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Building a Harmonious Society and Youth Development
one
Building a harmonious society is a great project. This great project is of great significance to contemporary youth.
So, first of all, because contemporary youth are the main members and beneficiaries of a harmonious society. This is self-evident. Secondly, it is because contemporary youth will become the main force in the process of building a harmonious society. For many years, people have always thought that "youth represents the future". However, the reality of rapid social development in the past two decades clearly tells us that today's youth are no longer just representatives of the future. In a sense, they are already the representatives of our social reality: in today's society, young people are increasingly becoming the main force of social development; Their words and deeds have a greater impact on real life than ever before; Among them, the cultural fashion has more and more profound influence on the fashion of the whole society; The consumer market with them as the main body is fundamentally affecting the organization, scale and operation of the whole social production.
At least four facts tell us:
Nowadays, in many sunrise industries, young people have become the backbone and occupied a dominant position. Network information, advertising design, press and publication, lawyer business, project planning, foreign trade ... these vibrant and dynamic emerging industries have mainly developed in recent years. For many young people, the maturity of these industries is a process that is synchronized with their own growth. As if inadvertently, they learned to skillfully manipulate new instruments that are relatively unfamiliar to middle-aged and elderly people, and use some new words to measure everything in society with the scale of "Pentium". After tempering, many of them have quickly become the backbone and experts in this industry by virtue of their youth and familiarity with new technologies and knowledge.
As early as 2000, Wen Wei Po (1June 2) reported that doctoral groups and entrepreneurs had formed in Shanghai's scientific research and high-tech fields.18,000 returned overseas students with an average age of about 35 have become the effective force for Shanghai to compete with the world's advanced level with their "knowledge-based" and "capital-based" advantages. If you add those young people who have never studied abroad and have grown up in China, the ranks of young senior talents who have made their mark in high-tech fields will be even larger. In a sense, in these emerging industries, these young people not only represent the future trend of the industry itself, but also represent the reality of industry development.
Over the years, great and frequent changes have taken place in the characteristics and fashions of social life. It is worth noting that all these changes and lifestyle changes are mainly initiated by contemporary youth. It can be said that without the main mobilization group of contemporary youth, there would be no colorful life today.
From the perspective of consumption, contemporary youth has become the mainstream and leading consumer group in today's society. Food, clothing, housing, transportation, education, employment, entrepreneurship, marriage and love ... In this drama of life, young people have provided the society with an increasingly large consumer market. The youth world has become the most important market for social production. Most large and small shops are full of beautiful things that young people like. The design and delivery of goods, the complaining tendency and persuasion tendency of advertisements are all aimed at inducing and catering to the consumption tastes and needs of young people. Taking the money out of young people's pockets has become the main direction for today's businesses to spare no effort. In the family, young people have become "big consumers". Consumer groups directly affect the organization, scale and operation of production in real society. This is a basic rule. Contemporary youth, as a consumer group, is growing day by day, which means that they have more and more influence on real social production.
Judging from the income situation, the proportion of young people in today's high-income class is also increasing. White-collar workers, young bosses, high-paid freelancers ... these youth groups are very eye-catching in the crowd. Therefore, one of the main reasons is that they have higher professional income. In many families, parents have worked all their lives, but their income is often not as good as that of their children. This situation is by no means unique, on the contrary, it is becoming more and more universal. In general, the economic base often affects or even determines people's right to speak and their actual position in the crowd. This is also suitable for contemporary youth-a relatively solid economic foundation built by higher professional income, which gives contemporary youth more right to speak in the real society.
It can be seen that in real life, contemporary youth, as the backbone and core force, directly affects the development of emerging and sunrise industries; As the main initiator, it directly affects the appearance and fashion of social life; As a leading consumer group, it directly affects social production; As a high-income social class, they have a very important right to speak in social life, and they have become representatives of our real social life, even symbolic classes.
Contemporary youth, as representatives of social reality, will inevitably bring their own values, behaviors and goals into social life, and in the process of participating in social life, they will affect the social norms, social relations, social psychology and all aspects of social life. In the process of building a harmonious society, they will undoubtedly become the backbone and main force, with a long way to go.
Contemporary youth have extremely distinctive characteristics of the times. One of the most striking features is that they are unprecedented "only children". The "only child" not only means an identity, but also means an intergenerational trait formed in a special growth background.
The core word of the sentence "only child" is "independence" "independence", from the dog, shusheng. Dogs are aggressive and live alone, so the word follows the dog. Single and single meaning.
The core of the word "He" is mainly a word "He". "Harmony" mainly refers to harmony and coordination. Shuowen: "Harmony", corresponding to it; Guangya: Harmony is different.
Literally, "independence" and "harmony" are two far apart concepts. This makes people wonder: building a harmonious society with the "only child" as the main body? Obviously, the distance between "independence" and "harmony" is not small, which makes it of great significance for contemporary youth with "only child" as the main body to participate in building a harmonious society.
two
After the first generation of "only children" came out, it aroused widespread concern. "Independence" means no brothers or sisters, no need to share with people of similar age, no need for humility, no need for conflict and no need for cooperation. Enjoy everything, including good food, good clothes and fun, as well as happiness, unhappiness and loneliness.
As the "only children" grow up bit by bit, people feel that they gradually embody some disturbing "intergenerational characteristics": a veritable little emperor and little princess at home; Superior family environment and the care of parents and elders make them self-centered and selfish and narrow-minded; Poor ability to live independently, paranoid and willful, unable to bear many setbacks, weak sense of life, weak sense of responsibility and organizational discipline, no sense of identity with traditional values and weak legal awareness; Some "only children" are depressed, anxious, lonely and feel inferior.
Since 1980, scholars have studied the one-child problem from the perspectives of psychology, education, sociology, demography, physical education and other disciplines, and accumulated many research results. In these studies, the focus of attention is whether the only child is a' problem child'.
"Is the only child a' problem child'?" In this regard, people have two almost completely different opinions:
First, "the only child is a' problem child'".
The discussion about whether the only child is a' problem child' mainly focused on the early 1980s. Although the study does not directly point out that the "only child" is a problem child, the study mainly draws a negative conclusion: the "only child" has many behavioral problems and serious shortcomings, "which are manifested in picky eaters, clothes, disrespect for elders, lack of care for goods and toys, irritability, irrationality, selfishness, indifference to others, timidity and poor self-care ability." (Quoted from Su: Social Adaptation of Only Children in Shanghai, Academic Quarterly No.2 1997) "The proportion of only children who have bad personality and behavior habits such as willfulness, timidity and picky eaters is higher than that of twins and multiple births." Generally speaking, the only child is more delicate, willful and has a poor concept of labor.
Therefore, Guangming Daily launched a nationwide discussion on the one-child education at 1986, which lasted for half a year. Experts pointed out that there were two main problems in the only child at that time: first, overnutrition led to stunting; Second, intellectual investment is excessive and moral education is insufficient.
Second, the only child is not a problem child.
1987 A survey of 465 primary school students, their parents and teachers in Changchun City, Jilin Province shows that "there is no obvious difference in family background, psychology and behavior between the only child and the non-only child." "The only child is less selfish than the non-only child, and more willing to sympathize with and help others, but the only child is more delicate and more dependent." (Liu Yunde et al.: Comparative Study Report on Only Children and Non-only Children, Journal of Demography, No.3, 1988)
According to the same weight table, the Population Research Institute of Zhejiang Medical University conducted a survey on 500 senior pupils, their parents and teachers in Hangzhou on 199 1. The results show that there is no significant difference in personality and psychological characteristics between the only child and the non-only child. And their performance has nothing to do with whether they are only children or not. "(Only-child Research Group, Institute of Population Studies, Zhejiang Medical University: Investigation on the Health, Learning and Living Conditions of Only-children, Journal of Demography, No.6, 1992)
Scholar Feng made a comparative analysis of the survey results of 1988, 1996 and 1998 in three different periods and in different ranges, and found that, on the whole, the similarity of personality characteristics between the two types of teenagers is greater than the difference. The most consistent result in different surveys is that "laziness" is the weakness of the only-child teenagers in personality and behavior characteristics. It reveals the main problems existing in the personality and behavior characteristics of the only-child teenagers, which deserves the attention of parents, schools and society (Feng: the socialization process and results of the only-child teenagers, China Social Sciences, No.6, 2000).
Many studies think: "They all grow into an excellent group, and they are not as bad as people think. They are independent and responsible, and they are better educated than their parents. " In response to many reports criticizing the phenomenon that the new generation of young people are picky about finding jobs, lack of sense of responsibility, and obvious femininity and arrogance, some researchers pointed out that the more obvious young people are, these personality weaknesses are not the characteristics of only children. "Even if there is no only child, families with two children will have this problem. The difference is only the difference in degree. " Scholars say: "People blame the only child for being too many and not understanding too much." (chatting. full of energy. com .cn)
In recent years, researchers have continued to follow up the "only child". Generally speaking, the basic information given by scholars' research results is that there is not much difference between "only child" and non-"only child". The only child is not a congenital "problem child" (Sun Yunxiao, Xinmin Evening News, July 8, 2004).
Obviously, if most people in a social subject are little emperors and little princesses; If the social subject is self-centered, selfish, narrow-minded, paranoid, willful, with weak sense of responsibility and organizational discipline, weak legal awareness, depression, anxiety, loneliness and inferiority, then, no matter how rich the material conditions are, it will be impossible to build a harmonious society. After all, there is a huge distance between "independence" and "harmony". Therefore, the "only child" is not a problem child or youth, which may be good news for the project of building a harmonious society.
However, the problem is obviously not that simple.
First of all, whether the "only child" is a "problem child" or a problem generation, although there have been numerous investigations, it is still difficult to draw a conclusion in a strict sense. The reason is simple: the life picture of the "only child" has just been opened, and its personality and generation characteristics have just happened. It is still too early to draw any conclusions and assertions. In fact, existence determines consciousness. The special identity and background of the "only child" will profoundly affect the growth and development of contemporary youth with the "only child" as the main body, thus forming its distinctive generational characteristics. However, the existing research indicators are difficult to fully reveal the characteristics of these generations. At the same time, we should also see that there are some contradictions between the characteristics of these generations formed on the basis of "independence" and the "harmonious society" with "harmony" as its basic feature.
Secondly, the credibility of existing research results may be questionable. Some people pointed out sharply that there are some problems in the research field of "only child", especially in the research method: the sampling method is not standardized. The samples based on investigation and research are mostly based on the "convenience principle" of researchers, so they are special and difficult to be generalized to general situations; The indicators used in the measurement are not consistent. For example, some studies use Cartel 16PF test method, while others use SCL-90 mental health scale. Therefore, the study is not comparable and cannot be compared. Repetitive research, there are few really novel things.
In addition, who is the reference object of "only child"? Generally speaking, he is an "only child". But is it * * * tense or not "only child"? If you are not an only child in the tense of * * *, that is, the contemporary only child's peers, it is difficult to rule out that the cultural factors, cultural atmosphere and cultural background enjoyed by only children and non-only children have the same influence on them; If it is diachronic, it is the parents of the only child in contemporary times, even grandparents. Of course, its comparability is doubtful, because there is a lack of corresponding research results and indicators for the youth of grandparents and fathers.
From this point of view, in the process of building a harmonious society, we have to further track and grasp the new development and changes of the generation characteristics embodied by the "only child" among contemporary youth, especially pay attention to all kinds of "problems" that may exist in people's feelings. After all, whether the "only child" is a "problematic" generation is still inconclusive.
three
When discussing youth development and building a harmonious society, we should not only consider the generation characteristics of the "only child", but also pay attention to whether they are problem children or problem youth, and fully consider a series of practical problems such as the special living situation and difficulties faced by the "only child" as a growing social subject.
It must be noted that the life drama of the "only child" has been staged for the second time, but his life is far from being fully developed. In addition, as the researchers pointed out, due to the intervention of the older generation, the pressure and confusion of the "only child" have now been alleviated. The reality of 6 pairs 1 (that is, parents+in-laws+only-child couples with 1 child) makes the present "only-child" have all kinds of difficulties and problems that may even be hidden in his future life. These difficulties and problems are still concealed under the appearance of 6 pairs 1, but in 2 pairs of 5 (that is, parents+in-laws)
According to a survey conducted by the Youth Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, 1/5' s "only child" said that "having a career and not having children" within five years after marriage is a major factor. It is predicted that in the next 10 year, the number of "only child" families in China, including "only child" and "only child" and "only child" and non-only child, will reach at least tens of millions and will become the mainstream of society. Therefore, the family structure in our country will change. By about 2050, an ordinary working population will have to support a retiree.
If we look at the family structure of "42 1", the calculated burden is heavier: if the next generation of "only child" couples is still "only child", then the third generation may have a pair of young people supporting 12 elderly people. Even if the money can cope, the "only child" is hard to support mentally.
Compared with families with many children, the "only child" family has the uniqueness of the number of children, the uniqueness of providing for the elderly and the uniqueness of spiritual comfort. Unique is actually fragile. Therefore, a small family composed of a pair of "only children" is itself a risky family and a potentially structurally weak family. How the parents of the "only child" provide for the elderly is not only a serious problem faced by the "only child", but also a problem that must be paid attention to in China's population policy and even social and economic development policy.
On the other hand, it is undeniable that many "only children" have been under the protection and supervision of their parents for a long time in the process of their own growth, and most of them are arranged by their parents, lacking opportunities for direct exercise, and have developed serious dependence thoughts and habits since childhood. Once you encounter something you have to do yourself, you often lack the necessary courage, determination and ability to deal with practical problems. Many "only children" find it difficult to adapt to the pressure of real life.
In the past, he was the "little emperor" of his family, but in the future, he will become the "pillar" to bear the huge family burden and social pressure. How do they successfully realize the role transformation; How to deal with the heavy support and support burden that 2 to 5 will inevitably bring? If we can't undertake this important task well, then the pattern and stability of the family dominated by the "only child", the survival and development of the family, etc. Will face an extremely severe test.
By extension, the family's viability and development prospects will have a direct impact on the whole society. Overwhelmed "only child" couples, how to calmly respond to the requirements of the future society and shoulder the heavy responsibility of building a harmonious society?
four
Harmonious society is a kind of social ideal state put forward by people in view of the disharmony of social life. At present, all kinds of discussions about a harmonious society, including the harmonious structure of social classes, the development of social undertakings, the improvement of the scientific and cultural quality of the masses, the growth of social organizations, the openness and fairness of social policies, the "autonomy" of communities, and the harmony between man and nature (Deng's Seven Theories on Building a Harmonious Socialist Society, the People's Political Consultative Conference Daily, July 6, 2005), can all be regarded as people's views on this ideal.
Fundamentally speaking, building a harmonious society is people-oriented, aiming at improving people's living conditions, improving people's quality of material, political and spiritual life, and promoting people's all-round development, and constantly meeting people's growing material and cultural life and their own development needs.
It is conceivable that with the deepening of the practice of building a harmonious society, people's understanding of a harmonious society will be more profound.
It should be noted that in the process of building a harmonious society, youth is both a means and an end-as a means, youth increasingly highlights its significance as the main body of building a harmonious society; In the end, young people will become the main members and beneficiaries of a harmonious society. Therefore, in the process of building a harmonious society, youth is the organic unity of means and purpose. It can be summarized as "Youth is a verb" and "Youth is a preposition".
In order to make "young people take action", we must also be "young people"-in order to make young people make a difference in the process of building a harmonious society, we must serve young people wholeheartedly in the process of mobilizing the vast number of young people to devote themselves to the great project of building a harmonious society, helping them to relieve all kinds of worries in life development and solve all kinds of practical difficulties.
Therefore, while promoting the construction of a harmonious society, we must think ahead, start with policies and mechanisms, form a master plan, and strive to solve the practical problems faced by young people, especially the "only child":
(1) Track the actual psychological and personality changes of the "only child" generation, especially the various psychological and personality problems that may be born with "independence", and gradually form and improve psychological correction plans, countermeasures and mechanisms.
(2) While encouraging and helping contemporary youth to "feed back their fathers", we should appropriately amend the current Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly (for example, changing Article 10 of Chapter II from "providing for the aged mainly depends on the family" to "mainly depends on the state and society"), adjust and improve legal policies, gradually improve the management mechanism of social providing for the aged and domestic service, realize the socialization of providing for the aged and domestic service, and constantly improve the level of socialization.
(3) Gradually improve the management mechanism of associations, develop various associations such as culture, life, specialties and hobbies, and let teenagers, especially "only children", establish and continuously expand social ties by participating in the corresponding associations, which not only makes up for some shortcomings of their "independent" students, but also allows them to be in a friendly group and atmosphere and feel the harmony of the group and even society. In this regard, the effective operating mechanism and mode of traditional social organizations should be carried forward. In recent years, some spontaneously formed youth organizations and societies have operated efficiently through the Internet, which is worth summarizing and learning.
Author: Liu Hongsen (Shanghai Youth Management Cadre College)
Harmonious Chizhou construction
Chapter 27 Strengthening the development of employment, social security and social welfare undertakings
Adhere to the development and effective allocation of labor resources as the center and improve people's income level and quality of life as the fundamental starting point to form a market-oriented employment mechanism; Accelerate the improvement of the social security system and fully safeguard the harmony and stability of labor relations; Accelerate the development of social welfare undertakings, and gradually establish an urban and rural social assistance system based on urban and rural minimum living security, rural five guarantees and victim assistance, supplemented by temporary assistance, and supplemented by medical, educational, housing, employment, judicial and other assistance and various concessions.
First, do everything possible to expand employment.
Second, further improve the social security system.
Third, promote the development of social welfare undertakings.
Chapter 28 Adhere to the people-oriented principle and strive to improve the income and quality of life of urban and rural residents.
Chapter 29 Accelerate the construction of credit system and build credit Chizhou.
First, vigorously establish government credit.
The second is to pay close attention to administration according to law.
The third is to promote the construction of social credit in an all-round way through government promotion.
Fourth, strengthen the credit education of civil servants, and extensively carry out credit knowledge lectures and training activities among civil servants in the city to raise credit awareness.
Second, pay attention to corporate credit.