Zhang Weihua persisted in finishing college for five years, graduated from the Department of History and Politics of cheeloo university in the summer of 1928, and then came to teach in Jimei Middle School. It was not easy to find a job at that time. Zhang Weihua worked very hard, and the teaching effect was very good, which was very popular with students. A year later, cheeloo university hired me to go back to school as a teaching assistant. Two years later, 193 1, I went to yenching university for postgraduate study. At that time, the yenching university Institute concentrated many celebrities. For example, Chen Yuan was the president of Fu Jen Catholic University and the director of China Institute of Yanda University. Both Mr. Gu Jiegang and Mr. Hongye once taught here. Because of their learning methods, I took their courses. This prompted Zhang Weihua to make up his mind to embark on the road of studying history. Beijing Library and Yanda Library are rich in books, which is an extremely favorable condition. At that time, I was over 30 years old, and I couldn't help sighing that it was too late, but I still seized the opportunity and studied hard. Two years later, Zhang Weihua published his first academic paper, entitled "Investigation of Portuguese Ambassador to China between Ming Zhengde and Germany", which attracted the attention of the famous French sinologist pelliot and introduced it in an article. This strengthened my determination to do historical research. 1933 After graduation, he completed his master's thesis "Notes on Ming Dynasty and Lanyi", which was appreciated by Mr. Hongye and published by Harvard Yanjing Society the following year. This book has170,000 words. 1982 When Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House reprinted it, its title was changed to Notes on Biography of Four European Countries in Ming History. In the past official history, although there were many foreign biographies, there was never a European biography. Biographies of several European countries in the history of the Ming Dynasty are obviously a reflection of direct contact between China and western countries, indicating that the economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West have entered an important period. Therefore, Zhang Weihua began to annotate the four European countries in the Ming History by referring to relevant Chinese and foreign classics and imitating the style of Pei Songzhi's Notes on the History of the Three Kingdoms. In the process of annotation, I used three methods: traceability, compilation and comparison. 1933 after graduation, Zhang Weihua still returned to cheeloo university to teach. At that time, there were only five or six teachers in the whole department, and I taught many courses, including the history of China and the history of the world. After teaching, do some research as much as possible. When I was reading Records of the Sun, I saw Gu's account of the Great Wall of Qi, which was very enlightening. I read a lot of local chronicles, consulted other branch secretaries, and wrote the article "Examination of the Great Wall of Qi", which was well received by Gu Jiegang. Then I wrote the Great Wall of Wei, the Great Wall of Zhao, the Great Wall of Yan, the Great Wall, the Great Wall after the reunification of Qin, the Chu Fangcheng and the Han frontier. Later, Zhonghua Book Company published an integrated book. In this book, I not only use a lot of literature, but also use some information from field trips. I have been to Wuyuan County and He Lin County in Hetao, visited Gaoque, the end of Zhao Great Wall, and visited the Ming Dynasty wall in Zhangjiakou. This field trip played an important role in writing this book. From 65438 to 0936, at the invitation of Gu Jiegang, Zhang Weihua went to work at the Gong Yu Institution in Beijing and edited the bimonthly Gong Yu. Teacher Gu also gave me a director's name and put me in charge of internal and external affairs. I took advantage of my work to visit other places many times. For example, I have been to Hetao, which is sparsely populated, and I deeply feel that this is a good place to be developed urgently. Since the Qing Dynasty, many people have noticed this, among which Tongchun Wang is the most noteworthy. He once concentrated many people to build water conservancy projects here, which greatly changed the local appearance. I visited his family, and after returning to Beijing, I wrote an Interview with Tongchun Wang, published it in Gong Yu, and edited the special issue of Hetao Water Resources Survey. This kind of investigation not only broadens our horizons, but also finds major issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and can also confirm some records in books. This makes me feel that the ancients advocated reading thousands of books and taking Wan Li Road, which is really the essence of learning. The Lugouqiao Incident occurred in 1937, and the Beijing-Tianjin riots took place. Zhang Weihua left Beijing to teach at Henan University. At that time, Xiao Yishan was the dean of the College of Literature of Henan University, and Zhang Weihua had more contacts with him. While teaching, Zhang Weihua is the editor-in-chief of Shi Jing magazine in the Shi Jing Institution he founded. Soon, the situation in Kaifeng was tense, and Zhang Weihua moved to Jigongshan with Henan University, then moved to Wuhan, and then dissolved. Zhang Weihua went to Chongqing with several colleagues, but he couldn't find a suitable job at the moment, so he lived a wandering life.

1In the autumn of 938, I went to Kunming with Xu, when they moved to Beijing Research Institute in Kunming to do research.

1in the autumn of 939, Zhang Weihua returned to teach in cheeloo university, which had moved to Chengdu at that time. Many universities moved to Chengdu at that time. Huaxi dam missionary schools include Huaxi, Yanjing, Jinling Women's University and Qilu. In addition to teaching, Mr. Zhang Weihua and Mr. Gu Jiegang also presided over the work of the China Institute in cheeloo university, which gathered more than 20 famous domestic scholars such as Yang Xiangkui and Hu Houxuan. We also recruited more than 20 graduate students and worked out a plan to sort out the twenty-four histories. The work of the institute has had a great influence at home and abroad, and it has almost become an academic center in southwest China. The Institute has edited and published The Responsibility of Kindness and The Bulletin of Cultural Studies in China, which has become an important garden for everyone to publish their research results. Zhang Weihua worked in the Department of History and Society of cheeloo university for five years, first as an associate professor, then as a professor, and once served as the head of the department. Zhang Weihua has successively offered courses such as the history of Qin and Han Dynasties, the general history of China, and the history of Chinese and Western communications. In terms of research, I mainly focus on the traffic between China and the West in Qin and Han Dynasties and Ming and Qing Dynasties. About the Qin and Han Dynasties, I have written papers such as "Great Examination on the Protection of the Western Regions" and "Study on the Establishment Time of the Four West Counties in Hanshui". Most of these papers were later included in Hanshu Yiwenzhi and published by Qilu Bookstore. In terms of communication between China and the West in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in addition to several papers, Zhang Weihua also wrote a draft of "The History of Europeans Travelling East and Learning East in the Ming and Qing Dynasties". There were dozens of lithographs as teaching materials for students at that time. After the Cultural Revolution, Qilu Bookstore was willing to publish this book for me. Chao, a graduate student, compiled and wrote a chapter on Chinese-Western Communication in the Early Qing Dynasty, renamed it A Brief History of Chinese-Western Relations in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was published by Qilu Bookstore. This book is divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower. Write traffic on the website to describe the early contacts between Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain and China; Religion, describing the missionary process of Catholicism (especially Jesuits) in China 3. Write about culture and describe the process and influence of the introduction of western culture into China. Among them, the second part is the focus of this book. The cultural exchange between China and the West in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is not only a great event in the history of China, but also a great event in the history of the world. However, it is mixed with colonialism and religious factors, so it is difficult to identify and judge its nature and function, which has always been controversial. Especially in the period when "Left" thoughts dominated, this field became a forbidden area. But historians should face up to the reality and make an objective and fair evaluation of this history. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese and Western cultures had direct contact and mutual agitation, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's history. This is not only the direct contact between the two civilizations of the East and the West, but also the first confrontation between two different social systems in the historical development stage. It brings vitality as well as crisis. Subjectively, the purpose of Jesuits coming to China is to spread Catholic teachings and enslave the Chinese nation spiritually. I studied in a missionary school for a long time and once believed in the Jesuits. They traveled all over China, from the capital to the interior, building churches, schools and hospitals and helping to carry out religious activities. This kind of religious activity permeates all social strata in China, and some Jesuits are also engaged in collecting information about China. The activities of missionaries aroused the concern and strong opposition of China scholar-officials, and even imposed sanctions. The ritual struggle during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty and the prohibition of religion since then concentrated on the fierce struggle between China literati and missionaries. But objectively speaking, besides negative factors, there are also some positive factors. Jesuits introduced western culture to China, which promoted the cultural exchange between China and the West. For example, the knowledge of astronomy, mathematics, physics, medicine, geography, machinery manufacturing in the west is undoubtedly a breeze for China literati who are still addicted to the Four Books and the Five Classics. It broadens the horizons of China intellectuals and enriches the content of China culture. At the same time, with the Jesuits as the intermediary, China's academic culture was introduced into Europe one after another, which also played a positive role in western society. In the preface to the new publication, I specifically mentioned that the exchange of human culture is the only process of the development of human society and the only way for all countries and nations to move from division to harmony, unity and peace. This is why I wrote this article, paying special attention to the cultural exchange between China and the West. Judging from China's own history, China is a multi-ethnic country. For thousands of years, the cultures of all ethnic groups have played an important role in mutual integration. Today, great changes have taken place in the culture of brotherly nations, eliminating the barriers between them and becoming a close ethnic family. I think, although human society is divided now, in the future, we will still take the road of peace, just like China. From 65438 to 0944, Zhang Weihua left Chengdu to teach at Baisha Women's Normal College for Nationalities. The school was built on barren hills and slopes, with no working conditions and almost stopped research work. After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the school moved to Chongqing in the summer of 1946. After working there for two years, the situation was chaotic and it was impossible to carry out research work.

1948, I left Chongqing and returned to cheeloo university. At that time, cheeloo university had moved to Yun Qi Temple in Hangzhou. Besides teaching, do some work to revise the old draft. The following year, after the national liberation, I returned to Jinan with my school. In addition to teaching, I am also the dean of the Faculty of Arts and the head of the Department of History.

Cheeloo university was dissolved on 1952, and Zhang Weihua was assigned to work in Shandong University. In the following 30 years, whether from Qingdao to Jinan, from Jinan to Qufu, or from Qufu to Jinan, Zhang Weihua has been working as a teacher in Shandong University. Great changes have taken place in the past 30 years. Both teaching and research should use new methods and be guided by Marxism-Leninism. I can't keep up for a while. During this period, I have organized lectures and written articles, most of which belong to general history and system, and I am a beginner in graffiti, so I can't say that I have studied it. Generally speaking, Zhang Weihua's academic research road can be divided into two periods: first, before liberation, he took the old road and really spent a lot of effort and wrote something; First, after liberation, although I didn't learn to take the road of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought's guidance, my horizons widened and I accepted some new things and new learning methods. Although I didn't make any achievements, it was good for me. At the same time, I feel that what I learned in the past is not completely useless. Without such an old foundation, it is difficult to do research with new methods. He retired on 1973. Shortly after the end of the Cultural Revolution, Zhang Weihua schools resumed operation, mainly engaged in training graduate students. Zhang Weihua's principle of cultivating graduate students is eight words: one is character, and the other is knowledge. Generally speaking, people come to graduate school mainly to learn knowledge. How can they put personality first? I told them that a person with bad conduct can't learn well. Personality and learning seem to be not necessarily related, but in fact they are closely related. For example, a person always wants to be opportunistic and let him learn, and he will never work hard. No matter what field you study, if you don't work hard, you always want to be opportunistic and never learn well. In addition, many people will become teachers after graduation. A qualified university teacher should not only impart knowledge to students, but also influence students with his own personality. This kind of influence seems to be invisible, but it actually exists. In a sense, the influence of an excellent university teacher's personality strength is more important than the imparting of knowledge, which determines the students' life path. How to gain a foothold in the world after graduation often depends on the excellent teachers in your mind. If our teachers can set such an example for students in character, our education will be a great success. It is for this reason that I am famous for my strict requirements for graduate students. Not only in terms of personality, but also in terms of grades. I have hardly given them "excellent" and "good" are not easy to get. In fact, it is irresponsible to give an "excellent" score. Although I am strict with them, there is a deep affection between our teachers and students. They also know that strict requirements are conducive to their progress. After the implementation of reform and opening up, all aspects have developed rapidly, and China society has entered the best period in history. The unfair treatment of Zhang Weihua in 1957 has also been completely corrected. Besides taking graduate students, he also sorted out some old manuscripts, and some of Zhang Weihua's thoughts were written and published one after another. Zhang Weihua is never too old to learn.