Preliminary design Preliminary design is a preliminary design document prepared according to the approved feasibility study report or design task book. The preliminary design document consists of four parts: design description (including overall design description and design description of various disciplines), design drawings, list of main equipment and materials and project budget. The reverse order of the preliminary design document is: 1. Cover; 2. Title page; 3. Directory of preliminary design documents; 4. Design specifications; 5. Drawings; 6. List of major equipment and materials; 7. Project budget estimation. In the preliminary design stage, each major should conduct a comprehensive technical and economic analysis on the design scheme of the original professional content or the solutions to major technical problems, demonstrate the technical applicability, reliability and economic integration, and write its main contents into the preliminary design simulation table of this major. The overall design of the project is explained by the design director in the general design description. In order to prepare the preliminary design documents, necessary internal operations should be done, and relevant calculations, computer-aided design calculation data, scheme comparison data, internal operation sketches, remedial data, etc. on which the budget estimate is based should be properly kept. The depth of the preliminary design document shall meet the approval requirements: 1. Conform to the established design scheme; 2. It can be used to determine the scope of land expropriation; 3. It can be used to prepare major equipment and materials; 4. The budgetary estimate of engineering design shall be provided as the basis for examining and approving the project investment; 5, can be used for construction drawing design; 6. It can be used for construction preparation. The compilation depth of preliminary design documents can be implemented according to the Provisions on the Compilation Depth of Design Documents for Architectural Engineering in People's Republic of China (PRC) issued by the Ministry of Construction on March 2, 2002 (Jian Jian [1992] 102).
Construction drawing design Construction drawing design is a design document prepared for building installation according to the approved preliminary design or design scheme. The design content of construction drawing is mainly drawings, and blinds should include cover, drawing catalogue, design description (or homepage), drawings, engineering estimation, etc. The preparation depth of construction drawing design documents shall conform to the relevant part of the document "Provisions on the Preparation Depth of Design Documents for Building Engineering" issued by People's Republic of China (PRC) Ministry of Construction 1992 (JJ [1992] 102). Design documents should be complete, content and depth in accordance with the provisions. Text descriptions and drawings should be correct and clear. All design documents must undergo strict proofreading and can only be submitted after being signed by designers at all levels. The depth of construction drawing design documents shall be moderate, meeting the following requirements: 1. The construction drawing budget can be compiled accordingly. 2. Control the ordering of materials and equipment and the manufacture of non-standard equipment; 3. It can be used for building installation; 4. It can be used for engineering inspection.
Design principles of residential areas The planning and layout of residential areas should comprehensively consider the internal relationship between road network structure, public buildings and residential layout, group combination, green space system and space environment, form a perfect and relatively isolated organic whole, and should follow the following principles: 1 Convenient for residents' life, not conducive to organization and management; 2. Only by organizing the core of public activities absolutely corresponding to the size of the permanent population can we operate, use and socialize services; 3. Reasonable organization of people and traffic is not conducive to safety defense; 4. The layout is reasonable, the space is C58701F29B56574Cf908FBB73BAC Complisation 56, the environment is beautiful and the car body is hidden. The design of residential space environment should follow the following principles: 1. Reasonable arrangement of public service facilities to avoid the infection and nuisance of smoke, gas, smell, dust and noise to residents; 2. The building should reflect the local style, highlight * * *, and the group building and spatial level should change harmoniously; 3. Set up architectural sketches with exquisite mouths to enrich and uglify the environment; 4. Pay attention to the integrity of landscape and space, and small buildings such as municipal special venues and parking garages should be mainly residential or public buildings; Power supply, telecommunications, street lamps and other pipelines should be buried underground; 5. The environmental design of public sports space should deal with the relationship between poor buildings, roads, squares, hospitals, green spaces and architectural sketches, and their relationship with people. The rate of green space construction in the new district should not be less than 30%; The restructuring of Chen District should not be less than 25%. Residential roads are divided into four grades: residential roads, residential roads, group roads and residential paths, and their road planning and design should comply with relevant regulations.
Residential floor area ratio refers to the ratio of residential construction area or total residential construction area to residential land per hectare. Building volume ratio is not the main index of building planning and design. It can control the scale and height of buildings in the building base, set aside a certain amount of open space for greening and connecting square land, and also control the number of buildings to meet the requirements of urban planning. The base that needs to be built in the wrong part of township planning should not mention the building volume ratio index.
Building red line Building red line consists of road red line and building control line. The road red line is the planning control line of urban roads (including residential roads); Building control line is the control line of building basement position. Near the base and the road, the red line of the road is generally used as the building control line. For example, due to the needs of urban planning, the competent department can set up a building control line outside the road route, which is generally called the red line construction of retreat. No building will break the given building line. "General Principles for Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ37? 87) Define the steps, platforms, window wells, underground buildings and foundation buildings of buildings, and other underground pipelines in the base except connecting cities shall not protrude the road red line. Building protrusions that are allowed to protrude the road red line: 1. Above the paved ground: (1) The sash and window cover are allowed to protrude more than 2 meters, and the protruding width is not more than 0.4 meters; (2) If it is more than 2.50 meters, it is allowed to highlight the movable sunshade, and the prominent width should not be greater than the sidewalk width plus 1 meter, and should not be greater than 3 meters; (3) Balcony, recessed window seal, canopy and overhangs are allowed to protrude more than 3.50m, and the protruding width should not be greater than 1 m; (4) awnings and overhangs that are allowed to protrude more than 5m are allowed, and the protruding width should not be greater than the sidewalk width minus 1m and not greater than 3m. 2. Above the road with sidewalks: (1) The window sash and window cover are allowed to protrude more than 2.50m, and the protruding width should not be greater than 0.4m(2) The awning and cornice are allowed to protrude more than 5m, and the protruding width should not be greater than1m..
According to the nature, scale, composition and use requirements of construction projects, based on local materials, local artificial conditions and environmental relations, and in accordance with relevant national policies, norms and regulations, organize traffic routes and greening to meet the requirements of energy utilization or production technology, which is technically and economically reasonable, conducive to production development and convenient for workers' lives. The general plan shall have necessary explanations and design drawings. The content of the explanation should mainly explain the basis, principles, zoning of crime and energy, traffic organization, street view space organization, environmental beautification design, architectural sketches, greening layout, etc. The general layout should include the following aspects: 1. Coordinate network and coordinate values of terrain and ground objects; Site construction coordinate network and coordinate values; Survey coordinates and construction coordinates around the site. 2. The location of the building (structure) (civil air defense works, underground garages, oil depots, water storage tanks and other concealed works are indicated by dotted lines), including the stop sign (or related dimensions), name (or number), floor and interior design elevation of the main building (structure). 3. The boundary of the new building, the names and floors of the adjacent buildings. 4. Main coordinates (or related dimensions) of roads, railways and drainage ditches. 5. Greening and beautifying the layout of facilities. 6. Wind rose map, compass. 7. Main technical and economic indicators and bill of quantities. 8. Description column: size unit, scale, surveying and mapping unit, date, name of height system, relationship between site construction coordinate network and survey coordinate network, filling legend and other necessary explanations, etc.
Vertical layout According to the use requirements of building names, combined with topographical features and construction technical conditions, the elevations of buildings, structures and roads are reasonably determined. , so as to make full use of the terrain, fill more soil, make the design economical and reasonable, and make the awning green and flowery. This is the main work of vertical layout design. The goal of vertical layout is to transform and use the terrain, so that the determined design elevation and design sky can meet the reasonable requirements of communication between buildings and structures and within the site, ensure the organized drainage of surface water, and strive to minimize the amount of earthwork. The vertical design shall specify the design basis, such as the elevation, technical requirements, traffic, topography, drainage and water supply level of urban roads and pipelines, as well as the earthwork balance, the location, site and leveling method of abandoned soil or sea. The vertical arrangement mode (flat slope or step type) and the surface water drainage mode (open ditch or trench system) should also be explained. If the open trench system is adopted, the topography and elevation of the drainage position should also be discussed. The vertical layout should include the following aspects: 1. Site building map and horizontal map values. 2. Names (or numbers) of buildings and structures and indoor and outdoor design elevations. 3. The key elevation of the ground outside the road, railway, canal or site. 4. Design elevation of starting point, slope change point, turning point and starting point of approach road, railway and drainage ditch. 5. Use the tail of the slope arrow to indicate the slope direction of the ground. 6. compass. 7. Description column: size unit, proportion, name of high-rise system, etc.
In the construction of the general three-dimensional design of pipeline comprehensive folding, the closed standards and regulations should be taken into account, and the pipeline layout and its conflicts in various industries should be determined by comprehensive folding, starting from the main side, so as to make all kinds of pipeline layout reasonable and economical. First of all, all kinds of pipelines are arranged under the comprehensive demarcation point diagram of pipelines. According to the media, characteristics and requirements of various pipelines, various pipeline laying sequences are reasonably deployed. Overhead pipelines should be laid in this section of roadway, and the method of solid shrinkage should be adopted in particularly difficult situations, and a long water supply pipe or fire exhaust pipe can be arranged for inspection when the vehicle is stopped. Underground pipelines should avoid laying drinking water pipelines, production sewage pipelines, exposed alkali pipelines and toxic substances pipelines in ditches. When laying side by side, a certain insurance distance should be guaranteed. As far as possible, arrange pipes with similar volume and buried depth within one volt. When underground pipelines intersect, the following preconditions shall be met: 1. The order of distance from the building is: power pipeline or electric pipeline, gas pipeline, cooling pipeline, water supply pipeline, rainwater pipeline and sewage pipeline. 2. The vertical bending sequence of various pipelines should be: telecom pipeline, cooling pipe, power cable larger than 10kv, power cable larger than 10kv, gas pipe, water supply pipe, rainwater pipe and sewage pipe. The pipe in the sky can be placed in the green belt, but not under the tree. When laying the main shield spear in the pipeline, it should be marked with long-term management and eternal management; Small diameter makes the diameter bigger; Don't bend straight, making it inflexible or tortuous; Therefore, the design is original; Struggle under pressure; If the amount of construction is large, let the principle of large-scale agricultural application be disposed of.
The usable area coefficient is generally regarded as a technical and economic index of residential building design, which refers to the total usable area (square meters) divided by the total construction area (square meters) and then expressed as a percentage. The larger the usable area coefficient is, the smaller the public transportation and structural area of the marked building is, indicating that the usable area of the building is large and the economy of the building is poor. Because of different building types, different building schemes and different building floors, their usable area coefficients are also different. Different building structures and wall materials will also affect the usable area of the building. When evaluating the economic index of a building, we can't just look at the use area coefficient to decide whether it is economical or not. The economy of the building should be fully considered according to the specific situation of the building scheme.
A building plan is a drawing that shows the horizontal content of various parts of a building and their combination relationship. Because the architectural plan can prominently express the composition and efficacy of the building, the normal architectural design begins with the graphic design. In graphic design, we should also consider the consequences of architectural space combination from the perspective of architectural zero body, and take care of the effect and shape of architectural section and broken surface. At all stages of design, there should be architectural plans, but the depth of their confession is not the same. In the design stage of building construction drawing, the building plan should reach the following depth: 1. Bearing wall, column (split column), axis and axis number, position and number of internal and external doors and windows, opening direction of doors, indicating the name or number of rooms and special requirements of rooms (such as cleanliness, constant temperature, explosion prevention and fire prevention, etc.). ) .2. Column spacing (oblique spacing), span (depth) size, wall thickness, column (pilaster) width, depth and axis related dimensions. 3. Dimensions between axes, size of the hole of doors and windows, sectional dimensions of outsourcing and total dimensions. 4. Size of deformation joint. 5. Bathroom appliances, pools, tables, cabinets, cabinets, isolation and other locations. 6. Indication and secondary size (dark specification), stair position and stair height direction of the elevator. 7. Basement, trench, pit, necessary stand, various platforms, mezzanine, manhole, reserved holes in the wall, location, size and elevation of important equipment, etc. 8. Track position, gauge and axis dimension, crane type, tonnage, span, driving range, crane ladder position, etc. 9. The location and size of shading platforms, awnings, steps, ramps, aprons, open ditches, ventilation shafts, pipe shafts, chimneys, garbage paths, fire ladders and storm drains. 10. Indoor and outdoor air elevation and floor elevation (the elevation of the first floor is 0.000). 1 1. Section line and number (individual lines are only marked on the bottom plane). 12. Details or numbers of plane nodes. 13. compass (drawn on the bottom plane). 14. Plane size and axis, if it is a symmetrical plane, can slightly repeat the local size, while floor plane can be omitted except for key dimensions such as bay and span and axis number. The floor scale layer can use a plane, but it needs to highlight the gradient and elevation. 15. According to the nature of the project and the level of complexity and purity, a large plan should be drawn for all complex parts. 16. When there are few building planes, they can be drawn by zones, but the combination should be drawn on the top surface of each zone as a schematic diagram, and the zone number should be clearly marked. 17. The roof plane can be drawn in enlarged scale. General contents include walls, cornices, gutters, slopes, rainwater cores, roofs (watersheds), deformation joints, staircases, water tank rooms, elevator rooms, wind shields for floor-to-ceiling windows and skylights, manholes on roofs, inspection ladders, indoor fire ladders and other structures. The index number and standard level are drawn.
Building elevation A drawing that shows the exterior shape and content of a house is called a building elevation. The building facade is the visible part of the vertical projection outside the building. The facades in all directions of the building should be painted completely, but the facades with small differences and not difficult to pull can be omitted. The whole elevation of the inner courtyard can be shown on the relevant section. If the profile can be completely represented, it needs to be drawn separately. The building facade includes the following contents: 1. Axis numbers at both ends of the building. 2. Mother walls, cornices, columns, deformation joints, outdoor stairs and fire exits, balconies, railings, steps, ramps, flower beds, awnings, lines, chimneys, handrails, doors and windows, openings, doors, storm drains, other decorative components and painted frame lines. The size and elevation (width× height× depth and related dimensions) of the hole left in the external wall shall be indicated. 3. Window numbers that cannot be displayed on the plan should be marked on the elevation. The elevation or height of the roof, cornice, human wall, window sill, etc. What is not shown in the plan view and section view shall be distinguished and indicated in the elevation view. 4. Detail index of each part of the structure, decorative nodes, material names or symbols.
A building profile shows the composition of various parts of a building in the vertical direction, which is called a building profile. The section design drawing should mainly show the height, number of floors, combined use of building space, as well as the structure, structural relationship, levels and practices in the building section drawing. The profile position of the profile should be selected in the most representative part with different stories and complicated internal and external space, mainly including the following contents: 1. Wall, column, axis and axis number. 2. Outdoor floors, ground floors (buildings), pits, ditches, machine bases, floors, ceilings, roof trusses, roofs, chimneys, skylights, wind shields, fire ladders, cornices, children's walls, doors, windows, cranes, crane beams, walkways, beams, railings, stairs, steps and ramps. 3. Height dimension. External dimensions: height and total height of doors, windows and openings; Internal dimensions: pit depth, partition, hole, platform, ceiling, etc. 4. altitude. The ground elevation of the bottom floor (0.000), the elevation of floors above the roof, stairs, platforms, roof panels, roof cornices, father-daughter walls and chimney tops, the elevation of water tank rooms, stairwells and computer rooms above the roof, the outdoor ground elevation and the elevation of underground floors below the bottom floor.
The urban parking problem of underground garage building is a dynamic traffic problem in urban retrogression. Because the vehicle parking time is longer than the driving time; The area of the parking space is two to three times larger than the horizontal projection area of the vehicle itself; With the development of urban vehicles, the parking problem is becoming more and more serious, which is manifested in the contradiction between parking demand and parking space shortage, as well as the contradiction between parking space and urban land. In order to solve this problem, mechanical above-ground multi-storey garages and underground parking facilities are widely used all over the world. Starting from the national conditions of China, the underground garage is also the development direction.
Types of underground garages:
The size of the open garage: the capacity of the social garage is 300 cars on the left and 300 cars on the right. Amateur garages should be built in accordance with the Long-term Provisions on Maintenance and Management of Parking Lot and the Rules for Planning and Design of Parking Lot issued by Erbang 1988. For example, every room in a high-end hotel should have no less than 0.3 parking spaces. As shown in Table 4- 1:
Site selection principle of underground garage base: 1. It should conform to the requirements of the overall urban planning and road traffic planning, and adapt to the urban structure and road network structure. 2. Ensure a reasonable service radius. The public garage should be less than 500 meters, and the special garage should be less than 300 meters. 3. The selected location should ensure its flooding degree to a certain extent, with the third level not less than 70%, the second level not less than 85%, and the turnover rate not less than 8 times/night. 4. It should meet the requirements of urban environmental maintenance, and the location of the air outlet of underground garage should avoid air purification for adjacent buildings, squares, parks, etc. 5. It should meet the requirements of urban fire control, and the positions of exits, vents and gas stations set on the ground should keep the necessary protective distance from surrounding buildings and other flammable and explosive facilities. 6. The base should be located in a position with good hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions, avoiding areas with high groundwater level or particularly complicated geological structure. 7. The base should avoid underground public facilities pipelines and other existing underground projects. Building component of underground garage: 1. Parking part: parking spaces (including parking spaces, lanes and sidewalks) and transportation facilities (including waiting areas, ramps, elevators, etc.). ) .2. Service: waiting room, free place and facilities such as car washing, refueling, maintenance and charging. 3. Management part: guard room, dispatching room, office, disaster prevention center, etc. 4. Help part: fan room, water pump room, equipment warehouse, fuel warehouse, stable oil depot, fire reservoir, etc. Area index of underground garage: the construction area of underground garage for small cars should be 35 ~ 45 square meters, the parking area of each car should be 28 ~ 38 square meters, and the proportion of parking area to the total construction area should be% ~ 85%. The design of parking space should consider reasonably determining the safe distance between the designed vehicle type and the parking space; Reasonably determine the parking mode and lifting mode; Lane width. Considerations in ramp design: ensure sufficient capacity such as quantity and location; The ramp structure should be simple, reasonable and firm; Measures should be taken to prevent astringency; For the underground garage with protection requirements, the slope structure should be in the protection zone, and the protective measures corresponding to the protection level should be taken for the hole; There should be a reasonable slope, tenderness, width and height. The design of underground garage should invent the quality of the garage environment, and have good and bad disaster prevention and protection systems and measures.
Classification of building fire protection According to the height, number of floors and fire risk of buildings, the fire protection design of buildings is classified, and all countries in the world have their own regulations. China's current Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings divides buildings into Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings, Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings and some special codes for fire protection design of buildings. Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (commonly known as "low code") is applicable to residential buildings with 9 floors or less, other civil buildings with a building height of less than 24 meters, and single-storey public buildings, single-storey, multi-storey and high-rise industrial buildings with a building height of more than 24 meters. Code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings (commonly known as "high code") is applicable to residential buildings with 10 floors and above; Public buildings with a building height exceeding 24 meters. When the height of a high-rise building exceeds 250 meters, special fire prevention measures adopted in architectural design shall be reported to the national fire department for special discussion and demonstration. High-rise buildings are divided into one category and two categories according to the nature of use, fire safety, evacuation and fighting difficulty. High-rise buildings include high-grade houses in residential buildings, and ordinary houses with 19 floors and above 19 floors; Hospitals and high-end hotels in public buildings; Commercial buildings, exhibition buildings, comprehensive buildings, telecommunications buildings and financial buildings with a building height of more than 50 meters or a building area of more than 1000 square meters; Commercial and residential buildings with a building height exceeding 50 meters or a building area exceeding 1500 square meters; Central and provincial radio and television buildings (including cities with separate plans); Network bureau level and provincial (including cities with separate plans) power dispatching buildings; Provincial (including cities under separate state planning) postal buildings and disaster prevention command and dispatch buildings; Libraries and stacks with more than 654.38+00,000 volumes; Important office buildings, scientific research buildings and archives buildings; Educational buildings and ordinary hotels, office buildings, scientific research buildings and archives buildings with a building height of more than 50 meters. High-rise second-class buildings include ordinary houses with floors 10 to 18; Trade building, exhibition building, comprehensive building, telecom building, finance and trade building, commercial and residential building, library building and stacks except for Class I buildings; Post building, disaster prevention command and dispatch building, radio and television building and electric power dispatching building below the provincial level; Learning teaching buildings and ordinary hotels, office buildings, scientific research buildings and archives rooms with a building height of not more than 50 meters.
Fire resistance limit of building components The fire resistance test of building components is based on the standard curve of time and temperature. The time from the building component being endowed with fire protection function to the damage of supporting capacity or integrity or the necessity of fire protection is expressed in hours. The fire resistance rating of buildings is divided into one, two, three and four grades. The fire resistance rating of a class of high-rise buildings should be Grade I, and the fire resistance rating of a class of high-rise buildings should not be lower than Grade II. The main load-bearing components of buildings, such as columns, beams, walls, floors, etc. , generally composed of non-burning concrete and masonry, its fire resistance limit can generally meet the requirements of the first and second fire resistance grades. However, the fire resistance of some rarely used prestressed beams and floors can not meet the requirements of relevant codes. It is necessary to increase the thickness of protective layer of main reinforcement, spray fireproof materials or other fire prevention measures to improve their fire resistance to meet the fire resistance requirements of codes.
The building spacing determined according to the building fire protection requirements is called the building fire protection spacing. The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings have detailed provisions on the fire protection spacing of buildings within their scope of application. These regulations are determined by comprehensively considering several factors, such as meeting the needs of fire fighting, avoiding the spread of fire to nearby buildings, saving land, etc., and referring to the current situation of fire prevention spacing of completed buildings. The code also stipulates the fire prevention spacing of some flammable liquids, gas storage tanks and chemical flammable materials warehouses, and factories that use and produce flammable and explosive materials. In the general layout design of buildings, in addition to the requirements of urban planning and building use, it is also necessary to meet the building fire prevention spacing specified in the building fire prevention code to determine the location of buildings.
In order to ensure the evacuation of people in buildings to Anqi area quickly and safely, the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings stipulates irrelevant evacuation issues, such as the number and layout of building safety entrances, safety evacuation intervals under different conditions, the tightness of evacuation doors, the width of walkways, the width of evacuation stairs and A70C 5993 ASEEP 20238A 523 FF 94228. For multi-storey and high-rise buildings, the gathering of people on our floor must pass through stairs, so the requirements for evacuation stairs and stairwells are more specific. For example, in the Code for Waterproof Design of High-rise Civil Buildings, smoke-proof stairwells should be removed for Class I and Class II buildings with a building height exceeding 32 meters, except for modular and corridor-style houses. For podium buildings and second-class buildings with a building height of not more than 32 meters, in addition to joint-family houses and verandah houses, open stairwells should be set up. The evacuation stairs of each unit of the apartment should lead to the bottom floor of the apartment. Units on floors below 1 1 and 1 1 do not need to close the stairwell. However, the stairwell door connecting the stairwell should be Class B fire door, and the stairwell should be close to the local area, with indirect natural lighting and natural ventilation. From 12 to the single-story unit room, smoke-proof stairwells should be set up. A class of public buildings, tower houses, 12-storey and above unit houses and arcade houses, and other private buildings with a height of more than 32 meters should be equipped with fire elevators. It is important that the fire elevator is used by firefighters in case of fire, not for employee evacuation.
Building fire protection zoning is the regional scope of building spacing determined according to building fire protection requirements. "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" stipulates that the maximum allowable building area of each floor of the fire protection zone of civil buildings with first-class and second-class fire resistance is 2500 square meters, with awnings; The maximum allowable building area of each floor with fire resistance grade III is1200m2; The fourth-class fire resistance rating is 600 square meters per floor. The fire partition area of the basement and semi-basement of the building shall not exceed 500 square meters. (Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings) stipulates that the maximum allowable building area of each fire zone of a class of high-rise buildings is 1000 square meters; The second category is1500m2; The basement is 500 square meters. When a building is equipped with a fire zone for active fire extinguishing, the maximum allowable building area can be doubled according to the above provisions. When the automatic ignition system is set locally, the increased area can be calculated as twice the local area.
Smoke-proof area In order to control the smoke in a certain range and reduce the affected area in case of fire, the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Buildings stipulates the smoke-proof area in high-rise buildings. The construction area of each smoke-proof partition should not exceed 500 square meters, and the smoke-proof partition should not exceed the fire-proof partition. Smoke-proof areas are divided as follows: 1. Rooms and walkways without smoke exhaust facilities are not divided into smoke-proof areas. 2. The walkway shall be equipped with smoke exhaust facilities as required. When there is no room, when the door connecting the room and the aisle is a fire door, the smoke prevention area can be divided only by the area of the aisle. If it is not a fire door, the smoke prevention area should include the area of the room. 3. The room should be equipped with smoke exhaust facilities according to regulations. When there is no walkway, the door connecting the room with the walkway should be a fire door, and the smoke-proof area can be divided only according to the room area. If it is not a fire door, the smoke prevention area should include the aisle area. Smoke-proof partition is made up of smoke-proof hanging wall, partition wall or beam protruding more than 50 cm from the ceiling.
Fire elevators are set for firefighters to quickly reach the fire floor of 57F4 E9B4 bean 62EEC174E8BC00056AF in case of fire, and fire elevators are set for high-rise buildings according to regulations. The setting of fire elevator shall meet the following requirements: 1. The fire elevator room should have a front room with an area of more than 6 square meters, and the area of the front room shared with the smoke staircase should not be less than 10 square meter. 2. The front room of the fire elevator should be close to the outer wall, and the entrance to the outside should be located on the ground floor or through an extinction channel not more than 30 meters. 3. The fire elevator shaft and machine room should be separated from the adjacent elevator shaft and machine room by a wall with a fire resistance limit of not less than 2.50 hours. If the door is opened on the partition wall, a Class A fire door should be set. 4. The front room of the fire elevator should adopt Class B fire doors or fire shutters. 5. Fire elevators should be equipped with telephones and special control buttons for fire brigade. 6. The bottom of the fire elevator should be equipped with drainage facilities.
Building fire lane is called building fire lane, which is used by fire-fighting vehicles in building fire fighting. Building fire lanes can be set separately from urban planning roads and lanes needed for building use. The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings have their own regulations on fire lanes. The Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings stipulates that circular fire lanes should be set around high-rise buildings. When it is difficult to set up circular lanes, fire lanes can be set up along two long sides of high-rise buildings. When the length of the building along the street exceeds 150m or the total length exceeds 220m, a fire lane passing through the high-rise building shall be set at a proper position. High-rise buildings should be provided with pedestrian passages connecting streets and inner courtyards, and the spacing between passages should not exceed 80 meters. When the side of the inner courtyard or patio of a high-rise building is longer than 24 meters, a fire lane should be set to enter the inner courtyard or patio. The natural water source and fire pool of fire engines should be equipped with fire lanes. The width of the fire lane should not be less than 4m. The distance between the fire lane and the external wall of a high-rise building should not be more than 5 meters, and there should be no obstacles within the range of 4 meters above the fire lane. Cease-fire lane should be provided with a back lane or a return yard, and the return yard should not be less than 15m× 15m. The return of large fire engines should not be less than 18m× 18m. Pipes and culverts under fire lanes should be able to withstand the pressure of fire vehicles. The width and height of the fire lane crossing the high-rise building should not be less than 4m. Between the fire lane and the high-rise building, there should be no trees or overhead pipelines that hinder the operation of climbing fire engines.
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