From ancient times to Qin and Han dynasties
More than 350,000-600,000 years ago, there lived apes in Nanjing. Nanjing ape-man fossils were unearthed in Tangshan Paleolithic cultural site, which is the earliest relic of human life in Nanjing. More than 200 Neolithic sites dating back more than 6,000 years have been discovered in Yinyangying, north of Gulou Gang, and Qimiao, Taowu Township, Jiangning District, and a large number of stone-bone pottery and daily utensils have been unearthed.
3 100 years ago, Nanjing was the fief of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the first year of Zhou Lingwang (57 1 BC), the State of Chu had established Tangyi in Liuhe District, which was the earliest place with historical records in Nanjing and the beginning of the construction of Nanjing City. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (around 495 BC), Fu Cha, the king of Wu, built a smelting city and set up a handicraft workshop for smelting and casting bronzes in the present Tiangong area. In the fourth year of Zhou Yuanwang (472 BC), after the state of Yue destroyed Wu, the city of Yue was built thousands of miles outside the gate of China today. In the "Danyang Ji", there is a description of "Licheng Jinling, living in the ancient Yuecheng". People regard this as the beginning of the Nanjing city wall, which has been 2485 years since. In 333 BC, Chu Weiwang Xiong Shang built Jinling City in Stone Town, hence the name Jinling. Later, when Qin Shihuang visited the south, Jinling was changed to Moling County; Starting from Jinling area, the equator crossing the southeast of Jiangsu and the northeast of Zhejiang was built.
In the early Han Dynasty, Moling was the fief of Han Xin, the king of Chu, and Liu Bi, the king of Wu. 128 years ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established his son as Danyanghou, Liu Xu as Huhou and Moling Hou.
Six dynasties period
/kloc-in 0/95, Sun Ce crossed the river and occupied Danyang, Jiangcheng, Hushu and Moling counties. Around 208 years ago, Zhuge Liang sent messengers to Jiangdong to observe the beautiful scenery of Nanjing's mountains and rivers, and made a famous comment that "Zhong Pan, Shi Hu resides". 2 1 1 year, Sun Quan listened to Zhang Hong, a counselor, and moved from Jingkou to Moling, renamed Jianye. In 229, Sun Quan climbed to the top, becoming Wu Dadi, the capital of Jianye since Wuchang, and the beginning of Nanjing as the capital. Wushitoucheng site is located between Caochangmen and Qingliangmen in the west of Nanjing. Sun Quan built a huge seagoing ship here, with five floors and four sails. In 230 AD, generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi were sent to Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Province) with 10,000 troops, and were also sent to Liaodong and Koguryo (Koryo, whose capital was Ji 'an City, Jilin Province, and moved to Pyongyang in 427 AD). Since then, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties have successively established their capitals here, so Nanjing is called "the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties".
In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out Wu, and the reconstruction industry was Jianye. Later, in order to avoid the Jin emperor Sima Ye, it was renamed Jiankang. Si Marui, the king of Langtong, crossed the south, based on health. In 3 17, Si Marui acceded to the throne, which was the capital of Jiankang for the formal establishment of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 420, Emperor Wu of Song acceded to the throne for the health of Song Wudi and Song Liguo. In 479, Xiao Daocheng succeeded to the throne, built health for Emperor Gao of Qi, and established the state of Qi and the health capital. In 502, it replaced the state of Qi and built health for Liang and Du. In 557, it replaced Liang Wei and Jiankang.
The culture of Jiankang Capital in the Six Dynasties was splendid. Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, Zhong Rong's Poems, Zhao Ming's Selected Works, Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Pei Songzhi's Notes on the Three Kingdoms, Shen Yue's Book of Songs and Xiao Zixian's Book of Southern Qi are all China literature. The capital is rich in gold and paper, which is developing very rapidly. There are about 280,000 residents, and there are more than 654.38+10,000 monks and nuns in the city for a long time. Liang Wudi was a temple slave for Tongtai Temple four times. The Buddhist temple is extremely grand and large-scale, and it is often said that "riding a horse to close the mountain gate". In the Tang Dynasty, Du Mu lamented that "there were 480 temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there were many pagodas in the misty rain".
Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen were also called the Six Dynasties, so Nanjing was called the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Today, Nanjing Library retains the ruins of Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties. Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties was the largest city in the world at that time, with a population of one million. It is the first city in the world with a population of over one million. Its developed economy and prosperous culture preserved the ancient Jiangnan culture in China. The culture of the Southern Dynasties headed by Jiankang, together with Nanjing and Rome in the Six Dynasties, is called "the two centers of world classical civilization" and has a far-reaching influence in human history. The Six Dynasties inherited the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Sui and Tang Dynasties
In February 589, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, invaded Taicheng, and captured him and his two concubines alive from the well downstairs in Jingyang. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ordered the leveling of Jiankang City, taking Shitou Town as Jiangzhou capital, and Yang Di changed it to Danyang County.
Since then, the rulers of Sui and Tang Dynasties have successively adopted the strategy of restraining Nanjing, moved Yangzhou administrative office from Jinling to Guangling, and once cancelled the establishment of Nanjing State. Jinling is in the contradiction between the deliberate suppression and devaluation of its capital by the northern court and the continuous development of economy and culture, but it is still one of the economic and cultural centers in southeast China, where great poets such as Li Bai, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu and Li Shangyin once lived and visited. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Du and Fu owned the rebels to occupy Danyang County, surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, and changed Danyang into a naturalized place in the Tang Dynasty. Du was detained when he entered the DPRK, and Fu Gongyou rebelled and established the Song regime. Jiangnan, Tang Ping, is a rising country.
In 758, the famous calligrapher Yan Zhenqing was appointed as the secretariat of Shengzhou. The following year, he set up a monument for the release pool of Wulongtan, and the site has been up to now. Li Bai lived in Shengzhou in his later years and died in Dangtu, southwest of Nanjing in 762. In 783, due to the rebellion of the buffer region, Tang Dezong intended to move the capital, and Han Kun, the town navy division, rebuilt Jinling, but failed.
Five dynasties period
In the Five Dynasties, Yang Wu and Guo Li built Jinling, thinking it was the western capital. In 937, Xu Zhimo (Li Bian) replaced Wu, founded the country in Nantang, made Jinling its capital, and changed Jinling House to jiangning house.
Song dynasty
In 975, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty, and jiangning house was promoted to the state. 10 18 years, with Zhao Huizi (later renamed), he became the crown prince and was promoted to jiangning house. Zhao Zhen acceded to the throne for Song Renzong. Jiangning is a prosperous place, and trusted ministers (such as Bao Zheng) are often the prefects of Jiangning. Song Shenzong and Wang Anshi went to Jiangning twice to serve as the prefect and presided over the political reform. 1 120 years, Fang La fought against the Song Dynasty, but failed to seize Jiangning from the north and control Jiangnan, leading to ultimate failure.
1 127, Song Gaozong acceded to the throne, accepted the suggestion of the hawkish Li Gang, and changed jiangning house to Jiankang House as the east capital. Shortly after the nomads from the south, the emperor fled south and arrived in Hangzhou. 1 137, at the insistence of Yue Fei and others, Song Gaozong returned to Jiankang Capital again, and Yue Fei defeated the nomads from Niushou Mountain in the southern suburbs. 1 138, Song Gaozong once again fled to Hangzhou as the capital of "Xiu De, regardless of risks", and officially established its capital, changing Hangzhou to Lin 'an Prefecture. Jiankang House is the capital.