On February15th of the lunar calendar, a great man, Lao Zi, was born in Qurenli, Li Xiang Township, an ancient county of Chu in the east of the world, which is now Taiqinggong Town, Lu Yi City, Henan Province. He was a great philosopher, thinker and founder of Taoist school in ancient China, and was rated as one of the top 100 celebrities in the world today. As we all know, before Laozi, there were only some philosophical viewpoints in the society, and a systematic philosophical theory was formed from Laozi. Therefore, Lu Yi is not only a sacred fairyland, but also the birthplace of oriental philosophy.

The 5,000-word Tao Te Ching left by Laozi is extensive and profound, which is a great treasure of Chinese culture-and the first masterpiece of China's philosophical ontology. Its contents involve philosophy, literature, military science, aesthetics, medicine, sociology, ethics, astronomy, and health preservation, and it is known as an encyclopedia. His theory of inaction, the dialectical theory of the transformation rate of one thing and two things, and the profound philosophy of "harmony between man and nature" have influenced China people's thoughts and behaviors for 2,500 years. As a cultural gene, it permeates people's lifestyles, lifestyles and ways of thinking. It affects China people's world outlook, outlook on life, values, aesthetics, outlook on life and death and other cultural concepts. Tao Te Ching has not only influenced the history of thought for 2,000 years since the Han Dynasty, but also attracted the attention of western thinkers and became one of the world's philosophical treasures. Since ancient times, there have been more than 3,000 critics, and the publishing circulation ranks second in the world. Nowadays, the global "Laozi" is hot, and the study of old learning is unprecedentedly high. In recent years, international Lao Tzu academic seminars have been held in various places. 1993, Germany held an international symposium on Laozi; 1994, Lu Yi held an international symposium on Laozi; 1995, China Academy of Social Sciences held an international symposium on Taoist culture in Xi 'an. Such frequent international activities to study the elderly are unprecedented in history, pushing the study of the elderly to a new stage and reaching a new level.

On the one hand, Laozi's thought has a profound ideological and cultural foundation because it systematically summarizes the cultural traditions since ancient times; On the other hand, on the basis of inheritance, Laozi opened up a new direction of cultural development, and established a philosophical system with Tao as its ontology for the first time in the history of China, which laid a philosophical foundation for the cultural development of China. Laozi's thought has exerted an all-round influence on China culture and has a very positive significance for the development of modern culture. Laozi's greatest contribution in the history of China's philosophy is to point out that metaphysical Tao is the origin and foundation of all things in the universe, and to establish a systematic philosophical thought system with Tao as the core, including ontology, dialectical method, epistemology and philosophy of life. Laozi's ontological thinking and methodological thinking make "Tao" truly become the noblest concept and the most basic motive force in China's thought. From the following aspects, we can see that Laozi's philosophy is the basis of China's traditional philosophy: Taoism in pre-Qin, Taoism in Han Dynasty, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, and the introduction of Taoism, morality, being, nothingness, movement, quietness and infinity. Because Laozi's thought is an ideological system with rich concepts and has many in-depth and accurate views on nature, society and people, it has gained some special theoretical qualities, including many theoretical growth points and different ideological systems. Therefore, the development of modern China philosophy and China culture still needs to learn from Laozi's philosophy. Laozi's wisdom has guiding significance for solving various problems faced by modern human beings. He put forward the category of "Tao" as the root and foundation of life value. Laozi's "Tao" is not only the foundation of all things in the universe, but also the foundation of all things' existence and development. Metaphysical "Tao" has become a way of human behavior and life when it is implemented in the relationship between man and nature, man and society, and man and himself. In the relationship between man and nature, Lao Tzu emphasized the subjectivity of man and the objectivity of natural laws, and advocated that man should obey nature and oppose its plunder. In the relationship between individuals and others, and with groups, Laozi put forward the principle of "indisputable", and advocated solving disputes through setbacks, sharing weal and woe, and opposing fame and gain, so as to achieve harmonious coexistence between people and society. On the self-improvement of individual life, Laozi put forward "the way of long life and long vision". Laozi's thoughts not only have a great influence on the formation and development of China's traditional culture, but also provide positive wisdom for the current and future culture and life of mankind. We should carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the motherland, open up a harmonious world and create a beautiful world.

Confucius (55 1- 479) was a thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child on Niqiu Mountain, they named it Qiuzi. Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province) was born. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, prefaced Zhouyi and wrote Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations.

English translation: Confucius.

Confucius' experience

Confucius said, "Five out of ten, I am determined to learn; I am thirty years old; Forty without confusion; At the age of fifty, I knew my destiny; I am obedient at the age of sixty; I am still obedient at the age of seventy; I didn't cross the line. " This is Confucius' summary of all stages of his life.

Confucius lost his father at the age of 3 and moved to Kuili with his mother Yan Zhizai, where he was taught. When Confucius was young, he was "a child's play, forbidding the army as a gift." . When I was a child, my family was poor. 15 years old was determined to study. The dragon, on the other hand, became a "Commissioner" for managing warehouses and a "farmer" for managing cattle and sheep. He is open-minded and eager to learn, and has no regular teacher. According to legend, he invited Li to learn the truth of being a man from Changhong and the piano from the teacher. At the age of 30, he has become a well-known local scholar, and started a private school under his tutelage. Its ideological core is "benevolence", and "benevolence" means "love". He regards "benevolence" as the norm and purpose of benevolence, so that "benevolence" and "courtesy" can be used mutually. It is advocated that rulers should govern the people with virtue and treat others with courtesy, so as to reproduce the prosperous time of the Western Zhou Dynasty when "rites and music were conquered from the emperor" and realize their ideal of "great harmony".

When Confucius was 35 years old, he left because of civil strife in Lu. In order to get close, he became a vassal of the nobles of Qi State. The following year, Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about political affairs. Confucius said, "A monarch should be like a monarch, a minister should be like a minister, a father should be like a father, and a son should be like a son." Gong Jing appreciated it very much and wanted to use Confucius, but Yan Ying and Qi Xiang stopped him and had to give up. I want to return to Shandong as soon as possible, continue to learn knowledge and train my disciples. 5 1 year-old, served as the governor in the capital of Lu (now a local official in Wenshang West). The result of good governance is "one year, all directions follow". At the age of 52, he was promoted from Zhongduzai to an ordinary scout in Lu. In 500 BC (the tenth year of Lu), Lu and Qi joined forces in Oracle bones, and Confucius put forward that "those who have military affairs must have weapons and those who have military affairs must have documents". Trying to intimidate Lu Jun into submission, Confucius reprimanded him with courtesy, which saved national dignity, so that Qi Huangong had to agree to form an alliance to make peace and return Lu 'an and the three places to Lu. When Confucius was 54 years old, he was entrusted by Ji to take pictures. In order to improve the authority of the monarch, he put forward the idea of "reducing the three capitals" and restraining the three Huan (Dr. Lu San), but the result was opposed by the three doctors and failed. At the age of 55, the monarch and minister of Lu accepted the beauty presented by Qi, and indulged in debauchery all day long. Disappointed, Confucius abandoned his official position and left Shandong, leading his disciples around the world to find another opportunity to display his talents. During this time, he worked for more than 70 emperors, but nothing happened. In 484 BC (eleven years), Ji Kangzi of Lu listened to the persuasion of Confucius disciples and sent someone to pick him up from Weiguo.

Confucius returned to Shandong, although he was honored as the "old man of the country", but he was still not reused. Instead of seeking official positions, he continued to devote himself to education and document arrangement. He trained more than 3,000 disciples in his life, 72 of whom were proficient in six arts (etiquette, music, archery, imperial defense, calligraphy and mathematics). In the teaching practice, the teaching spirit of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, paying equal attention to learning and thinking, drawing inferences from others, inspiring and inducing, never tire of learning and never tire of teaching, and the learning attitude of "knowing what they know, not knowing what they don't know" and "not ashamed to ask questions" are praised by later generations. He deleted poems, wrote books, ordered rites and music, revised Chunqiu, and comprehensively sorted out China's ancient literature. Grow old together with Yi, and reach the realm of "Bian Wei's Three Musts".

At the age of 69, his only son Kong Li died. 7 1 year-old, Yan Hui, a favorite pupil, died of illness. Confucius was extremely sad and sighed: "Heaven has fallen! The sky is lost! " This year, someone caught a monster named Lin in Luxi and died soon. He thought that the appearance and death of Kirin, a symbol of kindness and good fortune, was an ominous sign of chaos in the world, so he stopped compiling the book Spring and Autumn Annals. At the age of 72, I was deeply saddened to learn that my son had died in a national disaster. The following year (479 BC), in February of the summer calendar, Confucius fell ill for 7 days and died.

The main words and deeds of Confucius' life were compiled by his disciples and his disciples into The Analects of Confucius, which became the classics of later Confucianism.

Confucius' family background

The sixth ancestor of Confucius was Kong Fujia, a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He worked as a Fu and was killed in the civil strife in the imperial court. His son Mu fled to Lu to avoid genocide. From then on, Kong settled down in the city and became a Lu native.

Confucius' father is called Ge (a word, and Ge is a name), and his mother is called Yan Zhizai. Shu Lianggan was a famous warrior in Lu at that time. He made two military exploits and worked as a doctor in Qiaoyi. Shu married Shi first, gave birth to nine daughters and no children. He married another concubine and gave birth to a son named Bernie, also named Meng Pi. There was something wrong with Meng Pi's foot, and Shu was very dissatisfied, so he married Yan Zhizai again. At that time, Shu was 66 years old and Yan Zhizai was less than 20 years old.

Confucius gave birth to Kong Li, named Apollo, and lived for 50 years.

Kong Li, who was born with Confucius and Zisi, lived 62 years old. His works have the golden mean and become one of the Confucian classics.

Downloading in turn is:

Compaq, literally, lived for 47 years.

Kong Qiu, Zi Zijia, lived for 45 years.

Kong Ji, a Chinese character, lived for 46 years.

Through the hole, the word is high, and I lived for 5 1 year.

Kong Shen, who lived for 57 years, is from Wei Xiang.

Kong Fu lived to be 57 years old and was a doctor in Chen She.

My nephew Kong Xiang lived to be 57 years old and was a doctor in Hui Di, Han Xiao.

Kong Zhong lived to be 57 years old.

Kong Zhongsheng went down to Kong Wu.

Kong Wu gave birth to Kong Yannian and Kong Anguo.

Kong Anguo was the doctor of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Kong Anguo's son is Kong Ang.

Kong Ang's son is Kong Xiang.

Qufu "three holes"

Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest are world-famous. Confucius Temple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius. It was founded in 478 BC. It was very small, just a temple in the former residence of Confucius. After the Western Han Dynasty, with the continuous sealing of Confucius by emperors, the scale of Confucius Temple also expanded. Confucius House is a huge courtyard, which is actually not the home of Confucius, but the residence of his descendants. Kong Lin is the graveyard of Confucius and his family, covering an area of 200 hectares.

Confucius House: It is the place where descendants of Confucius' hereditary "Duke of Feast" lived for generations, and it is the largest mansion in China after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Now, Confucius House covers an area of more than 240 mu, with 463 halls, halls, buildings, pavilions and other buildings, which are divided into three roads: Zhonghua Road, East Road and West Road. East Road is the temple, West Road is the academy, and Middle Road is the main building. The middle road is bounded by the inner house, which used to be a government office. There are three halls and six halls (lobby, hall 2, hall 3, Guan Gou Hall, Baihu Hall, Zhiyin Hall, Library Hall, Jing Hall and Yue Hall). Behind it is the inner room, with front building, front hall building, back hall building and five back rooms. Finally, the feast duke and his family visited Confucius' garden.

Confucius Temple: The building is magnificent and resplendent, and it is the largest place to worship Confucius in China. The year after Confucius' death (478 BC), Lu Aigong converted his old house into a temple. Since then, successive emperors have continuously sealed Confucius and expanded temples. In the Qing dynasty, Yongzheng ordered an overhaul and expanded it to a modern scale. There are nine courtyards in the temple, which are divided into left, middle and right roads with the north-south axis, with a length of 630m and a width of 140m. There are more than 460 temples, halls, altars and pavilions with 54 doorways. 13 "Imperial Monument Pavilion". Shengji Temple, Ming Tombs Pavilion and Dacheng Hall display a large number of stone inscriptions. In particular, the Han stele preserved here is the largest in China, and there are also many treasures in previous dynasties. The number of steles is second only to Xi 'an stele forest, which is called the second stele forest in China.

Dacheng Hall is the main hall and core of Confucius Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, it was called Wang Wenxuan Hall, with five rooms. During the overhaul in the fifth year of Song Tianxi (AD 102), it was moved to this site and expanded into seven rooms. In the third year of Song Chongning (A.D. 1 104), Zhao Ji, Huizong, took Mencius' meaning: "Confucius is a master", and the next imperial edict was renamed Dacheng Hall, which was rebuilt in the second year of Qing Yongzheng (A.D. 1724), with nine ridges and double eaves, covered with yellow tiles and carved. The temple is 24.8 meters high, 45.69 meters long and 24.85 meters wide. It is located on the foundation of the temple, with a height of 2. 1 m. It is the tallest building in the whole temple and one of the three ancient temples in China.

Xingtan is located in the middle of the aisle in front of Dacheng Hall, which is said to be the place where Confucius gave lectures. There is an old cypress beside the altar, which is called "the old teacher planted cypress". Zhu Lan around Xingtan is surrounded by mountains, crossed with ridges, two layers of yellow tile cornices and double half arches. There are well-carved algae wells and painted golden panlong in the pavilion, among which Qingganlong's "Xingtanzan" imperial tablet. Stone incense burner in front of the pavilion, about 1 m high, is a relic of the Jin Dynasty.

Kong Lin: Located in the north of Qufu, it is a special cemetery for Confucius and his family, and it is also the longest-lasting and largest clan cemetery in the world. Confucius died in April in the sixteenth year (479 BC) and was buried in Si, north of Lucheng. Their descendants were buried from the graves, forming today's Kong Lin. Since Zigong planted trees for Confucius Tomb, there have been more than 10,000 ancient trees in Confucius Forest. Since the Han Dynasty, rulers of past dynasties have rebuilt and added 13 times to Kong Lin, and even opened it to the present scale, with a total area of about 2 square kilometers, surrounded by 5.6 kilometers of forest walls, which are more than 3 meters high and 1 meter thick. Guo Moruo once said: "This is a good natural museum and a chronicle of the Confucius family." .

Qufu Confucius Temple, Confucius Forest and Confucius House (English name: Temple and Cement of Confidence, Qufu Confucius House) were selected into the World Heritage List (No.:200-065438+February). According to the selection criteria of World Cultural Heritage C(I)(IV)(VI),

Evaluation by World Heritage Committee: Confucius was a great philosopher, politician and educator in China during the Spring and Autumn Period from 6th century BC to 5th century BC. Confucius Temple, Cemetery and Mansion are located in Qufu City, Shandong Province. The Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC to commemorate Confucius. It has been destroyed and built for thousands of years, and now it has developed into a building complex with more than 100 halls. Confucius' mausoleum is not only located in Kong Lin, but also more than 654.38 million of his descendants are buried here. The small Confucius House has now expanded into a huge and prominent mansion, which includes 152 halls. The unique artistic and historical features of ancient buildings in Qufu can be attributed to the strong worship of Confucius by Emperor China for more than two thousand years. Confucius Temple, Confucius House, Confucius Forest, World Heritage

Chronology of Confucius

1 year: 55 BC1year (twenty-two years of Lu Xianggong)

Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). Because parents pray for children.

Yuniqiu Mountain, hence its name Qiu, hence its name.

There are two kinds of records about Confucius' date of birth, with a difference of one year. Today, from the historical records of Confucius family.

3 years old: 549 BC (twenty-four years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

His father Liang Shu died and was buried in Fangshan (now 25 miles east of Qufu). Yan Zhi, the mother of Confucius, moved to Qufu with her son.

Quelli's life is very difficult.

5 years old: 547 BC (twenty-six years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

Qin Shangsheng, a native of Shandong, was a disciple of Confucius.

6 years old: 546 BC (twenty-seven years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

Disciple Ceng Dian was born in Braille Xi, the father of Zeng Shen.

7 years old: 545 BC (twenty-eight years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

Disciple Yan Yaosheng, also known as Wu Yaosheng, is Yan Yuan's father.

8 years old: 544 BC (twenty-nine years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

Disciple Ran Gengsheng was born in Lu.

10 years old: 542 BC (thirty-one year of Duke Xiang of Lu)

Disciples Zhong Yousheng, Zi Luzi and Bian Ren.

When Duke Xiang of Lu died, his son Zhou succeeded to the throne for good reasons.

12 years old: 540 BC (the second year of Lu)

Disciple Qi Diaokai was born, and Zi Ruo was born in Cai.

15 years old: 537 BC (five years of Lu)

Confucius learned more and more and realized that he should study hard the skills of being a man and living, so he said, "I am determined to learn five from ten." ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")

16 years old, 536 BC (six years in Lu)

Zheng Zhu executed the tripod.

Disciple Min Shousheng was born in Lu.

17 years old: 535 BC (six years of Lu)

Confucius Yan Zhizhai died.

This year. Ji's family gave a banquet to entertain the first-class aristocrats. Confucius went to the banquet, but yang hu, the home minister of Ji's family, turned him away.

19 years old: 533 BC (the ninth year of Lu)

Confucius married the daughter of an official in the Song Dynasty.

20 years old: 532 BC (the tenth year of Lu)

Guan Qi's son. It is said that this time is just the time to give the carp to Confucius, so he named his son carp, the word Bo fish.

It was in that year that Confucius began to be a Commissioner and manage the warehouse.

2 1 year: 53 BC1year (11th year of Lu Dynasty).

That year, Confucius changed his land to manage animal husbandry. Confucius said, "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise."

(The Analects of Confucius Zi Han) Such "despicable things" should include "entrusting officials" and "occupying farmland".

In 525 BC (the seventeenth year of Lu), he was twenty-seven.

When Tan Zi was facing Lu, Confucius asked Tan Zi about the ancient official system of Tan Guo.

Confucius set up private schools around.

30 years old: 522 BC (twenty years of Lu)

It has been more than 15 years since he was fifteen years old, and Confucius has gained a firm foothold in society through hard work.

Therefore, the cloud "stands at thirty." ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")

1920 and Yan ying visited Lu Qi Jinggong and met Confucius, and discussed with him why Qin Mugong was dominant.

Disciples Yan Hui, ran yong, Ran Qiu, Shang Qu, Liang? Healthy. Yuan, Yong Zi Zhong Gong, You and Qu are all Lu people; ? The word uncle fish, qi people.

3 1 year: 52 BC1year (twenty-first year of Shandong).

Disciples Mashi Wu, Gao Chai and Mickey were born. Zi Zi Shi Zi, Chen Guoren; Chai is tall and Qi is a local. Uneven words are cheap, Lu people.

Thirty-two years old: 520 BC (twenty-two years of Lu)

Disciple Duanmu Ci was born, endowed with tribute, and a patriot.

34 years old: 5 18 BC (twenty-four years of Lu)

Meng and uncle Jing of Nangong learned manners from Confucius.

According to legend, Confucius and Uncle Jingnan of Nangong paid tribute to the old employees and asked them to have fun with Changhong.

35 years old: 5 17 BC (twenty-five years of Lu)

There is civil strife in Lu. "Historical Records Confucius Family" says: "Lead the division to attack (season), attack with the division and uncle, and flee with great defeat." Confucius also went to Qi in this year.

36 years old in 5 16 BC (twenty-six years of Lu)

Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son". Confucius was appreciated by Qi Jinggong. Duke Jing of Jin tried to seal the hole with a field of mud streams, but Yan Zi stopped him.

Confucius was so fascinated by Shao in Qi State that he didn't know the meat flavor in March.

37-year-old: In 5 15 BC (the 27th year of Lu), the doctor of Qi tried to harm Confucius, and Confucius returned to Lu from Qi.

The son of Wu Gongzi was hired, and his son died and was buried between Ying and Bo. Confucius went to see his funeral.

My brother was born in Xu Fan and Yuan County. The word will be late, and Lu Guo will enter; Xian Zisi was born in Song Dynasty.

38 years old: 5 14 BC (twenty-eight years of Lu)

Xianzi (Shu Ming) was in power in Jin and Wei Dynasties, and he promoted talents regardless of personal relationship. Confucius thought it was a righteous act, and the cloud said, "It is righteous to raise your loved ones far away."

At the age of 39, 5 13 BC (twenty-nine years of Lu) was the winter when the tripod was executed. Confucius said, "Zhu Jin died and he lost his mind."

40 years old: 5 12 BC (thirty years in Shandong). After decades of tempering, I have a clear understanding of various problems in life, so I say that I am "forty without confusion".

Disciple Tan Taiming was born. Yu, Lu people.

4 1 year: 5 1 1 year BC (thirty-one years in Shandong)

Disciple Chen. Kang Ziqin, Chen Guoren.

42 years old: 5 10 BC (thirty-two years in Lu)

Zhao Gong pawns and goes public.

Forty-three years old: 509 BC (the first year of Lu)

Gong Xi's brother Chisheng. Thanks to China, Lu people.

Forty-five years old: 507 BC (three years in Lu)

Disciple Shang Bo was born. Shang, a patriotic man.

Forty-six years old: 506 BC (four years in Lu)

Disciple Yan Yan was born. There are swallows, Wu people.

In 505 BC (five years of Lu), he was 47 years old.

Disciples Zeng Shen and Yan. Son of god, Lu people. Fortunately, it is Lu.

Forty-eight years old: 504 BC (six years of Lu)

Yang hu, the retainer of Ji's surname, became increasingly powerful. Confucius called it "accompanying ministers in national life." ("The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi")

"Historical Records Confucius Family" says: "Accompany the minister to govern the country. ..... So Confucius retired as an official to learn poetry, books, rituals and music. He has many disciples, all from afar. "

Yanghu wants to see Confucius, but Confucius doesn't want to see Yanghu and the latter two meet on the road. Yang hu advised Confucius to be an official, but Confucius did not make a clear statement. It should have been done for five years or six years.

Forty-nine years old: 503 BC (the seventh year of Lu)

Teachers, students and disciple Zhuan Sun. Teacher Zhang Zi, Chen Guoren.

50 years old: 502 BC (eight years of Lu)

Claiming to be "fifty knows the destiny." ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")

Gongshan didn't betray Ji's surname for a fee, which made people call Confucius. Confucius wanted to go, but he was blocked by the quilt.

5 1 year: 50 BC1year (nine years in Shandong)

Confucius ruled Zhongdu for one year and achieved remarkable results.

Disciples Ran Lu,,, and Uncle Zhong Huisheng. Lu Ziluzi, Lu Guoren: Ge Xunzi, Cai Guoren: Qian Zizi Analysis, Lu Guoren; High words are arrogant, and Lu people: they must be literate. Lu people.

52 years old: 500 BC (ten years of Lu)

Confucius was promoted to small sikong, and later to big Sikou, taking pictures. In summer, Ding Gong and Qi Hou meet in Oracle bones. Confucius was very alert and prepared to invite Lu Jun to Jiagu in advance, so he not only foiled the plot of hijacking by Qi, but also forced Qi to promise to return the land of Lu 'an, Shaanxi and Shaanxi that invaded Lu.

53 years old: 499 BC (11th year of Lu)

Confucius was Lu Sikou and Lu Zhiguo.

Fifty-four years old: 498 BC (the twelfth year of Lu)

Confucius is a Confucian. In order to weaken the Third Ring Road, measures were taken to capture the three capitals. The purpose of my uncle and supporting Confucius was to weaken the influence of my family, but this action was resisted by my family, and I secretly supported my family. The action of falling into Sandu fell by the wayside.

Disciple Gongsun Longsheng. When the dragon word was written, it came from Chu.

55 years old: In the spring of 497 BC (13th year of Lu), Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu. Ji accepted female music, and the monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing, and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was at odds with Ji's family. Confucius left Shandong to defend the country.

In October, Confucius was injured by slanders and left Weiguo for Chen. Passing through Kuang, surrounded. Later, when Confucius and his disciples were besieged, his uncle rebelled against Wei. Then I went back to Dewey.

In 496 BC (the 14th year of Lu), he was 56 years old.

Confucius was summoned by Wei Linggong's wife Nanzi in Weiguo.

Lutz criticized Confucius for reading Nanzi.

After hearing this news, Confucius was very sad and praised Zi Chan as "the legacy of ancient times".

57 years old: 495 BC (the fifteenth year of Lu)

Confucius went to Julu. In the summer of May, Lu died and was made public.

58 years old: 494 BC (Ai Lu AD).

Confucius lived in Lu, and the State of Wu sent someone to hire Lu to ask Confucius about the "special car for festivals".

59 years old: 493 BC (two years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius went from Lu to Wei. Asked Chen (array) about Confucius, he was politely refused. Confucius couldn't live in Weixi in Weiguo. Go to Guo Song via Cao Guo. Song Sima Huan? I hated Confucius and threatened to hurt him. Confucius walked incognito.

60 years old: 492 BC (three years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius claimed to be "sixty and obedient."

Confucius crossed the State of Zheng and went to the State of Chen. He was separated from his disciples in the capital of Zheng and waited for his disciples to come to him alone at the East Gate. He was ridiculed as "a very rich dog." Confucius smiled happily and said, "Yes, yes!"

6 1 year: 49 BC1year (four years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius abandoned Chen and voted for Cai.

62 years old: 490 BC (five years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius from Cai to Ye. Ye Gong asked Confucius about politics and discussed the moral issues of integrity with Confucius.

On his way back to Cai, Confucius met a hermit

63 years old: 489 BC (six years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius and his disciples were trapped between Chen and Cai. Many disciples fell ill because of hunger and were later rescued by the Chu people. I met a hermit on my way back to Wei from Chu.

64 years old: In 488 BC (seven years), Confucius was in Wei. Advocating to clear one's name before defending the country.

65 years old: 487 BC (eight years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius is defending. That was the year when Wu Wolu was defeated. Confucius' disciples contributed to the war.

66 years old: 486 BC (nine years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius is defending.

67 years old: 485 BC (ten years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius is defending.

Mrs. Confucius died as an official.

68 years old: 484 BC (11th year of Lu Aigong).

In the same year, Qi defeated Lu, and Confucius disciple Ran Youshuai fought against Qi and won. Ji Kangzi asked Ran where his command talent came from. You Ran replied, "Learning is to Confucius". Ji Kangzi sent someone to welcome Kong with money.

Kong 14 travels around the world, which is the end.

Ji Kangzi wanted to be a "land tax", but Confucius opposed it. Confucius said to You Ran, "A gentleman's trip is also a ceremony. Take what is thick, what is thick, and what is thin. If so, the hill will be enough. "

69 years old: 483 BC (12th year of Lu Aigong).

Confucius still had a heart for politics, but it was not used. Confucius continued to engage in education and literature work.

Kong Li, the son of Confucius, died.

70 years old: 482 BC (13th year of Lu Aigong).

Confucius said that "seventy can be done, not exceeding the moment." Yan Hui died, and Confucius was very sad.

7 1 year: 48 BC1year (14th year of Lu Aigong).

That spring, hunting paid off. Confucius thought this was not a good sign and said, "I am poor." So I stopped writing Spring and Autumn Annals.

In June, Qi killed Qi Huangong, and Confucius met with the Third Ring Road and asked Lu to send troops to attack, but he was not supported.

72-year-old: In 480 BC (the 15th year of Lu Aigong), Confucius heard that there was a coup in Weiguo, and he had a premonition that Lutz's life was in danger. Luz was killed. Confucius was very sad.

73 years old: 479 BC (16th year of Lu Aigong).

In April, Confucius fell ill and died. Buried in Lucheng North. Lu Aigong said, "How? I won't hang up every day, and I won't stay when I'm old. I'll regret leaving the screen alone. Alas! Father! No self-discipline. " Many disciples kept the tomb for three years, and Zigong kept the tomb for six years. Hundreds of disciples and Lu people came home from the ancient tomb and named them. Confucius' former residence was changed into a temple, and Confucius was worshipped by people.

On Confucius' Contribution to Education

Confucius, a cultural giant, has been teaching with poems, books, rituals and music since his birth, and has been teaching by example in his great personality. It was he who initiated private lectures in the history of our country and transplanted the phenomenon that cultural knowledge was the patent of nobles to the people. He first put forward the policy of "no class for all", and everyone, whether poor, humble or rich, can be educated there. Disciples are as poor as Yan Hui, as rich as Zigong and as expensive as Meng. However, most of them are children of ordinary people, and some of them have come to defend their country, such as Qi, Chen and Wu, which are really full of peaches and plums. Its teaching purpose is to spread his humanitarian theory. That is, self-denial and courtesy are benevolence, changing students' temperament, achieving personality, improving the realm of life, and finally achieving things. In other words, it is necessary to build a pillar of a country and the world. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and heuristic methods should be adopted to cultivate students' demeanor of "learning without tiredness", "learning without thinking", "thinking without learning is useless", "knowing what they know, not knowing what they don't know", "having a teacher for three people" and "not ashamed to ask questions". What's more, he is a tireless teacher, caring for students like a loving mother, guiding students like strict father, and learning from each other like friends, all of which are due to his talent. Such as Zi Xiao's stupidity, Lu Zeng's participation, Zhang Zi's extreme, and Lutz's vulgarity ... all became great events.