Chapter 1 History and Development of Diabetes
First, the clinical description of diabetes in the era of empirical medicine
Second, early experimental medical research related to diabetes.
Third, the development of basic research related to modern diabetes
Fourthly, the development of clinical research on diabetes.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The history and development of diabetes treatment
Six, modern evidence-based medicine to delay and prevent diabetes and its complications.
Chapter II Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes
I. Definition of diabetes
Second, the classification of diabetes
Third, the natural course of diabetes.
Fourth, the diagnosis of diabetes.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) diabetes screening
Chapter III Other Types of Diabetes
Section 1 Mitochondrial Gene Mutation Diabetes
I. Mitochondrial DNA
Second, mitochondrial gene mutation diabetes
Section 2 Adolescent Adult Diabetes
I. Review
Second, epidemiology.
Third, the pathogenic gene?
Fourth, the clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis of MODY
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of verb (verb) MODY
Sixth, treatment?
Section 3 Diabetes related to endocrine diseases
First, glucagon tumor
Second, acromegaly and gigantism.
Third, hypercortisolism.
Fourth, pheochromocytoma.
Five, aldosteronism
Sixth, hyperthyroidism
Seven, somatostatin tumor and ectopic somatostatin syndrome
Eight. Vasoactive intestinal peptide tumor (VIP tumor)
Nine, multiple endocrine diseases
X. hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma
Eleven, abnormal sex hormones
Twelve, poetry syndrome
Chapter IV Diagnostic Techniques Related to Diabetes
First, blood sugar
Second, glycosylated hemoglobin.
Thirdly, glycate serum protein (fructosamine)
Fourth, advanced glycation end products.
Five, urine analysis
Six, blood lipid analysis
Seven, islet B cell function
Eight, diabetes autoimmune examination
Chapter V Diabetes Epidemiology
Epidemiology of 1 type diabetes mellitus
I. Regionality
Second, timeliness.
Third, other variables.
Four. 1 type diabetes mortality
Section 2 Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
1. Epidemiological survey of diabetes in China.
Second, geographical and ethnic factors.
Third, age and gender factors.
Fourth, lifestyle and weight factors.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) occupational factors
Mortality rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Section 3 Epidemiology of Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Pathogenesis chapter
Chapter VI Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of 1 type diabetes mellitus
The role of genetic factors in 1 type diabetes mellitus
First, autoimmune polygenic genetic factors.
Secondly, the polygenic system of 1 type diabetes was revealed by association analysis and genome-wide linkage map.
Three. Summary and prospect
Chapter seven introduces the etiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
I. B cell dysfunction
Second, insulin resistance.
Third, B cell dysfunction and insulin resistance * * * together.
Four, genetic factors and the etiology of type 2 diabetes.
5. The mechanism of obesity developing into insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion of intransitive verbs
Chapter 8 Genetic factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Genetic tendency and genetic model of 1 type and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Second, the molecular genetic study of common type 2 diabetes.
Chapter IX Adult Latent Autoimmune Diabetes
I. Overview
Second, the clinical characteristics
Three. Immunopathological features
Fourth, diagnosis
Verb (abbreviation of verb) processing
Chapter 10 Obesity
First, obesity standards and global epidemic factors
Second, the relationship between thrifty genotype and obesity and diabetes
Third, the cytogenetic mechanism of obesity
4. Understand the endocrine function of adipose tissue
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The harm of obesity
Prevention and treatment of obesity with intransitive verbs
Chapter 11 Metabolic Syndrome
I. Concept
Second, historical review.
Third, the pathogenesis
Fourth, the definition and popularization of work.
5. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events
Six, the principle of treatment
Chapter XII High Glucose Toxicity and Lipid Toxicity
Firstly, the concepts of high sugar toxicity, fat toxicity and glycolipid toxicity are introduced.
Second, high glucose toxicity and its association with oxidative stress.
Third, the harm of lipotoxicity
Fourth, the toxicity of glycolipid.
The transformation of type 2 diabetes mellitus from glycolipid adaptation to glycolipid toxicity
Chapter 13 Non-enzymatic saccharification in protein
1. Biochemistry of non-enzymatic saccharification in protein
Second, the effect of protein saccharification on physiological function.
Biochemistry of advanced glycation end products
Fourth, advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications.
5. Advanced glycation end products inhibitors
Chapter 14 Polyol Metabolic Bypass
Section 1 polyol bypass and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus
Section 2 sorbitol-osmotic pressure (compatible osmotic substance) hypothesis
1. sorbitol and inositol loss hypothesis, protein kinase c and sodium potassium ATPase activity
Second, the reverse parallel effect of glucose on protein kinase C.
Thirdly, the loss of sorbitol and taurine and the change of calcium balance in diabetes mellitus
Section III Sorbitol Redox Hypothesis
Effects of sorbitol osmotic pressure and sorbitol redox hypothesis on vasoactive substances in diabetes mellitus
1. Hypothesis of sorbitol osmotic pressure, sorbitol redox and nitric oxide in diabetes mellitus
Secondly, the hypothesis of sorbitol osmotic pressure and the hypothesis of sorbitol redox and arachnoid metabolism in diabetes mellitus.
Section V Clinical Application of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors
The sixth part is a new study on the function of aldose reductase.
First of all, the long-term application of ARIs can improve the objective indicators.
Second, the advantages of the new ARIs
Third, the hope of polyol bypass research
Fourthly, the influence of acute respiratory tract infection on cardiovascular system.
Relationship between verb (verb's abbreviation) AR and inflammation
Sixth, the relationship between ARIS and PPAR.
7. ARI effect of traditional Chinese medicine.
Eight, animal experiments may not be effective in clinic.
Chapter 15 Protein Kinase C and Diabetes Complications
I. Classification and structure of PKC
Secondly, the mechanism of PKC activation mediated by hyperglycemia.
Third, PKC activation and chronic complications of diabetes
Fourthly, PKC and insulin resistance
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Use of Dag -PKC pathway inhibitor
Chapter 16 hexosamine pathway: energy receptor and diabetes
Amino hexose pathway
Secondly, the regulation of hexosamine pathway
Thirdly, the mechanism of hexosamine pathway.
The hexosamine pathway is an energy receptor in cells.
Chapter 17 Inflammation related factors and insulin resistance
Chapter 18 Oxidative Stress and Diabetes
Chapter 19 Changes of Blood and Hemorheology in Diabetic Patients
Therapeutic supplies
Chapter 20 introduces the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Chapter 2 1 Nutritional treatment of diabetes mellitus
Chapter 22 Exercise Therapy for Diabetes
Chapter 23 Insulin and Insulin Analogues
Chapter 24 Oral hypoglycemic agents
Chapter 25 Treatment of Diabetes by Chinese Medicine
Chapter 26 islet transplantation and organ transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Chapter 27 Prevention of Diabetes
complication
Chapter 28 Diabetic ketoacidosis
Chapter 29 Hyperglycemia and Hypertonic State of Diabetes Mellitus
Chapter 30 Diabetes lactic acidosis
Chapter 3 1 Hypoglycemia
Chapter 32 Diabetic Nephropathy
Chapter 33 neurological complications of diabetes mellitus
Chapter 34 Eye Complications of Diabetes
Chapter 35 Abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus
Chapter 36 Diabetes and hypertension
Chapter 37 Cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus
Chapter 38 Diabetic gastroparesis
Chapter 39 Diabetic foot
Chapter 40 Diabetes-related dermatoses
Chapter 4 1 Diabetes and infection
Chapter 42 Diabetes and Tuberculosis
Chapter 43 Diabetes and Pregnancy
Chapter 44 Diabetes in Children
Chapter 45 Aging and Diabetes
Chapter 46 Hyperthyroidism with diabetes
Chapter 47 Diabetes and Surgery
Chapter 48 Diabetic Osteopathy
Chapter 49 Diabetic erectile dysfunction
Chapter 50 Diabetes and liver disease
Chapter 51 Diabetes and Micronutrients
Educational articles
Chapter 52 Diabetes Education
Chapter 53 Management of Diabetes Patients
appendix
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