names and places? China Modern Place Names Dictionary, China Ancient and Modern Place Names Dictionary, China Place Names Dictionary, etc. 13. Classification of yearbooks. What are all kinds of important yearbooks? There are comprehensive yearbooks (such as China Encyclopedia Yearbook, China Yearbook, World Knowledge Yearbook and Declaration Yearbook) and special yearbooks (such as China Philosophy Yearbook, China Historical Yearbook, China Economic Yearbook, China Foreign Economic and Trade Yearbook, China Education Yearbook, Tang Dynasty Literature Research Yearbook, Natural Science Yearbook, etc. According to the geographical scope, there are international yearbooks (world philosophy yearbooks), national yearbooks and local yearbooks (such as Guangdong Yearbook, Shanghai Culture Yearbook, Beijing Literature Yearbook and Guangzhou Economic Yearbook). ). According to the compilation characteristics, there are encyclopedic yearbooks and statistical yearbooks (such as China Statistical Yearbook, China Urban Statistical Yearbook, China Population Yearbook and Shanghai Statistical Yearbook). 14. What are the important chronologies and calendars? The chronology includes Wan's Chronology of China, Rong Mengyuan's Chronology of China, Fang Shiming's Chronology of China, Tang Youen's Chronology of Chinese and Foreign History, Jane Bozan's Chronology of China's Historical Events and Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China's Chronology of China People and State Events. In the calendar section, Chen Yuan's Historical Calendar of China and the West, Xue Zhongsan's Comparative Calendar of China and the West in 2000, and Fang Shiming's Comparative Calendar of China and China and the West, etc. 15. What directory should I use to look up ancient books? To find ancient books, you can use historical records such as Historical Records, Artistic Records, Records of Sui Shu's Classics, and New Tang Books. Book of Changes > History of Song Dynasty. Yi Wen Zhi > Ming History. Yi wenzhi > draft of Qing history. Easy to wait. You can also use official and non-governmental catalogues, such as Chongwen Catalogue, Siku Book Catalogue Summary, Qunzhai Reading Record, Zhizhai Book Solution Record, etc. You can also use the catalogue of series, such as the general catalogue of China series and the extensive catalogue of China series. 16. What catalogue should modern books use? To retrieve modern books, you can use the General Catalogue of the Republic of China, the Catalogue of Modern Series in China, the National Catalogue and the National Catalogue of China. 17. What index do I need to search for papers and materials in language and literature? Consult the materials of linguistic papers, and use China Linguistic Papers Index and Chinese Teaching Papers Index. Consult literature papers, which are used in the national newspaper literature papers index, China classical literature research papers index, China modern and contemporary literature papers index, and China modern literature research materials index. 18. Which dictionaries should I use to find uncommon words? Dictionaries with more words are used, such as Kangxi Dictionary (47,035 words), Zhonghua Dictionary (48,000 words), Chinese Dictionary (54,678 words) and Chinese Ci Hai (85,568 words). 19. What dictionaries are there to look up Chinese words? Use modern Chinese dictionary, Chinese dictionary, etymology, word definition, ancient book function word set, Chinese idiom dictionary, etc. 20. What dictionary and index should I use to find the source of poems and sentences? Use Dictionary of Famous Sentences, Dictionary of Famous Sentences in Past Dynasties, Dictionary of Appreciation of Famous Sentences in Past Dynasties, Index of Thirteen Classics, Index of All Tang Poems, Index of Tang and Song Poems, Pei Wen Yun Fu, Parallel Prose Collection, etc. 2 1. What dictionaries and books should I use to look up the classics? Use ancient book allusions dictionary, China historical allusions dictionary, Chinese and foreign allusions dictionary, Tang poetry allusions dictionary, Song poetry allusions dictionary, etc. You can also use books, such as "A Collection of Literary Gifts", "Taiping Magnolia", "Integration of Ancient Books" and "Pei Yunwen Fu". General dictionaries and idiom dictionaries can also look up allusions. 22. What reference books are used to look up the names of ancient people? Used for, < room name index > < ancient and modern people alias index >; Posthumous title's Knight Index > Ancient Celebrity Character Library > Dictionary of Celebrity Housenames in Past Dynasties > List of Modern Writers in China > 23 What reference books should I use to check the biographical data of the ancients? You can use name dictionaries, such as < China Dictionary of Names in Past Dynasties > < China Dictionary of Writers > < China Dictionary of Painters < China Dictionary of Music, Dance and Drama Names > and so on. Biographical indexes, such as < name index of twenty-five historians < biographical data index of Tang and Five Dynasties < biographical data index of Song Dynasty < meta-biographical data index >; Index of Biographical Data of Ming Dynasty & Comprehensive Attraction of Forty-seven Biographies of Song Dynasty >: Comprehensive Introduction of Thirty Biographies of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties & Comprehensive Attraction of Eighty-nine Biographies of Ming Dynasty >: Thirty-three Biographies of Qing Drew >: and so on; Available chronologies, such as < Review of Modern Writers in China >: < Biography of Modern Drama Film Artists in China >: and so on; You can use name dictionaries, such as < China Dictionary of Social Scientists >: < China Dictionary of Modern Names > & lt20 Dictionary of China Celebrities in the 20th Century >: < China Dictionary of Producers' Names > < China Dictionary of Revolutionary Historical Figures >: < China Dictionary of Contemporary Cultural Celebrities > < China Dictionary of Modern Writers > < China Dictionary of Contemporary Painters > Dictionary of Chinese Contemporary Calligraphers > Dictionary of Chinese Film Actors > and so on. Personal name index and biographical data index can be used, such as < pen name index of modern writers in China >: < biographical data index of middle and modern people <1911year >: 25. What kind of reference books should I use to look up ancient laws and regulations? Use dictionaries, such as; & lt Dictionary of Twenty-six History (chapter and volume), etc. ; Use official lists, such as the official list of the Qing Dynasty, and the interpretation of "The Ruling of Past Dynasties \ Military System \ Scientific System". Use legal compilations, such as < Textual Research on Criminal Laws of Past Dynasties >: < Don > <; Notes on the Laws of the Qing Dynasty, etc. Use political books, such as< beginner >< Taiping Magnolia >< Yuan Gui > & ltYuhai >< Yongle Grand Ceremony >< Integration of Ancient and Modern Books > and so on. 26. What reference books are used to check modern laws and regulations? Use:< Collection of Laws and Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) >:< Collection of Laws and Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) >< Collection of Current Laws and Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) >:< Collection of Treaties of People's Republic of China (PRC) >< Collection of Friendship Treaties of People's Republic of China (PRC) >:< Collection of Multilateral Treaties of People's Republic of China (PRC) >: etc. 28. place name dictionary search: use place name dictionaries, such as < China historical place name dictionary > < China historical place name dictionary > < People's Republic of China (PRC) place name dictionary > < China urban dictionary > < China famous mountains and rivers dictionary < world place name dictionary > < world historical place name dictionary >; Use < Historical Geographical Evolution Table > and various local chronicles.

Discussion: 1. Taking the integration of ancient and modern books as an example, what is the classification of books? The collection of ancient and modern books compiled in the Qing Dynasty is classified according to the arrangement method of the nature of things in the Classification Inspection Law. It is divided into 6 parts (i.e. calendar, local parts, Ming Lun, natural history, Neo-Confucianism and economics), 32 parts (e.g. selected parts, Shi Heng, food code, etiquette code, music code, military code, auspicious punishment code and examination code), and then divided into 109. The same department, basically the same materials. 2. What are the differences between the revised Etymology and Cihai in the scope and usage of words? It mainly includes ancient Chinese vocabulary and knowledge items about ancient cultural relics, laws and regulations, and the vocabulary is generally collected until the end of the Opium War. Received 12890. The received words are arranged by the radicals of 2 14. First of all, phonetic symbols are used under each word, and Guang Yun's anti-tangent, tone, rhyme and consonant are added. For the words that are not accepted in Guang Yun, use the reverse cut of Jiyun or other rhyming books and word books. The compound words are arranged according to the number of strokes, and 84 134 words are received. Words and expressions should be explained in simple classical Chinese, and the earliest documentary evidence should be quoted as far as possible. Indicate the title, content or volume number of the cited examples, which is convenient for readers to reply. There is a radical list and a hard-to-find word list in front of the book, and a four-corner number index at the end of the book. Cihai has more than ten thousand words, including monosyllabic words and disyllabic words. The whole book is arranged by radicals, similar to etymology. The phonetic notation under the first word is reversed, rhyming straight, and the compound word is not phonetic. Explaining the meaning of words before quoting examples from ancient books is better than etymology. For example, Etymology is not annotated with the title of the article, which is often criticized by critics, so this book is annotated with the title. For example, adding new punctuation marks and many new words is good for readers. 3. What important books were produced in the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties? The Tang Dynasty is an era of literature and art (edited by Ou Yangxun, etc.). ), Introduction to Literary Thought (edited by Gao Shilian and Feng Ming), Three Religions and Zhu Ying (edited by Zhang Zongchang), etc. ), and the beginning of learning (edited by Xu Jian, etc. ). Books in the Song Dynasty developed unprecedentedly. Not only did Four Great Classical Novels in the early Song Dynasty appear-Taiping Magnolia, Ci Fu Yuan Gui and Taiping Guang Ji. For example, The Collection of Events and Documents, Pan's Deep Sea Compilation, Liu Yingli's Encyclopedia, and The Last Six Sticks are all books with special purposes, such as Yuhai, Selected Works of Two Characters (Su Yijian), and some for rural schools to recite Xi Zhi. Guang Ji at the Age of Years is a book specially collecting historical allusions, and it is a useful bibliography specially referring to The Origin of Things (Gao Cheng) and The Pearl of Primary School (Wang Yinglin). Gender development of books in ming dynasty. The largest book in Chinese history, Yongle Dadian, appeared, imitating Lei Jun (Zheng Ruoyong), economic compilation (Feng Qi,) and group book compilation (Zhang) in Tang and Song Dynasties, and specifically recording atlas data. In Qing Dynasty, there were extant and sister essays in China, such as parallel prose. 4. How many words are there in Encyclopedia of China? What booklets are divided by subjects? This book is the first large-scale encyclopedia in China. The book has about 70,000 entries, 65.438+200 million words ***74 volumes, and it was published at 654.38+0.993. The book covers 66 disciplines and has three volumes: astronomy, foreign literature I and II, sports, opera, art, textiles, environmental literature, law, education, mining management, mechanics, transportation, archaeology, atmospheric science, marine science and hydrology, nationalities, electronics and computers I and II, and philosophy. Solid Geophysical Surveying and Mapping II Space Science, Language and Literature, Mechanical Engineering I and II, Chemical Industry, Music and Dance, Military, Drama, China History I, II and III, Foreign History, Agriculture, Geography, Press and Publication, Automatic Control and System Engineering, Movies and Fine Arts.

Four-corner number search method: corner method. take for example