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What are the four major libraries in Qing Dynasty?
Since the Zhou Dynasty, there have been official posts in ancient China dedicated to collecting classics. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, private collections appeared. After several dynasties, China's private book collection reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty, with 2,082 recorded book collectors. Among them, Changshu Qushi Qintie Copper Sword Building, Liaocheng Shi Yang Haiyuan Pavilion, Hangzhou Shi Ding 8,000 Juan Building and Gui 'an Lushi Songli Building are also called "Four Treasures of the Late Qing Dynasty".

Tieqin Tongjian Tower

Located in Zhenxi Street, Changshu City, it was founded in the reign of Qing Qianlong, and its founder was Qu. Qu (1772- 1836) was born in Changshu. "Watching music, buying four books and looking for stones. Over the past ten years, it has accumulated more than ten thousand copies of 10. Jirui and Ai Ri in the city were abandoned when they were fighting for savings. You re-elected the rare books of the Song and Yuan Dynasties as world treasures, and you chose five out of ten and checked Jia, so it is a Wuzhong because of its rich collection of books. " Qu, the son of Qu, especially likes inscriptions. He once got a lyre and a bronze sword, so the library was named lyre and bronze sword building. Qu, the third generation descendant of Qu, and Qu, the fourth generation descendant of Qu, went through many twists and turns and even risked their lives to preserve the essence of books. After the founding of New China, Qu Jicang, Qu Xuchu and Qu Fengqi donated about 4,000 volumes of 600 kinds of books to the central government, which are now in the National Library.

Haiyuange

Shi Yang House, located in the southwest corner of Liaocheng, Shandong Province, was founded by Yang Yizeng in the 20th year of Daoguang (1840). Yang Yi Zeng (1787-1856), whose real name is Tang Zhi and whose real name is Dongqiaoxi, died in Liaocheng, Shandong. He loved books all his life and collected them extensively during his tenure in various places. Yang Shaohe, the son of Yang Yi Zeng, further enriched the library of Haiyuan Pavilion. Yang Shaohe (1830- 1875), whose real name is Yanhe, is good at identifying ancient books. When he was in Beijing, he specialized in book acquisition. Once he found it, he bought all the precious books and school notes. Yang Shaohe wrote down the lines, layout, predecessors' postscript, seals and other details of the rare books of Song and Yuan Dynasties as inscriptions, compiled them into five volumes of Notes to the Book and four volumes of the sequel, and spread them around the world. Later, it was passed down by Yang and Yang Jingfu. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Haiyuan Pavilion had 3,236 kinds of books with more than 208,300 volumes. The books in Haiyuan Pavilion were destroyed many times after the war, and most of them were lost. So far, only a small part of Haiyuange's books have been transferred to the National Library and Shandong Library.

Song Li Building (finished, meaning: 200)

Located in Xing Wu, Zhejiang. The owner Lu Xinyuan (1834-1894) is the father just now. His name is Cunzhai, and his name is the old man who sneaked into the park at night. Gui 'an (now Huzhou) people. I like reading when I was young, and my qualifications are extraordinary. During the official period, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Second Opium War, the society was extremely turbulent, and many private books in Jiangnan area were scattered one after another. Being rich and knowledgeable, Liu Xinyuan took the opportunity to buy a large number of rare books. The largest part of Lu Xinyuan's collection comes from Yijiatang, a boutique in Shanghai Library, which is called "the quintessence of Chinese culture is concentrated in the capital of the lake, just like the yellow flower garden when it is withered and thin". Books of Tongzhi Family Hall were distributed, and Lu Xinyuan bought about 4,800 copies. In addition, around Lu, he also bought famous works such as Yan Tong Jun Tang and Chen Dai Jing Tang in Fujian. By the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), Lu Xinyuan's collection had reached150,000 volumes. Among them, there are many rare books of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and there are still uncollected books of Sikuquanshu, which is the hope of Jiangnan. Lu Xinyuan claimed to have bought more than 200 books of the Song Dynasty, so he named the library "Songsonglou", and there were also100,000 volumes, which were reserved for the late Ming Dynasty. Shouxian Pavilion stored general books and collected more than 200,000 volumes in three places. It's a pity that the collections of the library, the 100,000-volume library and the Shouxian Pavilion were all sold by Lu Xinyuan's son to the Japanese Mitsubishi Jingjiatang Library in the 33rd year of Guangxu reign (1907).

Ba Qian Juan Lou

Located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Shi Ding's book collection began in Ding Guodian, and was later managed by Ding Shen and Ding Bing, and gradually enriched. Ding Shen (1824- 1887), the word bamboo boat. Ding Bing (1832- 1899), also known as Jiayu, devoted himself to book collection all his life. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the library of Wenlange in Hangzhou was scattered because of the war. The two brothers took great risks to preserve and supplement the books published by Wen Lan Ge, and finally restored the original appearance of Wen Lan Ge's Sikuquanshu. On the other hand, Shi Ding brothers also buy books extensively, "scrimping and saving, seeking for the future, far away from the capital, recently surpassing wuyue, far away from abroad, or buying or copying, along with the school, accumulating 20 years and gathering 80,000 volumes." It is characterized by a large number of Ming Dynasty works, which are still well preserved in Nanjing Library.