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How to Cultivate Humanistic Quality in Fine Arts in Primary Schools
First, create a humanistic environment and create a humanistic atmosphere.

1. Create a beautiful classroom environment and an artistic atmosphere for learning beauty.

Classroom is the main position for students to learn, and creative classroom layout can stimulate students' interest. The word "beauty" should be highlighted in art class. This kind of "beauty" is a kind of refined beauty and personality beauty, which makes students enter the classroom as if they had entered the art palace. They can put some excellent children's paintings on the walls of the classroom, and put some exquisite handmade works on the windowsill or wall of the classroom, such as clay sculptures, wall hangings, masks, masks and so on. By appreciating some imaginative children's works, we can arouse association, break through the narrowness of creative thinking, draw imagination and express boldly. You can also post some paintings with different styles by Chinese and Western masters, such as Picasso, Matisse, Miro, Xia Jiaer and Monet. And famous artists in China, such as Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong and Zhang Daqian, put students in a good artistic environment, feel a strong artistic atmosphere, stimulate their interest in learning beauty and cultivate their consciousness of creating beauty.

2. Establish a democratic teacher-student relationship and create a relaxed learning atmosphere.

Emotion has an extremely important influence on teaching activities. Psychological research shows that when you are nervous, your thinking will be suppressed, your mood will be depressed and you will feel bored, your thinking will be blocked and it will be difficult to exert your creative potential; And a good attitude is open-minded and agile. Teachers should abandon the dignity of teachers, put down their airs, turn classrooms into schools, and respect students' subjective status and personality. Classroom teaching should be democratic, guide students to take the initiative to participate, let students take the initiative to move, talk and think, mobilize all senses, participate in all aspects of teaching, and keep students happy and relaxed. In teaching, teachers should not always reprimand students, but must be kind to students and infect them with emotions. They should greet students' paintings with encouraging eyes and treat them with friendly smiles. Because they create a space of "spiritual freedom" for students, they boldly imagine and freely draw their own thoughts and ideas in a relaxed, unrestrained and unrestrained atmosphere, scrambling to show them to teachers, and some even quietly tell them their thoughts. Teachers should nod and smile more, respect students' personality, and students will consciously express their thoughts in painting language. Democratic teacher-student relationship can respect students' dominant position, satisfy students' desire for expression, protect students' desire for creation and dare to express their opinions, thus laying a good foundation for stimulating and cultivating creative thinking.

Second, relying on the content of teaching materials, refining humanistic quality.

1, mining the content of teaching materials

As one of the cores of humanities, art embodies a strong humanistic spirit. As art teachers, we should fully tap these factors and adopt effective humanistic methods to cultivate students' humanistic quality. For example, the design courses of desks and chairs, imaginary robots, various doors, etc., appropriately increase the difficulty from the artistic conception, form and aesthetic feeling of the works, which not only exercises students' skills, but also cultivates their spirit of hard work and perseverance. Promote the formation of students' strong will quality and the development of innovative thinking: fruit trees, arrogant chickens, all kinds of trees, tree birds, insects and so on in my hometown. Can effectively cultivate students to love nature, love life and cherish natural resources; Imaginary boats, children's palaces and high-rise buildings in my heart can cultivate students' love for nature and life. By strictly requiring students to develop the degree of homework, such as observing first, writing later, laying out the outline first, coloring later, and adjusting overall, not only can the quality of homework be improved, but also the orderly and rigorous style of study can be cultivated.

Art textbooks contain humanistic spirit everywhere. Teachers should carefully study the teaching materials, fully tap the humanistic factors, put the humanistic teaching objectives of each class in place, and lay a good foundation for training.

2. Strengthen appreciation teaching.

Appreciation is an essential part of every painting class. By watching and appreciating different kinds of art works, we can learn more about composition knowledge, painting color methods and painting skills, which has the effect of "reading thousands of books and writing like a god". As a part of human cultural achievements, many outstanding works of art, ancient and modern, at home and abroad, represent outstanding achievements in artistic practice, which contain rich humanistic education resources. Therefore, it is of great significance to appreciate and learn excellent works of art at all times and all over the world, and to experience all kinds of expressible or inexpressible spiritual connotations, not only to enrich the accumulation of life and spiritual world, but also to improve cultural quality and aesthetic accomplishment, improve their character and personality, and promote the formation of basic morality and value principles. Therefore, I make full use of this treasure and adopt humanistic methods to cultivate students' humanistic quality. However, there are countless outstanding works of art at home and abroad, and the painting class is mainly based on painting, and the appreciation is only a few minutes. Therefore, I changed the singing five minutes before class to appreciation, so that students can transcend the boundaries of time and space, travel in different historical periods and in different nationalities and regions, and gain diversified cultures and Zhi Tao's aesthetic perception. As mentioned above, in the perspective phenomenon class, when I showed pictures of the majestic pyramids in the vast desert and the towering Great Wall of Wan Li among the mountains, the students all expressed their heartfelt admiration for the ancient civilization of mankind: "Our motherland is really magnificent!" "The ancient working people were so great!" This simple and vigorous power can't shake its magnificence, make students get unforgettable influence and experience, and produce aesthetic psychological effect, thus cultivating interest and purifying the soul.

3. Adjust the order of teaching content

In the era of knowledge economy, we should not only have a broad vision, extensive knowledge and professional skills, but also have the ability to improvise and comprehensively use. As a teacher, we should cultivate students' ability in this field from an early age. It is necessary to break through the original teaching principle of basic knowledge and basic skills from low, middle and high grades, and organically combine orderly and disorderly teaching and learning to complement each other. According to the routine, the fourth grade is the initial study of volume and space. Facing the children who have just entered school, we can talk about the perspective and space, and also let the children have a sense of space. In practice, through proper inspiration and intuitive guidance, two-thirds of the children in the class drew more than three objects. For example, I learned color in the third grade, and it began to permeate in the second grade. According to the level of second-grade children, I first demonstrated the source of color and the relationship between sunlight and color, and then let students identify contrast color, similar color, cool color and warm color through template painting. At the same time, I told the children about the effect of coloring skills such as crayons, oil pastels and watercolors, as well as the overlapping of three colors. As a result, the students felt very novel and interested, and they also tried it after class. In the class of imagining the sun, a child uses the blue sun to represent summer. I asked him why, and he said that the teacher said that blue is a cool color, which can bring coolness to people. This is enough to prove that the order of teaching content has been adjusted, so that children can "paint boldly"-boldly use what they have learned and draw people and things they think they like at will. It can promote the rapid formation of children's innovative consciousness and comprehensive application consciousness, and form the habit of daring to express.

Third, open the teaching content and cultivate humanistic quality.

Chinese, mathematics, nature, music, science and other disciplines themselves contain humanistic education functions, such as mathematics can enhance the understanding and transformation ability of objective events; Music can give you the strength to work hard and overcome difficulties. Excavate the humanistic resources of various disciplines, study and grasp the transfer and horizontal connection of knowledge and skills between disciplines, develop children's perceptual ability by using the mutual exchange of various disciplines, and sublimate students' humanistic quality.

1, Chinese subject exchange, improve cultural literacy.

Gorky said: "Love books-this is the source of knowledge!" Only knowledge is useful, and only knowledge can make us mentally strong, loyal and rational people, and people who can truly love human beings, respect human labor and sincerely appreciate the beautiful fruits of human uninterrupted great labor. "In art teaching, students often read some famous poems, essays and fairy tales to enrich their imagination. Let the students read, recite and melt the beautiful poems into their brains. One day, when they are combined with their own paintings, their creative inspiration will come out in generate, their artistic images will be very touching and their thoughts will be further sublimated. For example, in an art class, after telling the story of The Little Match Girl written by Danish fairy tale writer Andersen and drawing the imaginary sun, a classmate combined the fairy tale with the sun to create Warm for the Little Match Girl. In the picture, the little sun girl shook her pigtails and gave them to the little match girl who was sent to heaven by white clouds. This painting fully expresses a pupil's sympathy for the little girl selling matches in fairy tales and wants to do it for him. Later, I read aloud "Don't ask me why" written by the famous little poet Liu Qianqian. This poem, full of sympathy and love for the little girl, touched the primary school students and had a great influence among them. They were eager to write nursery rhymes for their paintings. A pupil wrote a poem while painting the underwater world:

The blue ocean,

Mysterious seabed,

I want to be a mermaid,

Live there forever.

Besides, I also encourage and guide students to draw diaries and idioms.

2. Communicate with scientific disciplines and cultivate the spirit of loving and advocating science.

Loving science is one of the important symbols of modern humanistic spirit. Modern society is a highly developed society in science and technology, which has penetrated into all fields of social life. Without a certain scientific quality, it is absolutely impossible for people to survive and develop in modern society. Therefore, I fully explore the interaction between art and science. On the basis of letting students know about some scientific knowledge and the development trend of science and technology, I cultivate students' spirit of loving and advocating science through glove design, imaginary robot, space travel, desk and chair design, imaginary spaceship and other design activities.

For example, when teaching "Imaginary Robots" in grade six, I first let students know the current situation of robot manufacturing through various channels, master relevant books and materials (for the purpose of understanding and exploring science), first appreciate the beautifully designed robots at the International Robotics Expo, and listen to their unique introduction (courseware making), and then let students freely form several group companies to discuss; What kind of robots do you think modern people need? Then teach design methods, and finally cooperate in groups. Through the understanding of the present situation of robot manufacturing, from a large number of natural landscapes of animals and plants to man-made objects such as airplanes and cars, and even many cartoon images, students are given unlimited imagination and works with certain scientific principles and ingenuity stand out.

3. Communicate with nature in real life, cultivate feelings of loving life and nature, and improve aesthetic ability.

Mr. Chen Heqin, a famous educator in China, has long advocated the idea that "nature and the big society are our living teaching materials" and "beauty lies in life and beauty lies in nature". China has a vast territory, beautiful mountains and rivers, and rich folk customs and traditional culture and arts. According to the purpose of the teaching plan, lead students to explore famous mountains and rivers or visit cultural attractions for a period of time, guide students to observe carefully, capture the interest of nature and beauty, and identify what is true and what is good. This not only trains students to use what they have learned flexibly, but also helps them to get "beauty" inspiration from nature, experience the natural beauty of life with true feelings, cultivate sentiment, learn to express and create beautiful pleasure with true feelings, and inspire students to love their hometown and motherland, as well as to admire the great artistic achievements of mankind.

For example, when I was teaching the second volume of Insects, I used extracurricular activities to organize students to look for and observe insects outside the school. As a result, the classroom effect is extraordinary. Pupils not only know the shapes and colors of various insects, but also draw with ease. They are also scrambling to tell everyone what they have learned from their observations. Some students said, "Little bees are hardworking, flying around among flowers, tirelessly collecting pollen and brewing the sweetest honey for us." Others said: "In the insect world, there are beneficial insects and pests, such as flies and mosquitoes. They are pests that endanger our health, and bees are our good friends. " This contrast between beauty and ugliness strengthens students' emotional understanding of things and makes them love the beautiful things in life more. When drawing the second lesson "Imagined Insect", the pupils also imagined the little bee as a lovely little girl, flying around among the flowers in gorgeous clothes, collecting pollen. From appreciating the scene of bees picking pollen in life to the process that students associate with anthropomorphic insects, it is a re-creation of a better life. The works they create come from life and are higher than life. Isn't this the embodiment that they love life, nature and dare to create a bright future?

Fourth, pay attention to teaching skills and cultivate humanistic quality.

1, inspiration and induction, independent inquiry.

The essence of human beings is subjectivity and initiative, and students are the subjects of cognition, practice and development. The key to the healthy growth of students lies in their own enthusiasm. The current market economy conditions provide social conditions for people to develop their independent consciousness, independent consciousness and creative consciousness, and also provide a broad space for individual's all-round development and free development. Primary education aims at cultivating people who can adapt to society in the future. Therefore, "promoting autonomy" is one of the important independent variables to improve students' quality. In teaching, it is the fundamental duty of art teachers to seize various favorable opportunities and induce students to explore independently. Students can be induced to explore independently by performing in class, playing music, creating situations, asking questions, and letting students actively seek answers. For example, when teaching "beautiful lace", guide students to appreciate lace, and after arranging and combining a single pattern into various laces, it is concluded that "arranging and combining a single pattern into lace according to the continuous rules on both sides." Then inspiration and induction: "Is there any other way to combine individual patterns into lace?" Let the students arrange and combine the independent patterns cut by cardboard again before class, and let the students discover and actively explore the composition knowledge of new lace patterns. Compared with the teaching materials, the lace arrangement patterns explored by students with their brains and hands are richer, which greatly broadens their thinking space.

2, collective creation, promote cooperation.

Modern society is a society with fierce competition, and it also needs people to cooperate in various ways. Therefore, cultivating students' correct concept of cooperation is one of the important contents of humanistic education. Collective creation has completely broken the traditional teaching mode. At this time, a new type of relationship will be formed between teachers and students and between classmates. In this democratic and harmonious atmosphere, children's personality will be fully exerted and creativity will be stimulated. When the work is finished, they will increase their sense of collective honor because of the success of their creation. But also has positive significance for the formation of students' good character, the establishment of collective concept and the cultivation of cooperative attitude. Modern society needs to cultivate the next generation with a wide range of cooperative attitudes.

For example, in the teaching of space travel, I create a relaxed atmosphere by listening to music, combine individual creation with collective creation, and cultivate the spirit of unity and cooperation. Using the big wall chart with space as the background, students are required to draw a unique and novel spaceship or flying saucer. Then cut it out and paste it into a large space background map, so that students can happily transform their knowledge and skills into creative power in this specific situation; Finally, ask the students to name the works created by the group. The students scrambled to raise their hands, some called it "lively space" and some called it "all kinds of spaceships". Through the combination of individual creation and collective creation, students become the main body of learning, achieving the purpose of developing intelligence and creativity, and at the same time enhancing the spirit of teamwork.

3, hierarchical guidance, show personality

The individual differences of students exist objectively. Every child has his own unique personality and specialty, and every child hides many "bright spots". Therefore, in actual teaching, we should pay attention to individual differences, treat them at different levels, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude, so as to urge each student to seek the best development in their own learning environment. The specific operation should be as follows: 1. Carefully investigate and understand each student, know their individual differences, and then put forward different learning requirements for them; 2. According to the syllabus, teaching materials and students' reality, we should implement hierarchical teaching, so that students at different levels have the opportunity to express themselves and gain the joy of success, so that the underachievers can "eat enough", the general students can "eat enough" and the top students can "eat well"; 3. Strengthen individual counseling to make up for the lack of classroom teaching.

Fifth, reform teaching evaluation and improve humanistic quality.

1. Teachers abandon utilitarian colors and make reasonable evaluations.

The value of children's art education lies in quality education rather than specialty. Therefore, children's painting creation should not use the adult's creative rules to ask students what theme, what idea, what means of expression, what painting language and so on. Make students feel unattainable and have a sense of fear. Students should be encouraged to paint boldly and even doodle at will, and don't criticize and accuse easily. This is not important for the quality of painting, so that students can overcome "can't draw". In the "Imagined Sun" class in Grade Two, I first told the students a fairy tale, and then let them play freely according to the story, draw the story, and add the appropriate background. In the homework handed in, a painting caught my attention. The painting was naive, casual and a little rough, with no "skill" and no background, but he drew four suns-green ones respectively. This aroused my interest, and I asked the little painter to come to the podium to explain his answer to everyone, which surprised me. The four suns respectively represent the sunshine of the four seasons: the green watermelon is the sun in spring, the green sunshine promotes the recovery of all things on the earth, and the blue sun represents summer, because the teacher said that blue is a cool color, which can bring coolness to people, while yellow is of course the golden autumn of bumper harvest. Finally, he hopes that the winter sun is red and shines warmly on everyone. In addition to giving great praise to his creative thinking and his paintings, I also encourage other students to learn from him this spirit of self-expression. This classmate is full of success and pride, and has been fond of painting since then. In the 200 1 National Children's Painting and Calligraphy Competition, her painting Chopsticks Tree won the bronze prize.

2. Students participate in the evaluation and cultivate the ability of management, communication and cooperation.

If the teacher's praise and encouragement is a timely evaluation of the learning process, then the student's participation evaluation record is a more specific and detailed evaluation of the learning process. I often take the form of group cooperation, peer review and self-evaluation in art classes, and the selected group leader records the results of each review. Every student has a small file, which contains basic knowledge and skills, such as classmates' homework skills and imagination, as well as today's learning attitude, such as whether to attend class on time, classroom discipline, attitude to finish homework, care for public property, keep the room clean and polite. Such evaluation can cultivate students' good management, communication and cooperation abilities to adapt to today's challenging times. Instruct the use of different painting materials and adopt different teaching methods to cultivate personality.