The pyramids are tombs built by the kings of ancient Egypt. The pyramids of Giza in Egypt are considered as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Most of the pyramids in Egypt were built in the third and sixth dynasties. These pyramids with a history of more than 4,000 years are mainly distributed in the capital Cairo and Giza on the west bank of the Upper Nile. The pyramids of Giza belong to King Kabra on the left and King Kuff on the right, and there is a sphinx nearby. The main building material is limestone, and some are granite.

Eighty pyramids have been discovered in Egypt, the most spectacular of which is the pyramids of Giza built around 2600 BC, all of which were artificially built. How did the ancient Egyptians carve stones and build tombs? The layout of the passages and rooms inside the mausoleum is like a maze. How did the ancient Egyptians design it?

2 Zeus idol:

Zeus is the god of Greek gods. The statue of Zeus built for worship was the largest indoor statue in the world at that time. The Temple of Zeus, where the statue of Zeus is located, is the birthplace of the Olympic Games, and some Olympic events are held here. The site is located in the ancient city of Olympia on the west coast of Greece.

The temple of Zeus was built in 470 BC and completed in 456 BC. It was designed by architect Lieben, and the statue of Zeus was in the charge of sculptor Pheidias. The temple is made of limestone, with plaster on the surface, and the roof of the temple is made of marble. The temple is supported by Corinthian columns, with a height of17m and an area of 4 1.66.

Fallows lighthouse 3

The other six wonders of the Fallot Lighthouse are absolutely different, because it has no religious color, and it is built purely for people's real life. The light of the Fallot lighthouse shines all over Alexandria at night, protecting the ships at sea. In addition, it was the tallest building in the world at that time.

Location: fallows Island near Alexandria.

Shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy Soter, one of his subordinates, ruled Egypt and made Alexandria its capital. In view of the dangerous sea lanes near Alexandria, Ptolemy Soter ordered the architect soste Lars to cooperate with the Alexandria Library/Mouseon to build the Faros Lighthouse, which was completed in 290 BC.

4 hanging garden:

Like the colossus of Rhodes, archaeologists have not found the remains of the hanging garden so far. In fact, many ancient people mentioned hanging gardens in their works, but they only heard of them from others and never really saw them. Is the hanging garden a pure legend?

The Hanging Garden is located east of the Euphrates River and about 50 miles south of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. It is one of the four ancient civilizations in Babylon. Of course, the hanging gardens in Babylon have never hung in the air. The origin of this name is purely due to people's mistranslation of the Greek word "kremastos" and the Latin word "pensilis", whose original meaning is "hanging".

It is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar (604-562 BC) to comfort the homesick princess Amyitis, imitating her hometown in the mountains.

5 Temple of themis:

Themis is the Greek goddess of hunting. Arabs call her Rath, Egyptians call her Isis, and Romans call her Diana. In ancient Greece, themis was deeply worshipped, so he built the Temple of themis, one of the seven wonders.

The ruins of Timmy Temple are estimated to be located in the ancient city of Free Soul, about 50 kilometers south of Izmir (Smyrna).

6 The Colossus of Rhodes:

The colossus of Rhodes is the most mysterious of the ten wonders, because it collapsed in just 56 years, and archaeologists have not even been able to determine its exact location and appearance.

The colossus of Rhodes is located in the port of Rhodes, leading to the Mediterranean Sea. In 305 BC, the Federation of Rhodes and antigone.

There was a war, and the victorious Rhodes Federation got a lot of trophies. To commemorate this victory, they sold their trophies and built the colossus of Rhodes.

7 Mao Solas Tomb Temple:

Mao Solas's Tomb Temple is located in Nassus, Halka, in the southwest of Turkey. Its bottom building is rectangular, with an area of 40m (120ft) by 30m (100ft) and a height of 45m (140ft), in which the pier wall is 20m high and the column is 12m high, and it is a pyramid.

Cars. In addition to its architecture, this mausoleum temple is also famous for its sculptures. The sculpture of Mausoleum Temple was made by four famous sculptors, Briasis, Leo Chales, Scopas and Timothy, each of whom was responsible for one side of the tomb temple.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Halicarnassus was occupied. In order to build a huge castle, the new ruler used some stones from Mao Solas's tomb temple as building materials in 1494. Today, many sculptures still survive and are kept in museums in London, England. /kloc-since the 0/9th century, the archaeological excavation of Mausolasso's tomb temple has provided a lot of information about Mao.

8 Great Wall of Wan Li, China:

One of the great projects in ancient China. It was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 ~ 476 BC) and was built by the Ming Dynasty. It starts from Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west and reaches Hushankou on the Yalu River in Dandong, Liaoning in the east, running through Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Mongolia, Hebei, Liaoning and other places. Along the way, there are Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Niangziguan and other checkpoints.

Qin Shihuang later connected these intermittent Great Walls. It is said that 300,000 soldiers and millions of people and slaves were used at that time. However, the Great Wall can't completely prevent foreign invasion, because after the completion of the Great Wall, northern foreigners still often cross the Great Wall, raid villages on the border of China, and rob crops or livestock.

The Great Wall is the only three-dimensional building in history that can be seen from space. It is not easy to build it with modern science and technology, but it is really rare for China to build it in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. The building materials of the Great Wall are all made from local materials, which vary greatly from place to place. In the Han Dynasty, the Great Wall was built of mud and reeds. The volume of the Great Wall is also different. Juyongguan area is about 8.5 meters high and 8.5 meters wide at the lower part. The upper part is about 5 meters wide. There is a castle (equivalent to a tower) every 70 ~ 100 meters, and its height is about 12.3 meters. Most castles are heavy, and there are only two or three key places.

The eastern section of the Great Wall passes through mountainous or hilly areas, which is called "cutting mountains to build ancient buildings" and "blocking them with dangers" in ancient times, with ups and downs and magnificent shapes; The middle and west sections are arid areas, sparsely populated and desolate. If you visit Yanmenguan, Juyongguan, Gubeikou or Shanhaiguan in the middle, and overlook the excellent situation of mountains and rivers in China, you will marvel at the difficulties of our ancestors in opening up territory and arouse infinite thanks, Sir.

9 Port Alexandra outside Fallows Lighthouse:

In 332 BC, Alexander the Great of Macedonian Empire established an ancient city-Alexandria, west of the mouth of the Nile River in Egypt. After the death of Alexander the Great, the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt began to rise, and Alexandria became the capital of the Ptolemaic dynasty and prospered. Besides, Alexandra has been found.

The joint location of Asia, Africa and Europe can also lead to the ports of the Nile and the Mediterranean. You can imagine how Alexandria prospered and how world trade developed. In addition, the Faroes lighthouse, one of the seven wonders of the world, shines on the seaport of Faross Island in Alexandria. Egypt also has a large number of temples, palaces and other architectural relics. Although Alexandra is so prosperous, Alexandra has changed beyond recognition today. Scientists believe that most of these buildings have collapsed because of a great earthquake in the fourth century AD. Scientists have made many excavations in Alexandria. Among them, in an excavation in 1996, French experts claimed that large-scale ancient relics were found at the bottom of Alexandria, and traces of ancient roads and paving stones were also found. Investigators found an ancient Greek pot that sank to the bottom of the sea in ancient times. There are two handles on the pot, which are used to transport wine and other trading items. The investigation team also found the head of the statue of Pharaoh. The staff first fixed the Pharaoh's head with metal utensils, and then sent the statue into the water with balloons. The survey was conducted at the possible location of the Fallows lighthouse. Just compare the head of the statue with the staff next to it, and you can imagine the huge statue. With these discoveries, thousands of cultural relics have been excavated for many investigations. Most of the excavated remains weigh several tons to dozens of tons. From these ruins, we can gradually imagine the mysterious lighthouse of Fallot. Due to the prosperity of Alexandra and the backward navigation technology in ancient times, we can imagine that the Fallot lighthouse shining on the whole port plays an extremely important role in defending the lives of ancient sailors. Whether future generations can have a clearer understanding of the Fallot Lighthouse depends on whether the government and experts will pay attention to the excavation of Alexandria. If Puerto Alexandra

10 Terracotta Warriors:

After visiting the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, foreign heads of state and scholars believe that the discovery of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is not only an important discovery in China, but also an important discovery in the world archaeological history, which can be said to be the eighth wonder in the world. It can be compared with Egyptian pyramids and ancient Greek sculptures, and is recognized as a valuable wealth of human culture in the world.

Archaeological Discovery Shocked China and Foreign Countries 1974 Archaeologists in China have unearthed more than 7,000 pottery pots that have been sleeping for thousands of years, which is considered as an ancient miracle and the most spectacular archaeological discovery in this century. Qin terracotta warriors and horses are rare in the world in terms of quantity, quality and archaeological discoveries. It is of great significance to deeply study the military, political, economic, cultural, scientific and artistic aspects of the Qin Dynasty in the second century BC.

The terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang, the treasure house of ancient clay sculpture art, were shaped with real life as the theme. Their artistic techniques are exquisite and vivid, their gestures and facial expressions are different, their personalities are distinct, and they have strong characteristics of the times, showing the peak of clay sculpture art, adding luster to the splendid ancient culture of the Chinese nation and a glorious page to the history of world art.

Ten New Wonders of China Selected by Business Weekly

Commune by the Great Wall

Beijing international airport

Shanghai global financial center

National Swimming Pool (Water Cube)

China CCTV; closed circuit TV

Beijing Contemporary MOMA (Beijing Linkage Hybridization)

Dongtan eco-city

Beijing Olympic Park (Bird's Nest)

Donghai bridge

National Centre for the Performing Arts

Ten wonders of ancient China

First: The Great Wall of Wan Li.

Of all the human buildings in ancient and modern China and abroad, the most famous one should be the Great Wall of Wan Li in China. To be precise, there is more than one Great Wall. In more than 2,000 years, many Great Walls were built in the north of China in various dynasties. The most "new" and well-preserved one was built in China in the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644). The Great Wall of Ming Dynasty is a huge and complicated frontier fortress, stretching for 6,700 kilometers. This is the greatest man-made miracle in the world.

Second: Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the longest man-made river in the world and one of the oldest canals. Together with the Great Wall of Wan Li, it is known as the two major ancient projects in China. It shows the outstanding achievements of China's ancient water conservancy and shipping engineering technology leading the world. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal starts from Beijing in the north and ends in Hangzhou in the south. It runs through Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and connects five major water systems: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River. Total length 1794 km. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was built in the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,000 years ago, completed in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, straightened in the Yuan Dynasty, and dredged in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (excavated in 486 BC and opened to traffic in 1293), lasting 1779.

Third: Dujiangyan

Dujiangyan is located on the Minjiang River in the west of Chengdu Plain, Sichuan, 56 kilometers away from Chengdu. It is a large-scale water conservancy project built by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County in Qin State during the Warring States Period, and it is the oldest existing water conservancy project in China that still irrigates farmland and benefits the people. Dujiangyan is a monument in the history of science and technology in China, and is known as the miracle of the world. For more than 2250 years, water diversion irrigation has made Sichuan a "land of abundance". It is the source of "abundance" and still plays an irreplaceable role, irrigating more than 65.438+million mu of fertile land.

Fourth: The Forbidden City

The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is the imperial palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the largest and most complete existing ancient architectural complex in China, and an unparalleled masterpiece of ancient architecture. The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters, and there are more than 9,000 palaces, all of which are made of wood structure, with yellow glazed tile roofs and blue and white stone bases, and decorated with brilliant colored paintings. These palaces are arranged along a north-south central axis and spread to both sides. North and south are symmetrical. This central axis runs through the Forbidden City, Yongdingmen in the south, Drum Tower and Bell Tower in the north, and runs through the whole city. It is magnificent, carefully planned and extremely spectacular. Architects believe that the design and architecture of the Forbidden City is indeed an unparalleled masterpiece, and its plane layout, three-dimensional effect, grandeur and harmonious form can be said to be rare in the world. It marks the long cultural tradition of our motherland and shows the outstanding achievements of craftsmen in architecture more than 500 years ago.

Fifth: Potala Palace

Potala Palace, located on Maburi Mountain in the northwest of Lhasa, Tibet, is a famous palace-style building complex and the essence of ancient Tibetan architectural art.

Potala Palace was built in the 7th century A.D. by Songzan Gambo, the king of Tibet, to marry Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty in Tibet. Potala Palace is a 999-room palace, which was built on the Red Mountain at an altitude of more than 3,700 meters in Lhasa. The palace castle is built on the mountain, covering an area of 465,438+0,000 square meters and a building area of 654,38+0,300 square meters. The main building of the palace 13 floor, height 1, 654,38+05 meters. All of them are stone and wood structures, and the roofs of the five palaces are all gold-plated copper tiles, which are resplendent and magnificent. They are the essence of Tibetan ancient architecture art and are called Plateau Temple.

Sixth: Leshan Giant Buddha

Leshan Giant Buddha is located at the confluence of Minjiang River, Qingyi River and Dadu River in the east of Leshan City. It was first carved in the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13), and it took more than 90 years to build, with a height of 7 1 meter. Known as "mountain is Buddha, Buddha is mountain", it is the largest stone Buddha in the world. 199665438+On February 6th, Mount Emei-Leshan Giant Buddha was approved by UNESCO as "World Cultural and Natural Heritage" and officially listed in the World Heritage List.

The giant Buddha is well-proportioned, solemn and solemn, standing on the mountain, sitting by the river, and dangerous. The height of the giant Buddha is 7 1m, the head width is 10m, the bun is 102 1, the ear length is 7m, the nose length is 5m, the eyebrow length is 5m, the eye length is 3m, the shoulder width is 8m, the finger length is 8m, and the instep width is 8m, so it can be seated1.

Seventh: praise the sloping plank road

Xie Xie Road is named after the south entrance of Gucheng Road, Baogu (located in the north of Hanzhong City) and the north entrance, Gu Jie (located in Meixian County). It is a plank road across the Qinling Mountains in ancient China, connecting Guanzhong and Bashu, also called Pavilion Road. With a total length of 250 kilometers, it is an ancient passage. The road of praise and inclination is the only way for military strategists to March and the main road for business travel. Bashu's products reach Guanzhong by plank road. Tang built a 1 1 post station on the ramp. Thank you road is located in the deep Qinling mountains. The water is fast, the trees are dense and the grass is deep, so it is extremely difficult to dig. When Bao Dao was founded, gunpowder had not been invented, so people had to use fire and water to break mountains and stones. Among them, there is the earliest man-made tunnel in the world.

Eighth: Zhaozhou Dashiqiao

Zhaozhou Dashiqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, is located in Zhao County, southeast of Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province. Built in the reign of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (about 58 1 year), it has a history of 1400 years and is known as the first bridge in the world. It was built by the famous craftsman Li Chun.

Anji Bridge is a single-hole arc shouldered stone arch bridge, composed of huge granite stones, with a total length of 64.4 meters, a width of 9 meters, a clear span of 37.02 meters and a sagittal shape of 7.23 meters. There are two small arches on the shoulders at both ends of the big arch across the two banks to make the chess shoulders open, which is not only exquisite and beautiful, but also convenient to pass and reduce the resistance of running water.

Anji Bridge is the oldest and best preserved stone arch bridge in the world. 199 1 was named as "International Civil Engineering Historic Site" by American Civil Engineering Society, which indicates that Anji Bridge is as famous as Eiffel Tower in Paris, Panama Canal and Egyptian Pyramid.

Ninth: Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

The Mogao Grottoes, also known as "Thousand Buddha Cave", is located on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, and is one of the three artistic treasures of China grottoes. These caves were first dug in the second year of the former Qin Jianyuan (AD 366), and were later supplemented and repaired. Today, there are 492 caves and 45,000 square meters of murals.

There are 2,465,438+05 beige plastic statues, which are the largest and richest grotto art treasures in China. 1987 is listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Tenth: Yungang Grottoes in Datong

Yungang Grottoes are located at the foot of Wuzhou Mountain 16 km west of Datong City. Grottoes are dug along the mountain, stretching from east to west 1 km. There are 53 existing caves and more than 5 1000 stone carvings, which are one of the three major caves in China, belonging to the national key cultural relics protection units and listed in the World Heritage List undertaken by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The grottoes were dug in the second year of Xing 'an in the Northern Wei Dynasty (453), with a history of 1500 years.

Tied: Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang

The Longmen Grottoes were dug in 493 AD, about the time when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang. After the Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, Tang and Northern Song Dynasties, it was dug for more than 400 years. According to statistics, there are more than 2,300 caves and niches, more than 0,000 statues/kloc-0,000, more than 2,800 inscriptions and more than 70 pagodas in the East and West Mountains. It represents the carving styles of different times and reflects the aesthetic fashion of people in different periods. Longmen Grottoes is a world cultural heritage and the largest treasure house of royal carving art in China.