This article is selected from Autobiography of Hu Shi.

When I was a child, I was too weak to play with savage children. My mother also forbade me to run around and jump around with them. I never got into the habit of lively games when I was a child. No matter where I am, I am always elegant. So the elders in my hometown say that I look like a gentleman and call me "Mr. Wei". After this nickname was called out, everyone knew that Mr. San's youngest son was called Mr. Mao. With the name "sir", I can't help pretending to be "sir", and I can't follow the urchin. One day, I was "tossing copper coins" with a group of children at my door. An older generation passed by and saw me. He smiled and said, "Does Mr. Mao also throw copper coins?" I blushed and my heart beat, and I felt that I had lost my status as a "gentleman"!

Adults encourage me to pretend to be a gentleman, and I have no ability and habit to play, and because I really like reading, I have never enjoyed the life of children's games in my life. Every autumn, my grandmother and I will go to the fields to "supervise the cutting" (the top fields are protected by drought and flood, and the harvest is the best. Every time the tenant asks the landlord to spread the millet, he will supervise the cutting, and the two families will share it equally. I always sit under a small tree and read novels. When you are eleven or twelve, be lively. I actually organized a drama class with a group of classmates, made some wooden knives and bamboo guns, borrowed some fake beards and acted in the village farm. I often do literary works such as Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei; Only once did I imitate Shi Wengong and was shot down from my chair by an arrow from Huarong Road. This is my most lively thing.

In these nine years (1895- 1904), I only learned two things: reading and writing. In writing and thinking (reading articles), we have to lay a foundation. But there are no opportunities for development in other areas. Once, our village was "friends" (five villages in Badufan, called "five friends", and one village took turns to be a prince's club every year, called "friends") to prepare for the prince's club. Someone suggested sending me to the Kunqu Opera Team in Qiancun to study blowing sheng or play the flute. The elders in the clan objected that I was too young to follow the five friends around the prince. So I lost the only chance to learn music. For 30 years, I have never played an instrument and know nothing about music. I still don't know if I have the talent to learn music. As for learning painting, it is even more impossible. I often cover the lithographs of novel books with bamboo paper to copy the beauty of heroes in the books. One day, Mr. Wang saw it and got a scolding. All the photos in the drawer were found and torn up. So I lost the opportunity to learn to be a painter.

But these nine years of life, in addition to reading, also gave me a little life training. At this point, my teacher is my loving mother.

Every day at dawn, my mother wakes me up and tells me to get dressed and sit up. I don't know how long she sat awake. When she saw me awake, she told me what I did wrong yesterday, and let me admit my mistake and study hard. Sometimes she will tell me all the benefits of her father. She said, "You must always follow in your father's footsteps. I have only known this complete person all my life. You should learn from him and don't lose his shares. " A falling stock means losing face and making a fool of yourself. When she talks about sadness, she often tears. It was not until dawn that she dressed me and urged me to go to early education. The key to the school gate is at Mr. Wang's house; I looked at the school gate first, then ran to my husband's house and knocked at the door. Someone in Mr. Wang's house handed the key through the door. I took it and ran back. I opened the door and sat down to read. In ten days, I was the first person to open the school gate. I didn't go home for breakfast until my husband came.

My mother is the most strict with me. She is a loving mother and a strict father. But she never scolds me or hits me in front of others. I did something wrong. She just looked at me, and when I saw her stern eyes, I was frightened. She didn't teach me a lesson until I woke up the next morning. The crime is enormous. She waited until the dead of night, closed the door, scolded me first, and then punished me, or knelt down or ground my flesh. No matter how heavy the punishment is, I'm not allowed to cry. She taught her son not to vent his anger and asked others to listen.

One early autumn evening, I had dinner and played at the door, wearing only a vest. At that time, my mother's sister, Aunt Yu Ying, lived in my house. Afraid that I was cold, she took out a small shirt for me to put on. I refuse to wear it. She said, "put it on, it's cold." I casually replied: "Niang (Shuang), what! Laozi is not Laozi. " As soon as I said this, I looked up and saw my mother coming out of the house. I put on my shirt quickly. But she heard this frivolous remark. In the dead of night, she made me kneel and gave me a heavy punishment. She said, "How proud you are to lose my father! Easy to talk! " She sat there trembling with anger and wouldn't let me sleep. I cried on my knees and wiped my tears with my hands. I don't know what microorganisms I have rubbed in, but I have been suffering from eye diseases for more than a year. Doctors come and go, but they can't be cured. My mother is both regretful and anxious. I heard that her eyes can be licked off with her tongue. One night, she woke me up and she really licked my sick eyes with her tongue. This is my strict teacher and my loving mother.

My mother is widowed at the age of 23, and her stepmother is in charge. I can't write one tenth of the pain of this life with my stupid pen. The family's economy is not well-off, and in Shanghai, it depends entirely on the second brother to operate and dispatch. Big brother has been a loser since he was a child. He smoked opium and gambled. When he got the money, he ran out. He ran out and went home to give advice. When he saw the incense burner, he sold it and took out the tin teapot. My mother invited our elders several times and set a monthly fee for him. But he is always short of money, owes money to cigarettes everywhere and gambles everywhere. Every New Year's Eve, there is always a large group of debt collectors in my family, each holding a lantern and refusing to leave in the hall. Eldest brother has avoided going out. Two rows of chairs in the hall are full of lanterns and creditors. My mother goes in and out, making New Year's Eve dinner, thanking the kitchen god and giving lucky money, as if she had never seen this group of people before. In the middle of the night, it was almost "closed" and my mother went out the back door. A neighbor came to my house and each debtor developed a little money. Those who do good and evil, this group of debt collectors went out one by one with lanterns. After a while, big brother knocked at the door and came back. My mother never scolded him. And because it was New Year's Day, her face never showed any anger. I have spent six or seven Chinese New Year holidays like this.

Sister-in-law is the most incompetent and ignorant person, and sister-in-law is the most capable and narrow-minded person. They often quarrel, but because of my mother's good example, they never publicly scold each other. When they are angry, they just don't talk, don't answer, and pull their faces down, which is ugly; When yisow is angry, her face turns blue and she is even more afraid of people. When they were angry with my mother, it was the same. I didn't know this at first, but I gradually learned to read people's faces. I gradually understand that the most disgusting thing in the world is an angry face; The dirtiest thing in the world is to show your angry face to others, which is worse than beating and cursing.

My mother is generous, good-tempered, and because she is a stepmother, she is more attentive and tolerant to everything. Eldest brother's daughter is only one year younger than me, and she always eats and dresses like me. I had a little argument with her, and it was always painful. My mother always blames me and makes me do everything. Later, both the eldest sister-in-law and the second sister-in-law gave birth to sons. When they are angry, they beat their children and scold them to vent their anger. While hitting, scold others with sharp words. My mother just pretended not to hear. Sometimes, she can't help but quietly walk out the door, or go to the neighbor's sister-in-law's house to sit for a while, or go to the neighbor's house to chat through the back door. She never quarrels with her two sisters-in-law.

When every sister-in-law is angry, she often goes in and out every day for ten and a half months without rest, with a straight face, biting her mouth and scolding her children to vent her anger. My mother just put up with it, and when it was too late, she had her own way. At the dawn of this day, she didn't get up and cried gently. She didn't scold anyone, but cried for her husband and herself, and she couldn't keep her husband to take care of her. The first time she cried, her voice was very low and she began to cry. I woke up and advised her that she wouldn't live. At this time, I can always hear the door open in the front hall (the second sister-in-law lives in the east room of the front hall) or the back hall (the eldest sister-in-law lives in the west room of the back hall), and a eldest sister-in-law walks out of the room to go to the kitchen. Before long, my sister-in-law knocked on our door. I opened the door, and she came in, carrying a bowl of hot tea, and sent it to my mother's bed to persuade her not to cry and invite her to drink some hot tea. My mother stopped crying slowly and reached for the tea bowl. Sister-in-law stood and advised for a while before quitting. There is not a word about anyone, and there is not a word about that angry face in the past ten and a half months. However, as we all know, the sister-in-law who makes tea is always the one who has been angry for ten days and a half. Strangely, after this cry, there was at least a month or two of calm and tranquility.

My mother is the kindest and gentlest to others and has never said anything that hurts her feelings. But sometimes she is also very strong and won't be insulted. My fifth uncle is a loafer. One day, he complained in a cigarette shop that my mother always asked someone for help when she had something at home, and she was probably always kind to him. This sentence reached my mother's ear. She burst into tears with anger. She invited several people in her family and called her fifth uncle. She asked him face to face, who she had given and what benefits. She didn't stop until Uncle Wu publicly admitted his mistake and made amends.

My youth was spent under the lessons of my mother and was greatly influenced by her. I left her when I was fourteen (in fact, I was only twelve months old). I have been alone in this vast sea of people for more than twenty years, and no one has ever taken care of me. If I learn a little good temper, if I learn a little kindness to others, if I can forgive and understand others-I have to thank my loving mother.

Nineteen, eleven, twenty-one nights

word

1. Elegance: describes the elegance of people's speech and behavior.

2. Dirty: This means meanness and immorality.

3. textbook: unread books also refer to new courses.

4. Cloud (y √): refers to the scar left after corneal lesion.

5. Black sheep: Black sheep.

6. Family: refers to people with the same surname or the same clan.

7. Do a good job: I'd better speak ill of it, that is, persuade it in various ways.

8. Mr. Mei: When Hu Shi was a child, he was called "Simi" and nicknamed "Mier".

9. Grandma Shu: In the past, she was called my grandfather's concubine.

10. Ba Du: Hu Shi's hometown is Shangzhuang Village, Jixi County, Anhui Province, originally belonging to Ba Du Township, Jixi County.

1 1. the god of southern Anhui. According to legend, Zhang Xun was named the third prince in the Tang Dynasty, and the prince god refers to Zhang Xun who defended Jianghuai in the Anshi Rebellion.

12. ronin: a rogue.

13. Tolerance: refers to tolerance of different opinions, or the limits of tolerance and humility.

14. Vast desert: vast and empty.

15. Ask questions: ask questions; Ask according to the facts.

16. Forgiveness is forgiveness.

17. control: restricting free movement or speech; Stop people from going off the rails.

18. Punishment: punishment; Punishment.

19. frivolous: words and actions are frivolous and playful.

20. Complain: Feel bored and dissatisfied.

2 1. Shi Wengong: the characters in the Water Margin.

22. 19,1,2 1 day: Republic of China 191/month 2 1 day, i.e./kloc-.

23. Question: Ask the truth according to the facts; Ask questions.

24. insult (wǔ): damage the other party's personality or reputation and suffer humiliation.

25. Preparation: Prepare in advance for work, career or establishment of an institution.

26. Tenant farmers: farmers who used to rent the land of landlords.

Writing background

This article was written in 1930, which is a memory of the author's middle-aged life experience. Feng Shundi, Hu Shi's mother, is a traditional "mother image" in the old society. She was widowed at the age of 23 and kept it for 23 years. After experiencing the pain and suffering of life, she died at the age of 46. The biggest pain is that many relatives have passed away. For her son Hu Shi, she pinned all her hopes on him, endured everything and struggled for 23 years. She would rather be embarrassed than study for Hu Shi. She thinks of her son everywhere, and is an enlightened mother who pays attention to intellectual input. 19181kloc-0/June, she passed away in the hardships of widowhood. Hu Shi lost his father when he was a child, and his mother propped up the whole family with her thin body. At home, the mother plays the role of loving mother strict father-not only to pour maternal love into children, let them feel the warmth of home, but also to strictly control children and let them learn how to behave. All this left the first and deepest memory in Hu Shi's young mind.

Comment and analysis

In plain language, the article is more affectionate. This kind of tolerant and lasting love between mother and child shows a touching effect through a simple sketch. The reason why this article has touching power is not because of its magnificent structure and gorgeous words, but because of its simplicity.

Plain language, simple and clear, vividly depicts my mother's character: "My mother wakes me up at dawn every day" and "urges me to go to early education". In old China, where Confucianism dominated, women's status was extremely low. Besides, Hu Shizhi's mother was a housewife of a big feudal family. As a widow and stepmother, what can she expect except her son to "follow in the footsteps of Lao Zi"? So "My mother is the most strict with me, and she is the loving mother strict father". For the biological children, the mother "pays special attention to everything and embraces everything", "I really have no choice but to quietly walk out the door". Only through this plain narrative can the painful image of mother's humiliation jump from the paper and touch the sympathetic voice in the readers' hearts. Not a bunch of flowery words. Love for mother is deep and simple.

In fact, the plain style comes from the author's true feelings. Therefore, any hypocrisy will not have a shocking artistic appeal. Through reading the whole article, we can feel Hu Shi's deep love for his mother. As a descendant of scholarly family, Hu Shi received the traditional Confucian ethical education of loyalty, filial piety and benevolence in his childhood. Later, he learned from Zhu's primary school to "manage the family diligently", so he understood his mother's difficulties more and more deeply. Therefore, during his nine years in his hometown, he not only studied, but also gave me some life training. At this moment. My teacher is my loving mother. "Of course, I love my mother more." If I learn a little good temper, if I learn a little kindness to others, if I can forgive and understand others-I have to thank my loving mother. "Between the lines strongly reveals the love and respect for mother. The truth and purity of feelings are touching.

Problem inquiry

1. How does the author express his feelings when writing childhood games and losing opportunities?

A: Mourn and regret the past of childhood.

2. What is the connection between the first three paragraphs of the article and the mother?

A: The writer's personality and childhood life in the first three paragraphs of the article, on the one hand, describe his childhood hobbies and happiness, on the other hand, describe the playful nature of children; It not only describes the monotony and loss of childhood life, but also describes the foundation role played by environment and education in the development of a person's character. Generally speaking, in the first three paragraphs, the author wants to explain that his childhood, except reading, was poor and flawed. It is in this context that my mother "gave me the training to be a man", which is not only precious, unforgettable, but also far-reaching. From this point of view, the first three paragraphs are really not idle, which shows that "my mother" is one of the reasons for the formation of "my" personality and highlights the important role of my mother on the road to growth. Structurally, it paves the way for the following, echoing from beginning to end.

3. Why do you write about your mother getting along with her family?

A: In addition to writing about mother's discipline, the article also used more pen and ink to write about her getting along with her family. This seems to be divorced from the theme of "mother is my teacher", but it is not. We often say that the mother is the first teacher in life, which is not mainly reflected in how the mother disciplines, but more reflected in the influence of the mother on herself in dealing with people at ordinary times. Therefore, it can be said that writing about how my mother gets along with her family is also about how my mother is my teacher and how to demonstrate the subtle education and influence on me. In other words, I not only wrote my mother's words and deeds about "I", but also wrote my mother's example about "I".

4. What is the main idea of this article?

A: The article recounts the author's nine-year life as a child, recalling his mother's education and the harmonious relationship between his mother and his family. The lines are full of gratitude to her. Through concrete examples, the article shows my mother's love for herself, and my teachers, loving mother and strict father, are kind, tolerant, energetic and strict in educating their children, expressing their love and gratitude to her.

5. Why does my mother "never scold me and hit me in front of others"?

A: This is to protect my son's self-esteem, not for others, but for others to see.

6. What role does "she didn't take it out on her son for others to listen to" play in the structure and content of the article?

A: Content: It further consolidates the image of my mother as a strict teacher.

Structurally, compare it with the following article: Sister-in-law is angry at beating her son.

This article wrote something about mother? What kind of personality did you show your mother?

A: In this article, I wrote seven things about my mother.

1) My mother told me to get up and discipline, and urged me to go to school-strictly.

2) Mom never scolds me in front of others-protect my self-esteem and teach my children well.

3) "I" was severely punished by my mother for saying something trivial-strict with "I"

4) My mother licks my sick eye with her tongue-she loves her son deeply.

5) Mother handles the debts owed by Big Brother-tolerance, gentleness and kindness.

6) Mother handles the contradiction between the two sisters-tolerance, gentleness and forbearance.

7) Mother was insulted by Uncle Wu, and she asked him to apologize in public and get justice-she was just angry.

8 emotional expression?

Answer: 1) "If I learn a little good temper, if I learn a little kindness to others, if I can forgive others. Be considerate-I have to thank my loving mother. " Here, the author wrote that as a stepmother in a big family, it is not easy to manage housework and maintain family harmony, and expressed his understanding and gratitude to his mother.

2) The last paragraph: At the end of the article, it is pointed out that the person who has the greatest influence on my life is my mother. Full of the author's respect and love for his mother.

This paper was selected as an intensive reading text for the eighth grade of the Chinese textbook published by People's Education Press.

The textbook is selected from Autobiography of Hu Shi (Huangshan Bookstore, 1986 edition).

Segmentation and paragraph meaning of the article

My (1-4) childhood physical and personality characteristics, expressing my memories and regrets about my childhood, paving the way for writing about the influence of my mother on me later.

2 (5- 12) My mother's education

Direct education (oral communication)

5 natural paragraph: wake me up and urge me to go to school.

(Repeated indoctrination, strict supervision)

6 Natural section: strict father. Don't abuse me in front of outsiders. (Protect children's self-esteem and teach them well)

Paragraph 7: I spoke softly and was severely punished.

Indirect influence (for example) has a subtle influence on life.

Natural section: how to deal with the creditors of big black sheep on New Year's Eve (tolerance, gentleness, kindness, kindness and measurement)

9- 1 1 natural paragraph: how to get along with eldest sister-in-law and second sister-in-law? (Kindness, tolerance, forbearance)

12 natural paragraph: insulted by the ronin's fifth uncle, you must admit your mistake in public. (with strong spirit)

This shows the mother's character.

(13) My mother's profound influence on me and her gratitude.

Brief introduction of the author

Hu Shi (1891.12.17-1962.2.24), Han nationality, from Jixi, Anhui. Formerly known as Si, the scientific name Hong Biao, the word Xijiang, and later renamed Hu Shi, the pen names Tianfeng, Canghui Tieer and Yishe, in which the names and words were taken from the allusions of Darwin's theory of "natural selection, survival of the fittest" prevailing at that time. Modern famous scholars, poets, historians, writers and philosophers. Because he advocated the literary revolution, he became one of the leaders of the new culture movement. He used to be a professor and principal of Peking University.

When I was young, I studied in my hometown school. /kloc-went to Shanghai to study at the age of 0/4, 1904 followed his brother to Shanghai, and successively entered Meixi School and Chengzhong School. 1906 was admitted to Zhonghua Public School. 19 10 went to study in the United States, first entered Cornell University, and 19 12 transferred to the College of Literature to study philosophy and literature. 19 15 entered the philosophy department of Columbia university, with Dewey as the head of the department. I have believed in Dewey's pragmatism all my life. 19 16 years, I began to discuss vernacular Chinese with my classmates in the United States. Finally, I wrote my views on literary improvement and published them in 19 17 years in New Youth magazine edited by Chen Duxiu. This is the earliest paper that comprehensively and systematically advocated vernacular Chinese, which had a great influence in the early days of the New Culture Movement. 19 17 returned to China as professor Peking University, participated in the editing of "New Youth" and published the first vernacular poetry collection 1920. After the May 4th Movement, thoughts gradually tended to be conservative.

1928 was employed as the president of China Public College and the dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. 193 1 returned to Peking university as the dean of literature and the head of the Chinese department. Independent review was established in May, 1932. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he served as ambassador to the United States. 1946 became the president of Peking University. From 65438 to 0949, he went to the United States, and the next year he served as the curator of Gusteau Library of Princeton University. From 65438 to 0958, he went to Taiwan Province Province as the president of Academia Sinica. 1On February 24th, 962, Academia Sinica held the 5th Academician Conference. At the end of the reception to welcome the new academician, he died of a heart attack. At the age of 72.