Lu You lives in an era of internal troubles and foreign invasion. The invasion of foreign countries and the incompetence of local rulers made Lu You suffer from war in his youth. Lu You had a bumpy career as an adult, but he was determined to be a patriot who persisted in the war of resistance, resisted compromise and was indomitable. So he "stood up and stood on the side of the nation, mercilessly reprimanded the aggressors' crimes, exposed the traitor's face, and called on the people to fight" (P 15). In his early years, he was determined to "mount a horse to attack the crazy Hu, dismount the grass army book" ("Guan Daguan Si"), and Lu You also wrote in "Reading the gauntlet at night" that "Wan Li and Chang Zaixin are the predecessors. "All the soldiers who died in the battlefield are ashamed to turn to their wives and express their determination to resist the enemy and serve the country; Middle-aged people also "serve the country with peace of mind and destroy their hearts" ("Sleeping Man"); When I am old, I still make a stirring and powerful voice in my poem: "When I hear the drums, I can still admire Zhao Weiguo" ("Old Horse Trip"). The author of a poem "Xie Chichun" even expressed his ideal of fighting against the enemy and recovering his homeland by way of memory:
I joined the army at a strong age. I have swallowed the remnants of Lu, and the clouds are high and the wolves fly at night. Zhu Yan temple is green, carved with Ge Xirong, laughing at the Confucian crown, with many faults. Fame and fortune are shattered, but the boat is Wu Chu, and the elegy is sad. There are endless waves of smoke, looking at where Qin Guan is, sighing how time flies.
This word was written in the sixteenth year of Xiaozong Xichun (1 189). The first sentence, "Joining the army at the age of 30, is used to swallowing the remnants of Shandong, and the clouds fly high and the wolves fly at night", describes his impassioned lofty aspirations when he was in his thirties and participated in the anti-gold veteran Zhang Jun's preparations for the Northern Expedition. From these two sentences, we can also see how heroic his spirit was at that time, how extraordinary his life was, and how contemptuous he was of the enemy like a wolf! "Zhu Yan's temples are green, engraved with Ge Xirong, and he is proud of Confucianism." At that time, it was he who was full of energy, abandoned his pen and joined the army, volunteered to drive Lu into his prime and personally defended the motherland. How proud and proud he is! However, because the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty were greedy for life and did not dare to resist the aggression of the Jin people, they knelt down to make peace with the enemy, which made their ambitions hard to pay off. The last sentence had to be a sigh of "sighing the years wasted".
Qian Zhongshu, a famous contemporary scholar, praised:
In Lu You's life, patriotism runs through all his works. When he sees a picture of a horse, meets a few flowers, listens to a goose, drinks a few glasses of wine and writes a few lines of cursive script, his heart will be aroused and his blood will boil ... (P 172)
Indeed, Lu You is very patriotic. He put the country first, always cared about national affairs, and hoped to enrich Qiang Bing. At the same time, he also hopes that his talents can come in handy and contribute to the oppressed motherland and the suffering people.
Second, express indignation that there is no way to serve the country.
I don't know the difficulties in the world at an early age, and the Central Plains looks like a mountain. It snowed at night and the iron horse dispersed in the autumn wind. The Great Wall beyond the Great Wall is empty, and the temples in the mirror have long faded. When you debut, you can say your real name, but you can't fight for a thousand years.
In this book, the poet expresses his deep indignation and pours strong patriotic enthusiasm from longing for and recalling his magnificent fighting life in his early years and lamenting his unfulfilled ambition. As Professor Yan Xiu said, "A lonely and lonely Lu You was calm and brave" (Spring Festival couplets), but he didn't realize his wish to restore the Central Plains until his death. "I wish I could never see the Central Plains until I die" ("Big Breath") became his eternal regret. (3) (P42) There are many such poems, such as "Traveling around the world without a sword, but failing to learn to irrigate the village garden at night". Make old friends, live and die, who is trapped in the liver and gallbladder "("Irrigation Garden "); "People with lofty ideals are desolate and idle, and famous flowers are scattered in the rain" ("Death of Illness"); "He Rong is a strong man, and he is worried about the country and tears" ("Book Anger") and so on. "His poems are generous and sad, generous and sad ... these poems are elegies and sighs. This is written by the poet with tears in his eyes ... This disillusioned desolation is also a lofty tragic beauty and the most touching spiritual force of Lu You's poems. " ④(p 102)
Many of his words also reflect his sadness and indignation at his unfulfilled ambitions. Such as "Jade Case" (the west wind blows waves with the sound of rain) and "Feeling grateful to the emperor" (the pavilion leans against the clear autumn). Among them, he was dismissed from office because he insisted on resisting national rejuvenation. After returning to his hometown in Yin Shan, he wrote "Hating Love", which is a masterpiece of this kind of work:
Recalling that year, in order to find opportunities to make contributions, I went to Liangzhou, the border guard, alone. Now the military life of defending the frontier fortress can only appear in dreams, but I don't know where I am in dreams. Dust covered the old mink fur. The Hu people are still alive, the temples are frosty in autumn, and the affectionate tears are dry. Who knows this life is in Tianshan, old Cangzhou!
Based on the recollection of the military life in the front line of Hanzhong, the ci expresses the depressed mood of "Hu is still there, and the temple falls first" The contradiction between the writer's ideal and social reality in the first part of Ci. I think the author was full of lofty aspirations when he made contributions to the reunification of the motherland and killed the enemy at the front line in Hanzhong. However, due to the cowardice of the Southern Song Dynasty, it only ended up in a tragic situation of "old mink and fur in the dark". The author of the next paragraph expressed his indignation that his ideal could not be realized. He grieved that "Hu is not dead" and never forgot to restore his homeland in the Central Plains, but he came first in autumn, so his heart was broken that he finally sent out the feeling that "his heart is in Tianshan Mountain and he is old in Cangzhou". These two sentences sum up the ideological contradiction between the poet's lonely life in his later years and resisting aggression and restoring his homeland. Who wants to stay in the front line of the battlefield, and who wants to stay on the beautiful waterfront of Jinghu Lake forever?
Expose and crack down on corrupt authorities and capitulationists.
As a patriot and poet with a strong sense of responsibility, Lu You has a strong hatred and disgust for the ruling authorities and traitors and capitulationists who caused the mountains and rivers to be broken, the people to be displaced, and the treaty of humiliating the country.
The phrase "There are thousands of flowers outside the clouds, and no one asks" in the poem "The Old Friend in Taoyuan" reveals the traitorous behavior of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is unwilling to recover lost territory. "Qing Shang Fen" (drinking at the end of the river at dusk) exposes the crime that the ruling class is heartless to patriotic soldiers who insist on resisting gold. In "Drunk Songs", he exposed the surrender policy of "the war horse is dead, and the officials keep the peace treaty", which caused the dangerous situation that "the poor side refers to Huai Fei and the foreign land regards Beijing Luoyang". His Guan Shanyue is a masterpiece of opposing peace and criticizing Gouan.
In the fifteenth year of Herong's reign, the general did not fight empty borders. Zhu dances heavily, but the horse is fat and the bow is broken. Garrison Diao Dou urged the moon to set and joined the army at the age of 30. Who knows the heart of a strong man in a flute? The sand head is empty, and the bones are taken. When the Central Plains heard of the war, there were descendants who opposed Hu Chuan! The adherents endured death and looked forward to recovery, and shed tears tonight.
This poem, Lu You, wrote current affairs with Yuefu as the old theme when he retired to Chengdu. This poem condemns the indifference of the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court to the national disaster. At the same time, it also shows the anguish of patriotic soldiers who have no way to serve the country and the desire of the people in the Central Plains to recover their lost land, and embodies the patriotic feelings of the poet who cares about the country and the people and longs for reunification. There are twelve sentences in the whole poem, and every four rhymes to express a layer of meaning. They are all about generals, dignitaries, soldiers guarding the border and the people of the Central Plains. It can be said that this was a microcosm of the Southern Song society at that time. The poet also selected some typical things, such as Zhumen, stable, broken bow, white hair, white bones, tears of adherents and so on. , showing the poet's distinct love and hate.
"The poet bitterly condemned the Longxing peace talks and the debauchery of the nobles in the Southern Song Dynasty ... Lu You was full of resentment against these traitors." (4) (p101) Strong hatred is expressed through every word.
Express love and care for the motherland and people.
Love for the motherland and love for the people are unified. Lu You's patriotism is largely manifested in his concern and sympathy for the people. Whether the people in "Farmhouse Sigh" "do their best to do their own thing" or "self-calculated, there is no reason to live" because of the voice of the county official urging rent; Song of Autumn Harvest said: "For several years, the four people suffered from severe famine and moved to the ravine to confront each other." The county magistrate is as long as a hungry wolf, and women are afraid of dying children. The theme of "the rich serve thousands of slaves, and the poor are old and have no money" in The Sense of the End of the Year shows this theme. In addition, there are some works that expose the atrocities of foreign rulers against the people in the Central Plains: for example, "Huang of Zhao Wei, look south for another year" in "The First Fighter in the Sea", which not only expresses grief and indignation, but also expresses the people's strong desire for the troops in the Southern Song Dynasty to recover their lost land and save the people's suffering. There is also the famous word "eye-catching" (on the evening of July 16, I visited the Happy Pavilion and saw Nanshan in Chang 'an):
Autumn came to the border town, the sound of the horn sounded, and the peaceful bonfire lit the bonfire. Sad songs strike the floor, relying on high consideration of wine, which is worrying! Who can push away all the layers of twilight like the amorous Nanshan bright moon? The smoke from the kitchen near Baqiao Bridge and the beautiful scenery near Qujiang River should stand in the moonlight, waiting for our army to recover lost ground and win.
This word was written in the autumn of Song Xiaozong Trunk Road (1 172) in the eighth year, when Lu You was an envoy and inspector of Fu Xuan, Sichuan Province in Nanzheng (now Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province). During this period, Lu You actively offered suggestions to Wang Yan, and the favorable situation ahead and the actual life in the army inspired the author's strong desire to recover Chang 'an. This word reflects the author's concern about the progress of the war, his eagerness to recover Chang 'an and his firm belief in winning. The first one I wrote was "Drinking at the Top". The first two sentences describe the autumn colors and tense fighting atmosphere in the northwest front. Through two typical actions, "building in mourning and drinking on high" shows the poet's love for the motherland and incomparable optimism. The next movie is Chang 'an, expecting victory. The poet stood on the happy pavilion, staring at the distance, aiming at the imaginary range from Nanzheng to Chang 'an, and the goal was so concentrated and clear. The poet seemed to really see the smoke willows swaying in the wind on both sides of Baqiao Bridge outside Chang 'an, and Qujiang and countless pavilions in the south of Chang 'an opened their doors together, looking forward to the early triumphant return of the Southern Song army. At the same time, the whole poem also reflects the strong demand of the people of all ethnic groups in the enemy-occupied areas who are in dire straits to return to the embrace of the motherland and the urgent desire of the southern people to recover the Central Plains, liberate the enemy-occupied areas and unify the motherland.
The author of this kind of works basically stands on the standpoint of the people, which embodies the unity of his patriotism and love for the people.