There are some criteria to judge: a homosexual usually has some signs in childhood, but his performance in childhood is just the opposite of sexual maturity. When I was a child, I liked being with the opposite sex, playing the role of the opposite sex, wearing clothes of the opposite sex, imitating different movements and so on. In adolescence, the situation changed rapidly, and he began to be interested in the same sex, loving the same sex, but expressing disgust or indifference to the opposite sex. There are some criteria: B has not been taken care of by the same-sex elders for a long time, or has been with the opposite-sex elders.
C grew up in a big environment or a small environment.
D has no "sex" interest in the opposite sex, and has never had a dream sex with the opposite sex.
E has a lasting and strong affection and sexual desire for the same sex, manifested as erection.
In addition, some temporary homosexuals, who have been hit or hurt by the opposite sex, want to entertain themselves or retaliate against others in a gay way or they have never rejected the opposite sex in essence. The object of choice is only their lifestyle (sometimes called bisexuality). They are fickle, fickle, and dangerous.
Homosexuality was invented by German doctor Benckert in 1869 (plummer, 1984). This word describes that you can't have a sexual reaction to the opposite sex, but you are attracted to the same sex (Benckert, 1869, quoted from Bullough, 1976, p. 637).
Nowadays, homosexuality, heterosexuality and bisexuality are considered as different types of "sexual orientation", which is defined as "persistent attraction to members of a specific gender in sex, feeling or illusion"; Therefore, homosexuality refers to "the basic or absolute attraction to members of the same sex" (Herek,1989; 1994, page 3).
Before Benckert coined this medical term, homosexual sex was condemned as evil by Christianity and outlawed in some European countries, including Britain. In some cases, men will be imprisoned for engaging in homosexual sex, such as the famous Oscar Wilde case in Britain a hundred years ago. Westerners believe that the origin of the concept of same-sex sexual behavior can be traced back to the twelfth century. Boswell, a famous historian of Yale University, found that homosexuals "are outstanding, influential and respected in many aspects of society in most European countries, and left an eternal mark on the cultural heritage of that era, whether in religious society or secular society."
However, since the second half of 12 century, relatively vicious hostility has appeared in popular literature and eventually spread to theology and legal literature. (boswell, 1980, p. 334). 13 and 14 centuries are an era of intolerance to any heresy, including the crusades against non-Christians, the rejection of Jews, and the increasingly serious wanton suppression of people suspected of being in danger. Boswell pointed out that this intolerance influenced European society in the following centuries. Foucault (1979) traced back in his History of Sex that with the increasing authority of government and medical profession in secular society during the industrial revolution, the condemnation of homosexuality turned from religion to secular society and medical profession.
/kloc-At the end of 0/9th century, in Europe and the United States, homosexuality was regarded as a medical diagnosis unit and a crime and illegal act due to the convergence of this historical force. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, men and women attracted by the same sex formed friendship networks and meeting places in urban areas (D 'Emilio,19811993). In a city like new york, these meeting places are widely known and frequented by the sexually liberated generation in the 1920s. Under the famous social repression in 1930s, with the promulgation of laws and the suppression by the police, the acceptance of same-sex attraction in this period came to an end. Economic oppression has forced many men to lose their jobs, thus re-emphasizing heterosexual masculinity, which may be a reason for the re-emergence of intolerance towards homosexuality (chauncey, 1994).
In the 1920s, a same-sex movement came into being in Germany, and a library and center were established in Berlin. 1939, the Nazis destroyed the center and burned down the library. Soon after, the government promulgated a law prohibiting same-sex sexual behavior, and thousands of homosexuals were imprisoned and died in concentration camps (Plant, 1986). Freud fled Germany during this period and took refuge in London. In the 1920s, he signed a petition in support of the same-sex movement, and wrote in a famous letter that homosexuality is not beneficial to society, but it is not a pathological phenomenon in the sense of mental illness.
World War II brought together an unprecedented number of men and women. In the United States, the result was to purge so-called homosexuals from the army until the end of the war, and it was further expanded in Senator joseph mccarthy's anti-gay and anti-capitalist movement in the 1950s. In this social atmosphere, AlfredKinsey and his assistant published their first scientific research report on sexual behavior in the United States, and found that a large number of men had experienced homosexual sex. Subsequent research found that these experiences also happened to women. These research materials were severely criticized, but they supported the same-sex movements in Los Angeles, San Francisco and new york at that time. There are also gay movements in Europe, including Amsterdam and Copenhagen. Same-sex newspapers, magazines, private clubs and public places are piling up, and they begin to suspect that the dominant same-sex sex behavior is a disease.
However, doctors and psychiatrists still use hormone injections, shock therapy, castration and even brain surgery to try to treat homosexual attraction. Psychoanalysts claim that family pathology leads to sexual deviations, such as homosexuality, and patients often cannot get effective treatment for several years (Haldman, 199 1). EvelynHooker of UCLA, supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, conducted an empirical study on homosexuality as a mental illness for the first time. Her research was reported at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in 1955 and published in 1957. Hook (1957) studied 30 gay men according to the best psychological scale used at that time (Rorschach Ink Test, apperception Test and Picture-telling Test) and invited excellent scale interpreters (for example, Kloepfer was responsible for explaining Rorschach Ink Test), and compared it with 30 heterosexual men with the same age, IQ and education level. None of these people had received psychotherapy before the study. As a result, professional readers of the scale can't distinguish between homosexuals and heterosexuals, and the scores given by experts to these men are no different between homosexuals and heterosexuals. Therefore, this study shows that homosexuality does not exist as a disease unit and cannot be distinguished by psychological tests. Homosexuality is not important in the measurement of mental health. Many subsequent empirical studies support this conclusion that sexual orientation has nothing to do with psychopathology ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~