The latter is more difficult to complete.
There was a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, Zhang Jian [Ji m \u n], who was the best of the latter.
He is knowledgeable, a calligrapher, a famous politician and educator in modern times, and is also known as "the first industrialist in modern China".
Zhang Jian was born in Changle Town (now Changle Town, Haimen District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province) in the third year of Qing Xianfeng (June 65438+July 0853).
Under the good education of his family, Zhang Jian read many poems and books since he was a child, and he was quite talented.
According to the life line of "learning to be an excellent official", Zhang Jian is ready to enter the road of imperial examination. However, because no one in the three generations of ancestors became famous, that is, "cold registration", it is necessary to pay more registration fees.
So under the arrangement of his family and teachers, he signed up in the name of Zhang Yucai, the grandson of Zhang Ju in Rugao County.
Zhang Jian's first attempt at Xiaoming successfully passed the two levels of students and scholars.
However, the devil made a difference. In the following ten years, Zhang Jian took part in five "township examinations", but all failed.
Seeing that the expected return failed, Zhang Ju threatened Zhang Jian's family with an impostor, demanding money constantly, and took Zhang Jian to court in the name of "Zhang Yucai was disobedient and unfilial".
In the imperial examination era, "filial piety" is the basic principle that students must abide by. If you bear the name of "unfilial", you will be ruined and even jailed for questioning.
This lawsuit has been going on for many years, and Zhang Jian's family are exhausted and spend a lot of money, so the family is in trouble.
Young Zhang Jian himself was messed up.
Fortunately, Zhang Jian's teacher cherishes his talent and intercedes for him everywhere. It is well known that Sun Yunjin, a native of Tongzhou, also came forward to help him plead with the court.
When Zhang Jian was 20 years old, the case was over. The court agreed that Zhang Jian should supplement his resume, restore his native place in Tongzhou and dismiss the prosecution.
In order to change the dilemma of family life dragged down by himself, Zhang Jian played his pen and ink specialty and started his adjutant career.
He was invited as a staff member for benefactor Sun Yunjin and Huai Army "Qing Zi Camp" and Wu Changqing.
During this period, Zhang Jian drafted several political articles, which made him famous at one fell swoop. Li Hongzhang, the minister of Beiyang, and Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, both competed for gifts, and Zhang Jian declined.
Later, Zhang Jian went back to his hometown to study and prepared to continue his dream of imperial examination.
He took the "Shuntian Township Examination" and was admitted with the second place.
But strangely, the nightmare of repeated failures more than ten years ago was repeated again, and Zhang Jian failed in the "examination" for many times in the next decade.
In fact, there is a very dramatic reason here.
At that time, Weng Tonghe and other court officials appreciated Zhang Jian very much and made great efforts to woo him so that people could secretly identify his papers in the "exam"
Ironically, however, in four consecutive "exams", they all made mistakes in other people's papers and designated others as winners, while Zhang Jian fell behind again and again.
A learned man, he could have shown his talents and got help from outstanding people, but he missed fame.
In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), Cixi celebrated her 60th birthday and had a special Cohen exam.
Zhang Jian, who was already disheartened, reluctantly went to Beijing to take the exam because of his father's disobedience. As a result, I passed the customs again and again.
When it came to the palace entrance examination, Weng Tonghe, the military minister trusted by the Guangxu emperors of the two dynasties, couldn't wait. After hastily correcting Zhang Jian's papers, he persuaded other marking ministers to be the first.
Then he specially introduced to Emperor Guangxu: "Zhang Jian is a famous man in the south of the Yangtze River, a dutiful son."
As a result, Zhang Jian was the first to win the championship, and finally made a positive result on the tortuous road. This year, he was 4 1 year old.
In the same year that Zhang Jian won the first prize, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 broke out.
This also intensified the contradiction between the "imperial party" and the "post-party" in the Qing court.
The "imperial party" headed by Weng Tonghe likes to publish "main battle" remarks and attack "post-party" such as "main peace" and Li Hongzhang in an attempt to win real power for Emperor Guangxu.
Zhang Jian naturally became a disciple of the "urn gate", inspired writing, pointed out state affairs, and became the backbone of the "imperial party"
Just as the two factions were fighting fiercely, Zhang Jian's father died. So he followed the example of Ding You and returned to the system.
During the return to the system, he naturally could not serve as a court official.
Zhang Zhidong, the minister of Westernization acting as the governor of Liangjiang, was eager for talents and sent Zhang Jian to the court to do Westernization in his hometown.
Zhang Jian reciprocated, and in view of the consequences of the treaty of shimonoseki between China and Japan, he proudly put forward some suggestions, such as speaking quickly about business, opening more schools and building railways.
Immediately, Zhang Jian selected Tangjiazha with convenient land and water transportation to build a cotton mill and planned it as a business.
However, during the fund-raising period, he ran around with many difficulties and the project was abandoned halfway.
In desperation, the cotton mill was changed into a joint venture between government and business. However, the factory was not completed as scheduled.
Three years after Ding You, Zhang Jian returned to Beijing and was reinstated as usual.
At that time, Emperor Guangxu used Kang Youwei and others to carry out the New Deal. Zhang Jian responded positively, assisted Weng Tonghe, his mentor, in writing many memorials, urging the imperial court to develop Westernization and promote industrial and commercial development.
However, not long after, the "Reform Movement" died, and Weng Tonghe and others were ousted by Cixi.
Zhang Jian, who is already familiar with the sinister officialdom, is disheartened about his career.
He has been organizing cotton mills in his hometown for three years, and his heart has already turned to another blue sky.
Although it was a strange world that I had never set foot in.
He resolutely gave up his official career in Beijing and went south to realize his dream of "saving the country through industry".
Of course, although he left Beijing officialdom, he had to mediate between the ruling and opposition parties because of the origin of interpersonal relationship and the fact that the establishment of the industry could not be separated from the resources of the court.
For example, he was appointed by the Qing court as a first-class consultant of the Ministry of Commerce. Actively participate in constitutional monarchy activities, and organize the establishment of Jiangsu Advisory Council. When Emperor Xuan Tong abdicated, he was responsible for drafting abdication letters.
After the Revolution of 1911, Zhang Jian became the director of agriculture, industry and commerce of Beiyang government and the director of national water resources.
During the Republic of China, he was invited to be active in politics for a long time because of his high reputation.
With the efforts of Zhang Jian, in April of the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), Sheng Da Spindle Factory with 20,400 spindles was finally completed and put into operation.
Later, however, we encountered difficulties in working capital.
Urgent shareholders, no one responded; I planned to rent a factory and was maliciously bargained.
Zhang Jian, desperate, burned his bridges and put into production in an all-round way, using the income of cotton yarn to buy cotton to keep running.
God helps those who help themselves. Subsequently, the cotton yarn market was optimistic, and the funds of Sheng Da Cotton Mill were constantly expanding, making it difficult to survive.
Zhang Jian once won the first prize, that is, Wen Kui. Therefore, the early cotton products of Sheng Da Cotton Mill used Kuixing trademark, under which there were products such as Hongkui, Lankui, Lvkui, Jinkui and Caikui.
With the continuous accumulation of funds, Zhang Jian reclaimed the coastal wasteland of Haimen near the cotton mill and built the raw cotton base-Tonghai Reclamation Animal Husbandry Company.
Then, Guangsheng Oil Factory, Fuxing Flour Factory and Zisheng Metallurgical Factory were successively established in the local area, gradually forming Tangzha Town Industrial Zone.
In order to facilitate the transportation of equipment and products, he built Tiansheng Port and power plant along the river in Tangzha, and built roads between towns, making Tiansheng Port gradually become the main Yangtze River port in Nantong at that time.
In addition, he also reclaimed hundreds of thousands of mu of land in Dongtai County to develop cotton planting and solve the raw materials of cotton mills.
Since then, Zhang Jian's industrial territory has expanded step by step:
As a result, Nantong became a famous industrial model area in China at that time, and Zhang Jian was known as "the first industrial king in China".
From a top scholar, Hanlin, devoted himself to the industry and commerce that he had never been exposed to, and achieved impressive results.
Zhang Jian successfully completed the unprecedented life transformation of ancient China literati.
Under the guidance of the concept of "saving the country through industry", Zhang Jian gradually built a relatively complete industrial and agricultural chain, formed a national capital group-Sheng Da Capital Group in the southeast coastal area of China, established a national economic system, and reduced imperialist control over China's economy.
Zhang Jian believes that cultivating talents is the premise of industrial and commercial development, while opening schools, introducing western learning, and cultivating and using all kinds of professionals are the foundation of strengthening the country.
Zhang Jian pursued fame in the imperial examination in his early years, painstakingly studied calligraphy, and never gave up all his life.
Sun Xun, a calligraphy theorist, listed Zhang Jian as an important calligrapher in The History of Calligraphy in the Republic of China;
Zhang Jian also attached great importance to calligraphy education. Many schools he founded offered calligraphy classes and trained a group of calligraphy talents.
He also founded Hanmolin Publishing House, an influential printing and publishing institution in modern China. At the same time, it also promoted the exchange and inheritance of modern calligraphy.
In addition, Zhang Jian also founded Nantong Museum to strengthen the centralized protection and exchange of epigraphy, calligraphy and painting, make up for the lack of school education, and make it a place to spread science and popularize knowledge. Thus creating a precedent for China's culture and cultural undertakings.
In addition, Zhang Jian and Ma also established China Book Co., Ltd. with the aim of "protecting China's right to education, promoting civilization and progress, putting an end to outsiders' coveting and eliminating future troubles".
Zhang Jian also bought the property right of Shenbao together with Shi and others, making it an influential newspaper in a short time.
Zhang Jian has advanced development vision, keen business thinking and excellent market management ability. However, he didn't completely act with the profit-seeking businessman's thinking, but took into account social responsibility and cultural beliefs.
When Zhang Jian's industrial territory expanded vigorously and his social prestige was in full swing, a business crisis came unexpectedly and finally defeated him.
1 1 (1922), the cotton textile industry was in crisis.
Japanese counterparts got the support of the Japanese government, which quickly brought down Zhang Jian's Sheng Da Group in the subsequent competition between Chinese and Japanese cotton mills.
However, Zhang Jian failed to seek financial support in many places, resulting in high debts, industrial collapse and irreversible decline.
A few years later, on August 24th, 15 (1926), Zhang Jian died in his hometown of Nantong at the age of 73.
Mr. Zhang Jian had ups and downs in his life, and he was a late bloomer, brave in pioneering and struggling, and achieved fruitful results. He opened up a number of paths that no one had taken before, and became a famous "No.1 scholar industrialist" in the history of China.
In particular, his great feelings of setting up industry to save the country and actively developing education and social welfare undertakings are admirable, and he is also a saint and model of private entrepreneurs in China.
2065438+On March 24th, 2006, China's first 10,000-meter-class special scientific research mother ship "Zhang Jian" was launched in Songmen Town, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province.
# New wave of Chinese painting and calligraphy #