At present, Taiwan Province Province has Manchu courses taught by Professor Zhuang, an adjunct professor in the Department of Ethnic Studies, and has published many Manchu books.
In March 2005, Sanjiazi Manchu School was established.
In June 2005, 65438+ 10/,the Manchu-Tungusic Language Research Association (Student Union) of Harbin Engineering University was incorporated. On June 23rd, 2005, the first compulsory Manchu primary school class started in Harbin Engineering University. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, Professor Zhao Aping from Manchu College of Heilongjiang University was invited to give an academic lecture on the current situation of Manchu. On April 9, 2006, the second compulsory education Manchu primary school class started.
On May 15, 2006, Northeast Agricultural University Manchu Fans Association (Student Union) was incorporated. On May 27th, the first phase of compulsory Manchu primary school started.
In June, 2008, Harbin Vocational College of Science and Technology, located in Acheng District, Harbin, incorporated Manchu into the enrollment scope, becoming the only vocational college in China to offer Manchu secondary school, and plans to enroll 30 students in the first phase.
In April 2009, some media reported that the primary school in Molijie Village, Xiangfang District, Harbin faced the problem of insufficient students after opening Manchu classes for two years.
In September 2009, baishan city Jiangyuan Manchu School was established.
20 1 1, taught in Manchu class of Central University for Nationalities.
20 12 Huanren Manchu Autonomous County of Liaoning Province carried out Manchu teaching in primary schools throughout the county.
20 12 In May, seventh-grade students of Wulajie Manchu Middle School in Jilin City taught Manchu for the first time.
20 12 12 in high school affiliated to renmin university of china, Manchu courses are offered on the basis of student associations. At the end of the same year, after the establishment of Manchu Society in the High School Attached to the National People's Congress, Fushun No.1 Middle School and the High School Attached to Peking University also started related associations and elective courses. 20 10 lunar calendar 10 October 13 is an important festival of Manchu-Golden Festival. A few days ago, some descendants of the Eight Banners held this "National Day" in Beijing through social activities. However, the reporter later visited and found that in Beijing, there are no schools that teach Manchu, and few citizens know Manchu. As a part of China culture, Manchu has declined. The Qing historical data recorded in Manchu are gradually sinking into the long river of history. Manchu language gradually declined in the late Qing Dynasty. By the end of last century, only some old people in Heilongjiang could speak Manchu. At present, with the awakening of Manchu youth's national consciousness, the number of people learning and using Manchu is gradually increasing. The language used by Xibe people is Manchu, but Manchu is a well-preserved national language, so it was once considered as Xibe language.
Zhao Zhiqiang, a member of CPPCC, calls for saving Manchu people. Zhao Zhiqiang said that Manchu is an important tool to study Manchu cultural history. A large number of Manchu documents need to be translated, and the lack of Manchu talents should be paid necessary attention.
Some Manchu people speak Manchu as their mother tongue.
Sanjiazi Village, located in Fuyu County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, was established by Manchu people in Heilongjiang Province during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than 300 years. Sanjiazi Village is the only village in China that retains Manchu, and some elderly people use Manchu as their mother tongue.
There are also people who can speak Manchu in Heihe and Jiayin in the west and north of Heilongjiang.
Beijing Manchu Academy closed.
Baidu map shows that Beijing Manwen Academy is located in Dongtangzi Hutong, No.24 Middle School in Beijing. However, the reporter learned that the only Manchu language teaching institution in Beijing was closed a few years ago.
"At the end of 2003, I decided to close the college." Mr. Jin, the former president of Manchu Academy, mentioned the past and was still deeply moved. Mr. Jin is a descendant of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchu Dynasty. In order to save Manchu, Manchu Academy officially opened in Beijing No.24 Middle School on 1985, and no tuition fees were charged. Originally, I enrolled in one class, but at that time, 200 people signed up. After examination, 90 people were enrolled in two classes.
Sanjiazi Yu Man school
"Yilan Song" is the Manchu Yilan boo, translated as "Sanjiazi" in Chinese, and it is a Manchu village in Fuyu County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. "Sanjiazi" village is a village built by Manchu people in Heilongjiang during Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, which has a history of more than 300 years.
Sanjiazi Village is located in the southwest of Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province, more than 40 kilometers away from Qiqihar City. Qineng Railway passes through its east side, and the famous Nenjiang Sleeve is on the west side. The whole village 107 1 person, more than 65% are Manchu.
At the end of 2005, it was reported on the Internet that Sanjiazi, under the jurisdiction of Fuyu County, Qiqihar City, was preparing to build the first Manchu school in China, and it was confirmed that Sanjiazi Manchu Primary School had started in March 1. At the beginning, the teaching environment of Sanjiazi Manchu School was difficult and the teachers were weak. Through the internet, everyone learned about the three families and received strong support from the vast number of ethnic groups. Sanjiazi Manchu School is developing to a higher level.
Baishan city Manchu school
Baishan city Jiangyuan Manchu School was established in September 2009 relying on baishan city No.3 Middle School. As the Manchu teaching base of Northeast Normal University, it has made great achievements in Manchu teacher training, Manchu teaching and teaching research for primary and secondary school students for more than two years.
There are 4 Manchu teachers and researchers, including 3 Manchu teachers and 1 Manchu music teacher 1 person. The director of the teaching and research section was specially invited as a Manchu lecturer by the School of History and Culture of Northeast Normal University and the Manchu Language and Culture Research Center of Northeast Normal University. Since 20 10, three language classes have been held in the School of History and Culture of Northeast Normal University.
In terms of teacher training, under the guidance of the District Education Bureau, baishan city Jiangyuan District will offer Manchu teacher training every winter and summer vacation. In the process of teacher training, I have accumulated rich experience in Manchu teaching and formed a set of adult Manchu teaching system.
History of manchu is very short.
Mr. Jin told reporters that Manchu is a kind of pinyin. History of manchu has a long history, but Manchu appeared late. It was not until 1599 that Nurhachi ordered the Manchu language to be changed from Mongolian to Mongolian that the so-called "old Manchu" appeared.
1632, Huang taiji ordered Manchu writers to improve the old Manchu script, adding dots on the right side of letters to distinguish syllables from letters, and absorbing Chinese language elements to create syllables for spelling loanwords. This writing is called new Manchu.
In order to consolidate and strengthen feudal rule, Emperor Qianlong ordered Confucian officials to draw up Manchu seal script. Since then, many precious documents have been copied by Manchu seal.
According to Mr. Jin, many top secret documents of the Qing court were written in Manchu, so the significance of studying Manchu in the study of Qing history can be seen.
The emergence and decline of Manchu in Zhao Zhiqiang is only a few hundred years. This short development process is inseparable from cultural integration.
Manchu is mainly used for research.
In Mr. Jin's home, Manchu calligraphy and Manchu research monographs can be seen everywhere. Teacher Jin said that Manchu has declined, and Manchu is basically only used in the research field.
Manchu Institute of Beijing Academy of Social Sciences is the only Manchu research institution in China. The reporter learned that several young doctors are working hard to promote Manchu studies.
Dai Xiao, an assistant researcher, is the only Manchu doctor in the institute. He specializes in Manchu. Dai Xiao once went deep into the rural areas of Qiqihar to record the Manchu language used by the local elderly. "That is the oldest Manchu. Only a few people can say that they took away those precious Manchu when they left. "
Dai Xiao and another Manchu doctor in the Institute are translating and sorting out Manchu documents. This is a huge project, which requires researchers to endure loneliness.
According to Mr. Jin, there are more than 9 million files of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China No.1 Historical Archives, including only 3,600 files of archives of ming dynasty, and the rest are Manchu or Manchu Qing Dynasty files. The Manchu Library of the Palace Museum also has more than16,000 books. In addition, many libraries all over the country also have books in Manchu. Manchu archives are a rich treasure house, but there are few Manchu talents.
Zhao Zhiqiang, director of Manchu Institute of Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, said that Manchu has left an important page in the history of China, and studying history of manchu and culture is of great significance for studying the history and culture of China. Manchu is an important tool to study Manchu cultural history. To rescue Manchu, we should first carry forward Manchu culture. People often ask Mr. Jin for advice. Old people like to write in Chinese and Manchu. In Mr. Jin's home, a Manchu word "shou" often arouses guests' curiosity. Even in the eyes of professional researchers like Dai Xiao, it is enviable to know Manchu calligraphy.
According to Teacher Jin, some Manchu fans have set up Manchu Corner to learn Manchu. "This shows that Manchu learning is still in demand in society." Teacher Jin believes that learning Manchu is inseparable from the promotion of Manchu culture. If more exhibitions of Manchu culture are held in the society to arouse visitors' interest, they will also be interested in Manchu. Both Mr. Jin and the director attended the get-together party of the Golden Autumn Festival, believing that it is of great significance to promote the development of Manchu culture.
But in any case, the original Manchu has been far away from public life. Most of the original Manchu culture stays in the distant history, and the rescue of Manchu is to keep a key to open history. Zhao Zhiqiang said that there are many Manchu documents to be translated, and we need to put more efforts into the rescue work.