Modern society requires citizens to have good humanities literacy, innovative spirit, cooperative consciousness and open horizons, basic abilities including reading comprehension, expression and communication, and the ability to collect and process information by using modern technology. Chinese education should and can cultivate a new generation of people needed by modern society and play an important role. In order to meet the needs of social development, the purpose and method of evaluation should be systematically reformed.
The Chinese curriculum reform of nine-year compulsory education should be guided by Marxism and scientific education theory, sum up the gains and losses of Chinese education in China, learn from the experience of mother tongue education reform in other countries, follow the laws of Chinese education, and strive to build a Chinese curriculum suitable for the development of modern society, so as to play its due role in cultivating students' ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality and so on.
First, the nature and status of the curriculum
Chinese is the most important communication tool and an important part of human culture. The unity of instrumentality and humanism is the basic feature of Chinese curriculum.
Chinese curriculum should be devoted to the formation and development of students' Chinese literacy. Chinese literacy is the basis for students to learn other courses well, and it is also the basis for students' all-round development and lifelong development. The multiple functions and basic functions of Chinese course determine its important position in the nine-year compulsory education stage.
Second, the basic concepts of the curriculum
(A) comprehensively improve students' language literacy.
The Chinese course in the nine-year compulsory education stage must be geared to all students, so that students can acquire basic Chinese literacy. Chinese course should cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the language and characters of the motherland, guide students to correctly understand and use the language and characters of the motherland, enrich language accumulation, cultivate language sense, develop thinking, and enable students to have the ability of reading, writing and speaking to meet actual needs. Chinese courses should also focus on improving students' moral cultivation and aesthetic taste, so that they can gradually form a good personality and a sound personality, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
(2) Correctly grasp the characteristics of Chinese education.
The rich humanistic connotation of Chinese curriculum deeply affects people's spiritual field, and students' reactions to Chinese materials are often diverse. Therefore, we should not only pay attention to the influence of Chinese, the value orientation of teaching content, but also respect the unique experience of students in the learning process.
Chinese is a practical course, so we should focus on cultivating students' Chinese practical ability, and the main way to cultivate this ability should also be Chinese practice, rather than deliberately pursuing the systematicness and integrity of Chinese knowledge. Chinese is also a mother tongue education course, and learning resources and practical opportunities are everywhere. Therefore, students should be more directly exposed to Chinese materials and master the rules of using Chinese in a large number of Chinese exercises.
In Chinese class, we should also consider the influence of Chinese characteristics on literacy, writing, reading, oral communication and students' thinking development, and pay special attention to cultivating a good sense of language and overall grasp ability in teaching.
(3) Actively advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods.
Students are the main body of learning and development. Chinese curriculum must be based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and Chinese learning, pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs, cherish students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, fully stimulate students' initiative and enterprising spirit, and advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods. The determination of teaching content, the choice of teaching methods and the choice of evaluation methods will all contribute to the formation of this learning method.
Comprehensive Chinese learning is conducive to students' comprehensive improvement of Chinese literacy in interest-independent activities; It is an important way to cultivate students' initiative to explore, unite and cooperate, and be brave in innovation, and should be actively advocated.
(4) Strive to build an open and dynamic Chinese curriculum.
Chinese curriculum should be rooted in reality, face the world and face the future. It is necessary to broaden the fields of Chinese learning and application, pay attention to interdisciplinary learning and the application of modern scientific and technological means, and make students broaden their horizons, improve their learning efficiency and initially acquire the Chinese practical ability needed by modern society through the intersection, infiltration and integration of different contents and methods.
Chinese curriculum should be open and innovative, meet the needs of different regions, different schools and different students as much as possible, and constantly adjust and update itself according to the needs of society. We should pay close attention to the informatization process of contemporary society and promote the reform and development of language courses.
Third, the design ideas of curriculum standards
1. The overall design of the nine-year consistent curriculum objectives. Under the "overall goal", the curriculum standard puts forward the "stage goal" according to the four learning stages of 1 ~ 2, 3 ~ 4, 5 ~ 6 and 7 ~ 9, which embodies the integrity and stage of Chinese curriculum.
2. The curriculum objectives are designed according to three dimensions: knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values. The three aspects are mutually infiltrated and integrated, and pay attention to the overall improvement of Chinese literacy. Each period is interrelated and spirals upward, and finally the overall goal is fully realized.
3. The stage goal requires four aspects: reading, writing and writing (primary school 1 ~ 2 grades are writing, and grades 3 ~ 6 are writing and oral communication). The curriculum standard also puts forward the requirement of "all-round learning" to strengthen the connection between Chinese curriculum and other courses and life, and promote the comprehensive improvement and coordinated development of students' language abilities such as listening, speaking, reading and writing.
4. In the "implementation suggestion" part of the curriculum standard, the principles, methods and strategies for the compilation of teaching materials, the development and utilization of curriculum resources, teaching and evaluation are put forward, which also leaves room for creation for concrete implementation.
The second part of the curriculum objectives
First, the overall goal
1. In the process of Chinese learning, cultivate patriotic feelings and socialist moral quality, gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct values, and improve cultural taste and aesthetic taste.
2. Understand the richness of China culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture. Care about contemporary cultural life, respect multiculturalism, and absorb the nutrition of excellent human culture.
3. Cultivate the emotion of loving Chinese, cultivate self-confidence and good habits in Chinese learning, and master the most basic Chinese learning methods.
4. While developing language ability, develop thinking ability, stimulate imagination and creative potential. Gradually develop a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and advocating true knowledge, and initially master scientific thinking methods.
5. Be able to actively carry out inquiry learning and learn and use Chinese in practice.
6. Learn Chinese Pinyin. Can speak Mandarin. Know about 3500 commonly used Chinese characters. Can write Chinese characters correctly and neatly, and has a certain speed.
7. Have the ability to read independently, pay attention to emotional experience, have rich accumulation, and form a good sense of language. Learn to use a variety of reading methods. Be able to understand and appreciate literary works, be influenced by noble sentiments and interests, develop their personality and enrich their spiritual world. Can read simple classical Chinese with the help of reference books. The total amount of extracurricular reading in nine years should be more than 4 million words.
8. Be able to express your meaning in a specific and clear way. Be able to write in common expressions according to the needs of daily life.
9. Have the basic ability of daily oral communication, learn to listen, express and communicate in various communication activities, initially learn to conduct interpersonal and social communication in a civilized way, and develop the spirit of cooperation.
10. Learn to use commonly used Chinese reference books. Initially have the ability to collect and process information.
Second, the stage goal
The first phase (grade 1 ~ 2)
Literacy and writing
1. Like learning Chinese characters, and have the desire to read actively.
2. Know 1600 ~ 1800 commonly used Chinese characters, of which 800 ~ 1000 can write.
3. Master the basic strokes and common radicals of Chinese characters; Be able to write with a hard pen according to the rules of stroke order, and pay attention to the shelf structure. Feel the beauty of Chinese characters.
4. Develop correct writing posture and good writing habits, and write in a standardized, correct and neat way.
5. Learn Chinese Pinyin. Can read initials, finals, tones and syllables as a whole. Can spell syllables accurately and write initials, finals and syllables correctly. Know capital letters and memorize Chinese phonetic letters.
6. Be able to read Chinese characters with the help of Chinese Pinyin. You can use word order and radical index to look up the dictionary and learn to read independently.
2. Reading
1. Enjoy reading, enjoy reading.
2. Learn to read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
Learn to read silently, don't make any noise, and don't point to read.
4. Read with the help of the pictures in the reading materials.
5. Understand the meaning of words and phrases in the text in combination with the context and real life, and accumulate words and phrases in reading.
6. Read simple fairy tales, fables and stories, yearn for beautiful situations, care about nature and life, have their own feelings and ideas about people and things of interest, and be willing to communicate with others.
7. Read children's songs, nursery rhymes and simple ancient poems, expand your imagination, gain a preliminary emotional experience and feel the beauty of language.
8. Know the common punctuation marks in the text. In reading, experience the different tones expressed by periods, question marks and exclamation marks.
9. Accumulate your favorite idioms and proverbs. Recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs). The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 50 thousand words.
10. Love and care for books.
(3) Write words
1. I am very interested in writing, writing what I want to say, writing what I imagine, and writing my understanding and feelings about things around me.
2. Willing to use words learned from reading and life in writing.
3. According to the needs of expression, learn to use commas, periods, question marks and exclamation points.
Oral communication
1. Learn to speak Mandarin and gradually develop the habit of speaking Mandarin.
2. Be able to listen to others carefully and try to understand the main content of the speech.
3. Listen to stories and watch audio-visual works, and be able to repeat the main idea and wonderful plot.
4. Be able to tell short stories completely and simply tell what you are interested in.
When talking with people, you are naturally generous and polite.
6. Confidence in expression. Actively participate in discussions and express opinions on topics of interest.
Comprehensive learning
1. I'm curious about things around me, and I can ask questions about what I'm interested in, and I'll discuss with you in combination with extracurricular reading.
2. Combine Chinese learning, observe nature, and express your observations orally or graphically.
3. Enthusiastic participation in campus and community activities. Combine activities, express your knowledge and ideas orally or graphically.
The second stage (grade 3-4)
Literacy and writing
1. Have a strong interest in learning Chinese characters and develop the habit of active literacy.
2. Accumulate 2,500 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 2,000 can write.
3. I can use dictionaries and dictionaries, and I have initial independent literacy ability.
4. Be able to skillfully use hard pen to write block letters, so as to be standardized, correct and tidy. Copy block letters with a brush.
2. Reading
1. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2. Learn to read silently at first. You can ask questions about places you don't understand in the text.
3. Be able to connect with the context, understand the meaning of words and expressions, and appreciate the role of key words and expressions in expressing ideas. Be able to understand the meaning of new words with the help of dictionaries, dictionaries and life accumulation.
4. Be able to grasp the main content of the article and understand the thoughts and feelings expressed in the article.
5. Be able to retell the main idea of narrative works, feel the vivid images and beautiful language in the works, and communicate your reading feelings with others.
6. In the process of understanding sentences, understand the different usages of periods and commas, and understand the general usages of colons and quotation marks.
7. Learn to skim and get a general understanding of the article.
8. Accumulate beautiful words and wonderful sentences in the text, as well as language materials obtained in extracurricular reading and life.
9. Read excellent poems, pay attention to experience emotions during reading, and recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs).
10. Develop the habit of reading books and newspapers, and collect and exchange books and materials with classmates. The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 400,000 words.
(3) homework
1. Pay attention to the things around you, and be willing to express them in words to enhance your self-confidence in exercise.
2. Be able to write down what you see, feel and imagine in an informal way, and pay attention to expressing what you find novel and interesting, or what moves you the most.
3. Willing to read homework to others and share the happiness of homework with others.
4. Be able to communicate in writing with short letters and notes.
5. Try to use your accumulated language materials in practice, especially fresh words.
6. Use colons and quotation marks according to the needs of expression.
7. Learn to correct words and phrases with obvious mistakes in practice.
8. Practice in class about 16 times per academic year.
Oral communication
1. Can talk with people in Mandarin. During the conversation, I can listen carefully and grasp the main points. I can also ask the other party for advice and discuss different opinions with others if I don't understand.
2. The listener can grasp the main content and make a brief report.
3. Be able to tell stories clearly and tell your feelings and thoughts.
4. Be able to tell stories concretely and actively, and try to impress others with words.
Comprehensive learning
1. Be able to ask questions in study and life and collect information purposefully. * * * to discuss with you.
2. Combine Chinese learning, observe nature and society, and express your observations in words and orally.
3. Be able to organize interesting Chinese activities under the guidance of teachers, learn Chinese in the activities and learn to cooperate.
4. Try to solve simple problems in family life and school life with Chinese knowledge and ability.
The third stage (grade 5-6)
Literacy and writing
1. Strong independent literacy. Accumulated the knowledge of 3000 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 2500 can write.
2. Hard pen writing regular script, neat lines, a certain speed.
3. You can write regular script with a brush and experience the beauty of Chinese characters in writing.
2. Reading
1. Can read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2. Silent reading has a certain speed, and the silent reading of general books is not less than 300 words per minute.
3. Be able to read with the help of a dictionary, understand the proper meaning of words in the language environment, and distinguish the emotional color of words.
4. Contact the context and your own accumulation, infer the connotation of related words in the text, and experience its expression effect.
5. Try to figure out the expression order of the article in reading, understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and initially understand the basic expression methods of the article. In communication and discussion, I dare to put forward my own opinions and make my own judgments.
6. Reading explanatory articles can grasp the main points and understand the basic explanation methods of the articles.
7. Read the narrative works, understand the outline of the event, briefly describe the most impressive scenes, characters and details, and tell your feelings of likes, dislikes, reverence, yearning and sympathy. Read poetry, grasp poetry as a whole, imagine the situation described by poetry, and experience the poet's feelings. Influenced and inspired by excellent works, I yearn for and pursue beautiful ideals.
8. Learn to browse, expand your knowledge and collect information as needed.
9. In the process of understanding the text, experience the different usages of pause, comma, semicolon and period.
10. Read excellent poems and pay attention to appreciate the content and emotion of the works through the tone and rhythm of the poems. Recite 60 excellent poems (paragraphs).
1 1. Try to use information channels such as libraries and the Internet to carry out inquiry reading. Expand your reading range, and the total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 6.5438+0 million words.
(3) homework
1. Writing is for self-expression and communication.
2. Develop the habit of observing things around you, consciously enrich your knowledge, cherish your unique feelings and accumulate practice materials.
3. Be able to write simple documentary composition and imaginary composition, with specific content and true feelings. According to the needs of the expression of exercise content, it can be expressed in sections.
4. Learn to write reading notes and commonly used practical articles.
5. Be able to use common punctuation marks according to the needs of expression.
6. Modify your own exercises, and actively communicate with others to modify them, so that the statements are fluent and correct, and the writing is standardized and neat.
7. Practice in class about 16 times per academic year. You can finish no less than 400 words in 40 minutes.
oral drills
1. You can respect and understand each other when communicating with others.
2. Willing to participate in the discussion and dare to express their opinions.
3. Listen to others carefully and patiently, and be able to grasp the main points and report briefly.
4. The expression should be organized and the tone should be appropriate.
5. Be able to make some preparations and make a simple speech according to the objects and occasions of communication.
6. Pay attention to the beauty of language in communication and resist uncivilized language.
Comprehensive learning
1. In order to solve the problems related to study and life, we try to write a simple research report by using information channels such as libraries and networks to obtain information.
2. Plan simple campus activities and social activities, discuss and analyze the planned topics, and learn to write activity plans and activity summaries.
3. Organize discussions and lectures on the issues around you that everyone is concerned about, or the stories and images in TV movies, and learn to distinguish right from wrong, good from evil.
4. Understand the basic methods of searching and using information.
The fourth stage (grades 7-9)
Literacy and writing
1. Can skillfully use dictionaries and read independently, and can use a variety of word retrieval methods. I have accumulated 3500 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 3000 can write.
2. On the basis of skilled use of hard pen to write block letters, learn to write standard and popular block letters to improve writing speed.
3. Copy famous calligraphy and experience the aesthetic value of calligraphy.
2. Reading
1. Can read correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2. Get into the habit of reading silently, and read at least 500 words of ordinary modern literature every minute at a certain speed.
3. Skillfully use skimming browsing method to expand reading range and broaden horizons.
4. On the basis of reading through the text, clear your mind, understand the main content, appreciate and scrutinize the meaning and function of important words in the language environment.
5. Have your own experience in the content and expression of the text, be able to put forward your own opinions and problems, and discuss difficult problems in a cooperative way.
6. Understand the narrative, description, explanation, discussion, lyricism and other expressions in reading.
7. Be able to distinguish between real works and fictional works and understand literary styles such as poetry, prose, novels and dramas.
8. Appreciating literary works, you can have your own emotional experience, initially understand the connotation of the works, and gain beneficial enlightenment to nature, society and life. The ideological and emotional tendency of the works can be evaluated in connection with the cultural background; Be able to tell his own experience of touching situations and images in his works; Taste the expressive language in the works.
9. Read scientific and technological works and pay attention to understanding the scientific spirit and scientific thinking method embodied in the works.
10. Read simple argumentative essays and distinguish between opinions and materials (truth, facts, data, charts, etc.). ), find the connection between ideas and materials, and make judgments through your own thinking.
1 1. Read ancient poems, and consciously improve your appreciation taste and aesthetic taste through accumulation, perception and application.
12. Simple classical Chinese, able to understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books. Recite 80 excellent poems.
13. Understand basic grammar knowledge to help understand language difficulties; Understand the commonly used rhetorical methods and realize their expressive effect in the text. Understand the works knowledge and cultural common sense of the important writers involved in this article.
14. Be able to use the library and network to collect the information and materials you need.
15. Learn to make your own reading plan, read a wide range of books, with a total reading of not less than 2.6 million words, and read two or three famous books every academic year.
(3) Writing
1. Consider different purposes and objects when writing.
2. Writing should be sincere and try to express your unique feelings and real experiences.
3. Observe life from multiple angles, discover the richness of life, capture the characteristics of things, and strive for creative expression.
4. According to the expression center, choose the appropriate expression. Arrange the order and details of the content reasonably and express your meaning clearly. Use association and imagination to enrich the content of expression.
5. Write a narrative to be specific; Write a simple explanation; Write a simple argumentative essay, and strive to be justified; Write daily practical articles according to the needs of life.
6. Be able to extract the main information from the article and abbreviate it; Be able to continue writing according to the internal connection of the article and your own reasonable imagination; You can change the style or expression of the article and rewrite it.
7. Have the consciousness of independent writing, and pay attention to collecting materials, conceiving, drafting an outline, modifying and processing in the writing process.
8. Develop the habit of revising your own composition. When revising, you can use the sense of language and common sense of grammar and rhetoric to make the text orderly. You can exchange your writing experience with others, evaluate and revise your composition with each other, so as to share your feelings and exchange opinions.
9. Be able to use common punctuation correctly.
10. Generally, the composition is not less than10.4 million words per academic year, and other writing exercises are not less than10.4 million words. You can finish no less than 500 words in 45 minutes.
Oral communication
1. Be able to pay attention to objects and occasions and learn to communicate in a civilized and decent way.
2. Listen patiently and intently, and understand each other's views and intentions according to their words, expressions and gestures.
3. Express your opinions confidently and responsibly, with clear thinking, clear organization and no digression.
4. Pay attention to expression and tone, and make your speech infectious and convincing.
5. In the process of communication, you can adjust your expression content and way according to your needs, and constantly improve your coping ability.
6. Tell stories with concrete content and vivid language. Repeat, complete and accurate, and highlight the main points.
7. Be able to make impromptu speeches and prepared keynote speeches on appropriate topics, have their own opinions and have certain persuasiveness.
8. Discuss problems inside and outside the classroom, actively express opinions, be centered, organized and well-founded. Be able to listen to the focus of discussion and express opinions in a targeted manner.
Comprehensive learning
1. Be able to organize literary activities independently and experience the joy of cooperation and success in the process of running journals, performances, discussions and other activities.
2. Be able to raise questions of interest in study and life, discuss with each other, choose research topics, make simple research plans, obtain relevant information from newspapers, books or other media, discuss and analyze problems, and write simple research reports independently or cooperatively.
3. Care about major events at home and abroad, collect information, investigate and visit, discuss hot issues of common concern with each other, and show learning results with words, charts, pictures and photos.
4. Master the basic methods of retrieving and quoting materials, and distinguish the main differences between original materials and indirect materials; Learn to indicate the source of quoted materials.
Part III Implementation Suggestions
I. Suggestions on compiling teaching materials
1. Textbook compilation should be guided by Marxism, face modernization, face the world and face the future.
2. Teaching materials should reflect the characteristics of the times and modern consciousness, pay attention to human beings and nature, understand and respect diverse cultures, and help students establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values.
3. Textbooks should pay attention to inheriting and carrying forward the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, which will help to enhance students' national consciousness and patriotic feelings.
4. Textbooks should conform to the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, adapt to students' cognitive level, and closely connect with students' experience world and imagination world, which is helpful to stimulate students' interest in learning and innovative spirit.
5. The selection of teaching materials should be exemplary, beautiful in quality, rich in cultural connotation and flavor of the times, rich in theme, genre and style, with moderate difficulty and suitable for students to learn.
6. Teaching materials should pay attention to guiding students to master Chinese learning methods. Chinese knowledge, text notes and exercises should be few and concise, inspiring and helpful for students to learn how to learn in inquiry.
7. The arrangement of teaching materials should avoid trivialization, simplify clues, highlight key points, strengthen integration, pay attention to the relationship between emotional attitude and knowledge and ability, and strive to improve students' Chinese literacy as a whole.
8. The style and presentation of teaching materials should avoid patterning, encourage flexibility and diversity, pay attention to designing experiential activities and research topics for students, and attach importance to the application of modern information technology.
9. Teaching materials should be open and flexible. On the basis of reasonably arranging the content of basic courses, there is room for local governments, schools and teachers to develop and choose, and also for students to choose and expand to meet the learning and development needs of different students.
Second, the development and utilization of curriculum resources
1. Chinese curriculum resources include classroom teaching resources and extracurricular learning resources, such as textbooks, teaching wall charts, reference books, other books, newspapers, movies, television, radio, internet, reports, lectures, debates, seminars, drama performances, libraries, museums, memorial halls, exhibition halls, bulletin boards, newspaper galleries, various signboard advertisements and so on.
Natural scenery, cultural relics, customs, important events at home and abroad, and daily life topics can also be resources for Chinese courses.
2. There are natural, social and humanities curriculum resources everywhere. We should have a strong sense of resources, strive to develop and actively use resources.
3. Schools should actively create conditions and strive to equip Chinese teaching with corresponding equipment; We should also strive for the support from all walks of life, establish stable ties with the community, create an environment for students to practice Chinese and carry out various forms of Chinese learning activities.
4. Chinese teachers should attach great importance to the development and utilization of curriculum resources, creatively carry out various activities, enhance students' awareness of learning and using Chinese in various occasions, and improve students' Chinese ability in many ways.
Third, teaching suggestions
(A) give full play to the initiative and creativity of both teachers and students in teaching.
Chinese teaching should be carried out in the process of equal dialogue between teachers and students.
Students are the masters of Chinese learning. Chinese teaching should stimulate students' interest in learning, pay attention to cultivating students' awareness and habits of autonomous learning, create a good autonomous learning situation for students, respect students' individual differences and encourage students to choose their own learning methods.
Teachers are the guides and organizers of learning activities. Teachers should change their ideas, update their knowledge and constantly improve their comprehensive quality. We should creatively understand and use teaching materials, actively develop curriculum resources, and flexibly use various teaching strategies to guide students to learn to learn in practice.
(2) Try to embody the practicality and comprehensiveness of Chinese in teaching.
Strive to improve classroom teaching, consider the integration of knowledge and ability, emotion and attitude, process and method, and advocate heuristic and discussion teaching.
Communicate in and out of class, make full use of educational resources such as schools and communities, carry out comprehensive learning activities, broaden students' learning space and increase students' Chinese practice opportunities.
(3) Pay attention to the correct orientation of emotion, attitude and values.
It is an important content of Chinese teaching to cultivate students' noble moral sentiment and healthy aesthetic taste, and to form correct values and positive attitude towards life. They should not be regarded as external and additional tasks, but should be subtly influenced and played a role, and these contents should run through the daily teaching process.
(4) Correctly handle the relationship between basic literacy and innovation ability.
Chinese teaching should pay attention to the accumulation, perception and application of language, pay attention to the training of basic skills, and lay a solid Chinese foundation for students. At the same time, we should pay attention to developing students' creative potential and promote their sustainable development.
(5) Follow the laws of students' physical and mental development and Chinese learning, and choose teaching strategies.
The development of students' physical, psychological and language abilities has the characteristics of stages, and the teaching of different contents also has its own laws. Appropriate teaching strategies should be adopted according to the characteristics of students at different stages and different teaching contents to promote the all-round improvement of students' Chinese literacy.
1. About reading and writing and Chinese Pinyin.
Reading and writing is the basis of reading and writing, and it is the teaching focus of 1 ~ 2 grade.
The requirements for reading and writing should be different. 1 ~ 2 students should recognize more and write less.
Literacy teaching should take language factors familiar to children as the main materials, make full use of children's life experience and pay attention to teaching literacy methods; Strive for the unity of knowledge and action. Use a variety of intuitive teaching methods to create colorful teaching situations.
Writing teaching should pay attention to the guidance of students' writing posture, guide students to master basic writing skills and develop good writing habits.
The teaching of Chinese Pinyin should be as interesting as possible, focusing on activities and games, combined with the teaching of learning Mandarin and literacy.
2. About reading
Reading is an important way to collect and process information, understand the world, develop thinking and gain aesthetic experience. Reading teaching is a dialogue process among students, teachers and texts.
Reading is students' personalized behavior, and teachers' analysis should not replace students' reading practice. Let students deepen their understanding and experience, feel and think, be infected by emotions, gain ideological enlightenment and enjoy aesthetic pleasure in active thinking and emotional activities. We should cherish students' unique feelings, experiences and understanding.
The focus of reading teaching is to cultivate students' ability to feel, understand, appreciate and evaluate. The cultivation of this comprehensive ability can be emphasized in every learning period, but it can't be copied mechanically.
Gradually cultivate students' ability of inquiry reading and creative reading, advocate multi-angle and creative reading, use reading expectation, reading reflection and reading criticism to expand thinking space and improve reading quality.
Reading teaching in all periods should attach importance to reading aloud and reading silently. Strengthen the guidance of reading methods so that students can learn intensive reading, skimming and browsing step by step. Students should also be asked to read some poems to help them accumulate, experience and cultivate their sense of language.
Cultivate students' extensive reading interest, expand reading scope, increase reading volume, and advocate doing less questions, reading more books, reading good books, reading good books and reading whole books. Encourage students to choose their own reading materials.
When reading, we should also pay attention to learners' mental health and protect learners with our eyes.
3. About writing
Writing is an important way to use language to express and communicate, and it is a process of understanding the world, self and creative expression. Writing ability is a comprehensive embodiment of Chinese literacy. Writing teaching should be close to students' reality, make students easy to write and be willing to express, and guide students to pay attention to reality, love life and express their true feelings.
1 ~ 4 grades start with writing and exercises. It is to reduce the difficulty of the initial stage and pay attention to cultivating students' writing interest and self-confidence.
In writing teaching, we should pay attention to cultivating observation ability, thinking ability, expression ability and evaluation ability. Ask students to tell the truth, the truth, the truth, and not to tell lies, empty words or cliches. Encourage students to write imaginary things and stimulate them to expand their imagination and fantasy.
Provide favorable conditions and broad space for students to write independently, and reduce the constraints on students' writing. /ca & gt；