I have studied for many years. Do you really know how to study? Solving your own problems includes: sleepiness, a hammer in the east, a stick in the west, memory, lateral mastery and so on. "Great authors are often great readers, but that doesn't mean they have read all the books. Reading is indispensable only in our life. In many cases, they read fewer books than we did in college, but they read them very carefully. Because they are very proficient in the books they read, their level can be comparable to that of the author. They have the right to be called authority. In this case, naturally, good students will usually become teachers and good readers will also become authors. "
The benefits of reading are obvious. The competition in modern society is extremely fierce. If you want to get development or promotion in your own post, to put it more bluntly, you must have core competitiveness if you want to get a high salary. This kind of competitiveness not only needs to be honed in work, but also needs to be studied, and relying on reading can improve professionalism, authority and irreplaceability. At the same time, long-term reading can improve the knowledge structure, form temperament, cultivate temperament, enhance charm and shape personality, thus improving the influence in the workplace.
1. Knowledge is updated very quickly. As soon as you graduate from college, 40% of your knowledge is out of date, 80% of your knowledge is out of date if you don't study for one year, and 99% of your knowledge is out of date if you don't study for three years. This requires us to keep reading, every year, every month, every week and every day. Only long-term reading can not be eliminated; Only by reading for a long time can we maintain the "knowledge" and freshness of the workplace.
2. Reading should be selective, and books that are still regarded as classics after vicissitudes should be read. There are too many books, but not many good books, so everyone should have the ability to choose good books. Many fashionable books are expensive, and the real readable value is too small. Experience tells me that every sentence in classic books is worth chewing, which makes you think for a long time and won't get bored after reading it several times. Every time you read it, you will have a new feeling. It can be said that a good book is worth a hundred bad books.
You can read books on the road, on the bus, in the subway, during meals, before going to bed and even in the toilet. Reading is not only limited to reading, but also reading newspapers and magazines, but those are not the best reading methods. The best way to read is reading, and the knowledge of books is systematic and profound.
There is a lot of knowledge on the internet, which can be called the ocean of knowledge, and the cost is very low. But there is also a lot of knowledge rubbish on the internet. Many friends spend most of their time online not reading books, but searching for knowledge. The interference of online reading is too great, and everyone can't calm down, which affects the effect of reading.
5. Professional books must be read, which can enhance professionalism, but reading professional books alone is not enough. What modern society needs is T-type talents. The vertical bar represents the profession, which is the foundation of settling down. The stronger the professionalism, the stronger the irreplaceability and the greater the value. Sections represent the breadth of your knowledge. If two people are similar in their majors, it depends on who has a wider range of knowledge, so reading in many fields and professions can also enhance the competitiveness of the workplace.
6, reading speed is fast, to get a book, you must first look at the directory, first familiarize yourself with the directory, and see which chapters you don't understand, you can't read the chapters you don't understand, and you don't have to read the chapters you understand. Only in this way can we reduce the waste of time and improve reading efficiency.
7. Take notes while reading. After reading each book, you should write a summary based on your own experience. Understanding and writing are two different things. Many friends disdain to write and soon forget it. Only writing can deepen the understanding of this book; Only by writing it out can we form our own unique views.
8. You don't have to buy books, you can borrow them or exchange them with friends. The price of books is getting higher and higher, so it is unrealistic for many friends to buy several books every month. Therefore, borrowing books is a very good reading method, which can be borrowed from friends or from the library, and the cost is very low.
9. Persist in reading, form a habit, form a lifestyle, make reading an action that must be carried out every day like eating, and have the realm of not being uncomfortable with reading or even waking up in the middle of the night to find a book to read.
10, after reading a book, you should learn to share it with others and understand what others think of it. In the communication, we can learn more diverse views, and even collide with cremation to produce new understanding. How pleasant it is to find three or five friends on weekends and discuss a topic of a book in a teahouse, coffee shop or mountain.
According to Mortimer J. Ejdero (1902-2001), a scholar, educator and editor, he enjoys a high reputation. In addition to discussing how to read a book edited by German Classics in the Western World and the first edition of Encyclopedia Britannica from 65438 to 0974, reading can be divided into four levels: basic reading, investigation reading, analytical reading and thematic reading.
First, basic reading is: it can be roughly divided into four stages-
The first stage-reading preparation stage-is equivalent to preschool education or kindergarten learning experience.
The second stage-literacy-is equivalent to the typical learning experience of first-year students (although quite a few normal children are not all "typical" in some aspects). As a result of this stage, children have learned what we call the second stage of reading skills, or the reading ability of the first grade, or the most elementary reading and writing ability.
The third stage-vocabulary growth and text use-is usually a method learned at the end of the fourth grade (but it is not comprehensive, even for normal children). The result of this stage can be called "fourth grade literacy" or "functional literacy", that is, you can easily read traffic signs or picture descriptions and fill in the government.
In the fourth and final stage, students will graduate from primary school or junior high school. This stage is sometimes called eighth grade, ninth grade or tenth grade literacy. To some extent, the child has become a "mature" reader. He can read almost all books, but he is not sophisticated enough. In short, he is mature enough to take high school courses.
In any case, he is not a mature reader. But he has mastered the first level of reading, that's all. He can read by himself and is ready to learn more reading skills. But he still doesn't know how to go beyond basic reading and do further reading.
Generally speaking, the four stages of basic reading have a teacher to guide, answer questions and eliminate problems that will occur at this stage. Only when a child has mastered the four stages of basic reading can he be ready to move forward to a higher level of reading. Only when he can read by himself can he begin to teach himself. Only in this way can he become a truly excellent reader.
Second, the second level of reading is called testing reading:
Examining reading is the real reading level. Investigation reading can be divided into systematic skimming or rough reading and shallow reading.
(1) The so-called "system skimming or skimming" means: First, you don't know if you want to read this book. You don't know whether this book is worth analyzing and reading. But you think, or as long as you can dig it out, the information and opinions in the book are at least useful to you; Secondly, we assume-as is often the case-that you want to explore everything, but time is limited-to do a "skimming" of the whole book, or some people say it is a pre-reading. Skimming or skimming is the first sub-level of reading. Your goal in mind is to find out whether this book is worth spending more time reading carefully. Secondly, even if you decide not to spend more time reading this book carefully, skimming can tell you a lot. After browsing, you may find that this book is only useful for you at present. The value of this book is only so much. But at least you know what the author's important proposition is, or what kind of book he wrote. Therefore, the time you spend skimming this book is by no means a waste.
For this reading state, the author's suggestion is
(1) Look at the title page first. If there is no problem, look at the order first. Take a quick look. Pay special attention to the subtitle, or other relevant explanations or purposes, or the author's special angle in writing this book. Before completing this step, you have an idea of the theme of this book. If you like, you will pause and classify the book into a specific type in your mind. And which books are included in that genre.
(2) Study the catalogue and get a general understanding of the basic structure of this book. It's like looking at a map before you leave for a trip.
(3) If there is an index in the book, review it-most books on debate will have an index. Quickly evaluate the scope of topics covered in this book, as well as the types and authors of the books mentioned. If you find that one of the listed words is very important, at least look at some pages that quote this word. The paragraph you read is probably a key point-the key point of this book-or a new method related to the author's intention and attitude.
(4) If it is a new book wrapped in a book coat, you may wish to look at the introduction of the publishing house. Many people's impression of advertising copy is nothing more than boasting and exaggerating. But this is often biased, especially for some argumentative papers. Generally speaking, the propaganda copy of many books is written by the author himself with the assistance of the corporate propaganda department of the publishing company. It is not unusual for these authors to try their best to sum up the main idea of this book correctly. These efforts should not be ignored. Of course, if you don't write any key points in the propaganda copy, it's easy to be seen through if you just brag. However, it will also help you learn more about this book. Maybe there is nothing important to talk about in this book-that's why their propaganda copy is not desirable.
After completing these four steps, you will have enough information about a book to judge whether you want to read the book more carefully or not at all. In either case, you can put this book aside for the time being. If not, now you are ready to actually browse a book.
(5) From your impression that the catalogue of a book is rough or even a little vague, start to select a few chapters that seem to be closely related to the theme. If these chapters have summaries at the beginning or end (many will), you should read them carefully.
(6) The last step is to open the book, turn it over and read a paragraph or two. Sometimes I read several pages in a row, but not too many. In this way, turn over the book, look for the signal of the main argument at any time, and pay attention to the basic pulse of the theme. Above all, don't ignore the last two or three pages. Even if there is a postscript at the end, the last two or three pages of a book can't be ignored. Few writers can resist the temptation not to rearrange what they think is new and important in the last few pages. Although sometimes the author's own views are not necessarily correct, you should not miss this part.
Now you have read a book systematically. You have finished the first reading. Now, you have learned a lot about this book in a few minutes, not more than an hour. In particular, do you want to know whether this book contains what you want to continue digging, and whether it is worth your time and energy? You should also know better than before which category this book should be classified in your mind so that you can learn from it when necessary in the future.
By the way, this is a very active reading. If a person is not flexible enough to concentrate on reading, he can't read. How many times have you been reading a good book, turned over a few pages, but lost in daydreaming in your mind, and when you woke up, you had no idea what the pages you just read were talking about? If you follow the steps we suggest, it will never happen-because you always have a system to follow the author's ideas.
You can imagine yourself as a detective, looking for clues to the theme or idea of a book. Always be sensitive, it's easy to figure everything out. Paying attention to our suggestions will help you maintain this attitude. You will be surprised to find that you have saved more time, glad that you have mastered more key points, and then it is easy to find that reading is easier than you think.
I think this kind of reading is the process of discovering a book: in short, it is to use all the information provided by books to read books-catalogs, prefaces, indexes, book advertisements, and even some paragraphs in the text and conclusion of the book, so that the basic outline and structure of the book can be mastered in your own hands. Here, I think some book reviews can be added to help others complete the process of reading and chewing. Even skimming, stick to a good reading habit, so that you can catch the whole fish instead of a fragment in the usual sense.
(2) Shallow reading
As long as you find the right direction, no matter how difficult it is to read a book, as long as it is geared to the public, there is no reason to be discouraged. Right direction? The answer is a very simple, but important and helpful reading rule: when facing a difficult book for the first time, read it from beginning to end, and don't stop to ask or think about what you don't understand.
If you allow yourself to be bound by a stubborn paragraph, you are defeated. In most cases, once you are entangled with it, it is difficult to get out. You may know more about this place when you read it the second time, but before that, you should at least read the book from beginning to end.
Here, I found that the education circles in China and the United States are the same: when you encounter something you don't understand, you must check the information, ask the teacher and find out. However, in the book How to Read, a very important argument is pointed out: If we do these things before time, it will only hinder our reading, not help. Because this torture procedure will deprive people of the pleasure of reading first (a bit like learning Lu Xun's works in middle school). Secondly, if you dwell too much on details, you will miss some clear principles. Can't read well at any level.
At this level, we should pay attention to the following issues:
1, reading speed: people can read faster, but for books, the speed changes according to the needs-in Tianlong Babu, Wang Yuyan heard that Mu Rongfu was particularly anxious when practicing the dog beating method, which should be the reason.
2. Stay and go backwards: affect speed and waste brain power.
3, understand the problem:
4. Be a self-demanding reader:
It's easy to fall asleep while reading. But many people can read books by candlelight at night, which should not be simply interpreted as being very human. It's probably not a good habit for Su Yi to study in the form of hanging beam and stabbing stocks, but can he really be said to be an active reader? Whether you want to stay awake or fall asleep while reading depends mainly on what your reading goal is. If your reading goal is to gain benefits-whether spiritual or spiritual growth-you have to stay awake. This also means being as active as possible while reading and making some efforts. Reading is not entertainment, but gain benefits from it.
As long as it goes beyond the reading level of basic reading, the art of reading is to ask the right questions in the right order. You must ask four main questions about a book.
(1) Generally speaking, what is this book about? You must try to find out the theme of this book, how the author develops this theme in turn, and how to gradually decompose the subordinate key issues from the core theme.
(2) What did the author say in detail and how did he say it? You must try to find out the main points, statements and arguments. These combine to form the special information that the author wants to convey.
(3) Is this book meaningful? All makes sense, or some? You can't answer this question unless you can answer the first two questions. Before you judge whether this book is meaningful, you must first understand what the whole book is saying. However, when you know a book, if you read it carefully, you will feel obligated to make your own judgment for it. It is not enough to know the author's thoughts.
(4) What does this book have to do with you? If this book gives you some information, you must ask what it means. Why does the author think it is important to know this? Do you really need to know? If this book not only provides information, but also inspires you, it is even more necessary to look for other relevant and deeper meanings or suggestions to get more enlightenment.
I think the key to these four questions is to build a bridge between myself and the book on the basis of understanding the author.
1) energy distribution method
70% of the books, skim, flip through the table of contents and pick the key points. (as a supplement)
20% of the books, read through, grasp the center and form an architecture.
7% of the books, read the books thinly, read them thickly and take notes.
3% of books can be read for a lifetime.
2) systematic reading method
Around the topic of interest,
Choose 1 ~2 as the main reading (7% or 20% category),
Choose 3~4 secondary readings (20% or 70% category).
Then do mind mapping to form a knowledge system.
3) Four steps of reading (bird's eye view)
1. Preparation before reading
1. 1 Make clear your reading motivation (such as why I want to read this book, what questions I have about the content of this book, and what position this book occupies in my overall system) and choose the appropriate energy distribution.
2. Reading books for the first time
2. 1 What do I know about this book? I wonder how much it costs.
2.2 What are the key issues and outlines of each chapter, which need to be focused on and which don't? What questions should I take to see?
2.3 What is the context of this book, and what is the author's writing idea and structure?
3. Key points for attention (3-block method)
3. 1 Note A (Contextual Thinking Diagram)
3.2 Note B (Key Points and Places I Need)
3.3 Note C (My experience and analysis)
classify
Put the information of this book into the overall knowledge structure.
Some inspiration,
1. Don't be frightened by the details, 90% of books only have a rough idea.
It would be nice to know about 80% of the remaining 10% books.
2. In the knowledge explosion society, if you want the eagle to catch rabbits, just take the knowledge you need and fly away immediately. Don't be greedy.
3. Knowledge is not systematically sorted out, just like straw that has not been sorted out, it will be scattered and read for nothing.
4. When taking notes, you can record chapters and page numbers to avoid that the notes are too thin to affect the review.
5. Several points of reading
1) Read with questions and purposes, and don't get lost.
2) Do a good job of combing the context
3) and the author's feedback (read a chapter, ask yourself, right, right, wrong, is it helpful for your own questions, is there anything worth learning by the author, and there are mistakes that nothing in the future wants to avoid).
4) Integrating into the knowledge structure
6. Improve reading speed: middle finger scanning method.
7. For places that are difficult to understand, the head word logic method.
Reading needs: decisiveness, courage and firmness. (put away)