Edit the introduction of this paragraph.
& lt Historical Records is a biographical history. Book 130, including biographies 12, forms 10, 8 books, 30 families, 70 biographies, 5265 15 words. The main body is biographies and biographies. A *** 130, with more than 526,500 words, records the history of more than 3,000 years from the time of Huangdi (about 3000 BC) in ancient Chinese legends to the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (122 BC). Sima Qian, the author, made Historical Records the first biographical general history in the history of China with his historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, linking the changes from ancient times to modern times and forming a family statement". As a general history, it is different from the previous historical books such as Spring and Autumn Annals and Warring States Policy, and only records the historical facts of a certain period. But recorded from Xuanyuan to the early years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which lasted for 3,000 years. All-encompassing, comprehensive, clear-cut, ups and downs are clear, and the discussion is done ("Taishi Gongxu").
It records the political, economic, military and cultural development of ancient China. Historical Records had a far-reaching influence on the development of later historiography and literature. His biographical method of compiling history was passed down by the "official history" of later generations. Known as the first of the "twenty-four histories". As a biographical style, it is different from the chronological style used in previous history books, or the national style limited by the region, but reflects the historical content with biography as the center. This is a pioneering work with far-reaching influence in the history of historical style. From then on, from Han Shu written by Ban Gu to the Draft of Qing History in the early years of the Republic of China, the history revised in the past two thousand years, although individual names have been supplemented and changed, the most important disciplines and biographies have all followed the style of Historical Records and become a tradition. At the same time, Historical Records, as an excellent literary work, occupies an important position in the history of China literature. It is praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme", which has high literary value. However, due to the limitations of the times, Sima Qian also has some shortcomings and deficiencies. For example, there is a mysterious thought of "destiny", a disaster, and a historical cycle theory. When discussing the reasons why Qin was merged into the world, the Preface to the Chronology of Six Kingdoms pointed out that this was the result of "God's help". In the Book of the Official, when describing various special natural phenomena, it is often associated with personnel, showing more mysterious thoughts of disasters. All these show that Historical Records did not completely get rid of the influence of the theological thought of "the connection between man and nature" when studying the relationship between man and nature.
author
Sima Qian (BC 145 ~ 90) was a historian, thinker and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Zi Chang was born in xia yang (now Nanluo Town, hancheng city City, Shaanxi Province) and talked about Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi Province). In his early years, he studied Chunqiu from Dong Zhongshu and Shangshu from Kong Anguo. He wrote eight poems by Sima Qian in Historical Records and Records. There is a volume of Sima Qian's book collection in Economic Annals of Sui Shu. Sima Qian was born in Longmen in 145 BC (the fifth year of Emperor Han Jing). The other said that he was born in 135 BC. BC 140 years (the first year of Emperor Jian Yuan), at the age of 6, his father Sima Tan was appointed as Taishiling. Preface of Taishi Gong: "Talking about Taishi Gong is between Jianyuan and Yuanfeng. Taishigong is in charge of Tianguan and does not treat the people. " According to Records of the Historian and Preface to Taishi Gong, Sima Tan always wanted to write a systematic history book according to the spirit of Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals. Unfortunately, he only made some preparations and died in Luoyang. Before he died, he gave his ideal career to his son. Sima Qian served as Taishi Gong and was in charge of the historiographer during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He must read a lot of books. At the same time, in order to fulfill his father's wishes, he wrote historical records. Sima Shi is a world official and has served as an official. Sima Qian's historical creation lasted from the beginning to the end, with 130 articles, which ended after his death. Historians agree that Sima Tan participated in the creation of several pages, but judging from the contribution of content, brushwork and style, this book was basically created by Sima Qian. Although it lacked ten thousand words, it largely retained its original appearance. As early as the age of 20, Sima Qian left Chang 'an, the capital city, and traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers to inspect historical sites on the spot, and learned many anecdotes about historical figures, local customs and economic life in various places. It is of great help to compile historical records in the future. Historical Records was originally named Taishi Gongshu, and it was called Historical Records after the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. I also refer to many ancient books, such as Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin, Shi Ben, Warring States Policy, Chu and Han Dynasties, A Hundred Schools of Thought contend, as well as archives and folk ancient books.
trait
Exquisite narrative art
1. Five people will understand. Synthesizing all kinds of styles in the history books of the previous generation, the general history of biographical style was founded. Eight books, ten watches, twelve biographies, thirty biographies, and seventy biographies form a horizontally staggered comfortable structure. 2. The characters have both names and facts, which echo each other. Biographies at all levels in Historical Records are arranged in chronological order, but they also take into account the internal relations between biographies and follow the principle of similar items. 3. Tracing back to the source, the details are slightly harvested. 4. Clear organization.
Wonderful characterization
1. Civilians attack. 2. Distinctive personality. 3. Multidimensional perspective. 4. Side by side. The coordinate form, also called "mutual form", focuses on his main characteristics in a biography, while other personality characteristics are displayed in other people's biographies. For example, Biography of Emperor Gaozu mainly describes the history of Liu Bang's development with strange colors, as well as his great talent, knowledge of people and good responsibility, but his weaknesses are not fully displayed. However, in other people's biographies, people can see other aspects of Liu Bang's image.
Tragic style characteristics
1. Macro picture and profound significance. 2. Strong tragic atmosphere. 3. A powerful legend.
Ten famous articles
Liang Qichao's "Ten Masterpieces" in Historical Records are: Historical Records by Zhonghua Book Company.
Dajiangdong went to the King of Chu to spread overseas —— Biography of Xiang Yu, Corporal Li Xian awed Kyushu —— Biography of Xinlingjun, Biography of Men and Women, Biography of Great Britain —— Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Biography of Powerful People without Resilience —— Biography of Zou Yang, Biography of Lv Zhonglian, Tragedy of Genius and Wizardry —— Biography of Hou Huaiyin and officialdom. Culture and Cultural Fusion —— The Biography of Xiongnu Huo Zhi and the Peace of the Country —— Biography of Huo Zhi, Biography of Shigong, Preface to Taishi Gongxu and Historical Records Doubt (Liang Yu Rope in Qing Dynasty)
Famous sentences handed down from ancient times
Xiang Zhuang's sword dance is intended to be Pei Gong. Historical Records of Xiang Yu is a knife, and I am a fish. "Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography" is a big book, regardless of details, and its literary talent is not small. Historical Records of Xiang Yu is full of praise. Biography of Historical Records and Zhang Yi is not a word. Historical Records Wang Lishu Biography Historical Records Correction
A miss is as good as a mile. In the preface to Biography of Historical Records Taishigong, the Huns are not extinct and have no home. "Historical Records Biography of General Wei's title of generals in ancient times", the governors would rather plant it. "Historical Records Chen She Family" Swallows know the ambition of swans. Historical records show that the Chen She family won a decisive victory thousands of miles away. The biographies of Emperor Gaozu in historical records are good medicine, bitter taste is good for illness, and good advice is good for action. Stone Hou is a blockbuster if it doesn't ring; If you don't fly, you will fly to the sky. "Historical Records Funny Biography" Even the cleverest person has a long plan. A fool may give advice to a wise man. history