About the details of Liu Che, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, Liu Che's poems
Autumn wind, Ge, Ji Ge, Fu, Ge, Bai, Liang Wudi's imperial edict of seeking strange people, nothing's song, waiting for the bus, nothing's song and Li Furen's song are all evil.
Second, the mausoleum cemetery
In the Western Han Dynasty 1 1 tombs, Mao Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is the largest. Maoling is located in the northeast of Xingping City under the jurisdiction of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. Xingping city 12km in the west and Xianyang city 15km in the east. It is far from jiusan in the north and Zhong Nanshan in the south. Things are "Wulingyuan" stretching for hundreds of miles. This place belonged to Maoxiang, Li Huai County in the Han Dynasty, so it was called "Maoling". It is 46.5 meters high, 39.25 meters long from east to west at the top and 40.60 meters wide from north to south. According to Guan Zhongji, "All tombs in the Han Dynasty were 12 feet high and 120 feet square, but Maoling was 14 feet high and 140 feet square." The above figures are basically consistent with the measured figures today. The total area is 56,878.25 square meters, and the amount of soil sealed is 848,592.92 cubic meters. The cemetery is square, flat-topped, small at the top and large at the bottom, which looks solemn and steady. So far, tombs in the east, west and north still exist, and tombs of Li Furen, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Huo Guang, Jin Ri and others are also buried in Ling Zhou. It is the largest imperial mausoleum in the Han Dynasty, with the longest construction time and the richest funerary objects. It is called the "Pyramid of China".
Third, political initiatives.
At the beginning of Liang Wudi's accession to the throne, on the one hand, the political situation was relatively stable and the national economic situation was relatively good. On the other hand, the separatist factors of vassal States still exist, and the Xiongnu on the border constantly harassed them, but the feudal ruling ideology has yet to be established.
Strengthening centralization In order to strengthen centralization, Emperor Wu of Han accepted Zhu's suggestion and issued an order to enter a higher school, which allowed the king to distribute his land to his descendants and establish a smaller vassal state. The main contents are as follows: apart from being inherited by the eldest son, the throne of a vassal king can also be enfranchised to other sons of this country through the form of "giving favors widely" (that is, allowing more people to enjoy privileges). The new Marquis State broke away from the restrictions of the original kingdom, was geographically independent, and was basically deprived of political power and was under the jurisdiction of local county officials. In this way, the original independent local kingdom automatically handed over power to the state. After that, local kings and princes only enjoyed material privileges, that is, they enjoyed the tax on their fiefs. But without the previous political privileges. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also found an excuse to cut the then Houzhou in half. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty laid a unified political structure in China.
During the establishment of China-Korea by Hui Di, Wendi and Jingdi, most prime ministers were treated with courtesy mainly because of Liu Bang's contribution to the world. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the Prime Minister often disagreed and often killed the Prime Minister under the pretext of suppression, which led to the reluctance of domestic ministers to take over the post of Prime Minister. In order to carry out his orders, China and Korea were established, and Shangshutai also appeared during this period. There is also a very favorable condition for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to weaken the power of the prime minister, that is, the original prime ministers are all heroes of the founding of the country, old or dead. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took advantage of this favorable opportunity to let many Confucian scholars take the place of their elders to master state power, and at the same time to strengthen their power by cracking down on the prime minister. In 300 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made Gongsun Hong, a Confucian scholar who was born in a commoner, as prime minister, thus changing the previous practice of always being a prime minister by nobles.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to use this title in the history of China. In BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took this year as four years of Ding Yuan, and later changed it to six years of Jianyuan, Yuanguang and Yuanshuo. However, judging from some unearthed cultural relics, they are all marked with the year numbers of Jianyuan and Yuanguang, which proves that Jianyuan and Yuanguang did not pursue their own lives later.
In order to further strengthen the power of the monarch, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty supervised local strongmen and officials by issuing imperial history. In BC, the whole country was divided into thirteen prisons, each called the Ministry, and each sent a secretariat. The middle secretariat is called the captain of Li Si, and the other 12 states are called secretariats. At that time, the position of the secretariat was quite high, equivalent to an imperial envoy, and he was away all the year round and had his own office in the local area. As far as the name "historical secretariat" itself is concerned, it already has this feature. "Stabbing" means stabbing to death, that is, investigating illegal acts, and "history" refers to the envoys sent by the emperor.
5. The strategy of employing people When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed officials, it was diversified. Officials with more than 2,000 stones can make their descendants officials through the appointment system; Rich people can become officials through "election"; The descendants of sages can be taken care of, for example, Jia Yi's two sons are taken care of by the county magistrate. However, what is particularly striking is that Liang Wudi employs people on their own merits and does not stick to one pattern. For example, Wei Ruyun's son-in-law was chosen from the handmaiden. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were selected from slaves and slave children respectively. The Prime Minister Gong Sunhong, Yu Shiguang, and the Prince Zhu and others were all selected from poor civilians. -ancient empire Zhang Tang, Du Zhou,, are selected from small officials. It is particularly noteworthy that some generals appointed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were Yue and Huns. Jin Ri _ (sound: Jin Mi Di), a Xiongnu prisoner and a slave who raised horses in the palace, was chosen as a senior official and entrusted orphans to Huo Guang and Shangguan Jie. These conditions show that the selection of talents by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is not limited by class background and ethnic differences. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is a meritocracy, saying, "Broaden the road of artistic ability, learn from others' strengths", and "those who test different talents in counties and counties can make the country unique". It means that as long as they are willing to fight for the cause of the Han Dynasty, people with artistic talent and talent, people who can be generals and people who can go to distant countries can get jobs. It is precisely because of this that Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty has many talents. Ban Gu was surprised and said, "People who have won the Han Dynasty are prosperous here!" The appearance of this phenomenon deserves serious study.
In four years BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty declared to the world that he had caused sufferings to the people, and he never resorted to war, wasted people and money, and even expressed his inner remorse. This is the "crime of wheel platform". This imperial edict is the first imperial edict in the history of China.
Military During the Western Han Dynasty, especially during the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the national strength was strong and the powerful Xiongnu Empire was defeated. The territory of China today was established from the Western Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty was the biggest period of the Han Dynasty, with the arctic desert in the north, lush mountains in the west, Korea in the east and the sea in the south. During the period of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions and opened up the Silk Road. He set China's eyes on the world for the first time. The envoys of Korea arrived in Dawan, Kangju, Da Yue, Daxia, Rest in Peace, Tidu (India), Khotan, _ _, (Alexandria, Egypt) and other neighboring countries. It opened up the Silk Road connecting Eurasia. Among them, Li Xuan, the farthest place to reach, is located in Alexandria, Egypt, which is the farthest country reached by the envoys of the Han Dynasty. The silk trade between Europe, Asia and Africa was thus formed.
Defeating Xiongnu from BC to BC, Emperor Wudi sent troops to fight against Xiongnu many times. There are three decisive battles: Henan Campaign, Hexi Campaign and Mobei Campaign. In BC, Xiongnu nobles invaded Shanggu (Huailai County, Hebei Province) and Yuyang with 20,000 cavalry. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent general Wei Qing to ride a horse out of the cloud (Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia) and go west to Longxi (Longdong) to recover the Hetao area and sweep away the military strongholds invaded by Xiongnu. -Wei Qing adopted the method of circuitous attack, outflanked from the rear, and drove away the Loufan King and the Aries King of Xiongnu in one fell swoop, thus removing the threat of Chang 'an. So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Shuofang County and Wuyuan County there, placed thousands of people, rebuilt the old Great Wall of Qin Dynasty, and sent troops to station there. Wei Qing was promoted to Changping Hou. In BC, Wei Qing led the cavalry to drive away the Xiongnu right Wang Xian, captured more than one Xiongnu prince alive and returned home in triumph. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promoted Wei Qing as a general and became the commander-in-chief of the whole army. In the second year, in the battle with Xiongnu, an old general Huo Qubing appeared. He is Wei Qing's nephew. Once, he took the lead and led the cavalry into the Xiongnu camp for hundreds of miles, winning a great victory. On this basis, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made him the top scholar and built him a rich house for him to see. Huo Qubing said: "The Huns are not extinct, and there is no home!" . BC. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing out of Longxi, crossed Yanqi Mountain (Rouge Mountain in the southeast of Shandan County, Gansu Province) to the west, and entered the territory of Xiongnu for more than 1,000 miles, where he fought hand-to-hand with the Xiongnu army and won a great victory. -In the summer of the same year, Huo Qubing made the second Western Expedition, crossed Yanze (Juyanhai, Inner Mongolia), attacked Qilian Mountain, and defeated the Xiongnu army. The Xiongnu nobles in Hexi suffered heavy losses. In the same year, the Xiongnu nobles split internally, and the evil king of Xiongnu led 40 thousand people to surrender to the Han Dynasty. After this campaign, Han established four counties, Wuwei, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Dunhuang, which were called "Hexi Four Counties" in history. Since then, the road of communication between Han and the western regions has been opened. The Mobei campaign in BC was the largest. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to lead thousands of cavalry and hundreds of thousands of infantry, starting from Dingxiang County (southeast of Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia) and Dai Jun County (Yuxian County, Hebei Province) respectively, and * * * attacked Xiongnu Khan (Xiongnu leader) in Mobei. Wei Qing crossed the desert (Gobi Desert) more than 1000 miles to the north and reached Khotan Mountain (Mongolian Hang 'ai Mountain Range), killing more than 10,000 people. Huo Qubing walked many kilometers, pursued Xiongnu Zuo Wang Xianbing to Xushan (Mount Kent, Mongolia), captured more than 10,000 enemies, drank horses in the vast sea, and arrived at today's Lake Baikal (Russia). The Battle of Mobei dealt a fatal blow to the Huns, and there was a situation that the Huns were far away and there was no Wang Ting in the desert south. From then on, Xiongnu moved north to Mobei and west. From Shuofang in the north of the Han Dynasty to Lingju in the west (Yongdeng, Gansu), 10,000 officials were stationed in the fields to strengthen their defense. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty won the war against Xiongnu, which made the country more unified. The "indulgence of cattle and horses, accumulation of livestock and wild spread" inside and outside the Great Wall have created extremely favorable conditions for economic and cultural development. The Xiongnu Empire began to decline. -
Exploring the Western Regions and Exploring the Great Bay: The Great Bay is located in the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan. After Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered an emissary to take two hundred and twenty-two thousand golden horses and a golden horse to the capital, Dawan, asking for a blood horse. However, King Dawan refused to regard the blood horse as the national treasure of Dawan. The envoys of the Han Dynasty swore in front of him, smashed the golden horse and turned away, so they were furious, killed the mission and took away the gold and silver treasures. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty flew into a rage when he heard that the messenger had been killed and his property robbed. He appointed Li Guangli as the general of the Second Division and sent tens of thousands of troops to explore Dawan. In the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (200 BC), Li Guangli was ordered to make an expedition to Dawan. The Han army was large and powerful. Small countries along the way did not dare to confront each other, and rushed out of Kaesong to provide food and drinking water. Only Luntai (Luntai, Xinjiang) resisted the Han army and sealed the city. The Han army besieged the city for several days and slaughtered the wheel platform. Since then, no one has dared to stop it. Directly attack Guishan City, the capital of Dawan, first cut off its water source, then surround Guishan City, attack it day and night, break its outer city, and kill the brave general of Dawan. At last, there was infighting within the Dawan ruling group, and its nobles complained bitterly about King Dawan, so * * * killed him and sent him to the Han camp to make peace with him, expressing his willingness to drive the good horses out for the Han army to choose. From then on, Dawan belonged to the Western Han Dynasty. Li Guangli ordered a surname Shangguan Jie to attack Yucheng. After fierce fighting, Yu Chengcheng's defenders finally couldn't resist the enemy, defeated and surrendered, and Yu fled to a comfortable nest. Shangguan Jie led the army to Kangzhou and asked for important people in Kangzhou. Seeing that Dayuan was broken, Kangju handed Yucheng to Shangguan Jie. Shangguan Jie's knights killed Yu on the road. The defeat of the Han army in Dawan had a great influence on the Western Regions. All countries in the western regions sent their children to contribute to the Han Dynasty and took them as hostages. Surrender to the western regions. Battle of Che (Gu): In the third year of Emperor Yuan Feng of the Han Dynasty (400 BC), he ordered Zhao Ponu, the state of Pahou, to defeat Gu and conquer Wusun, Dawan and other western countries. In the fourth year (BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Hou Mantong (called Ma Tong) to lead 10,000 cavalry to attack Xiongnu, passing through the north of the automobile market. Yong Ming Cheng led troops from Loulan, Yuli, and other western countries to attack Cheshi, so as to remove obstacles to the advance of the army. The soldiers surrounded the chariot and the chariot surrendered, and the minister belonged to Korea. Battle of Loulan: In the third year of Yuanfeng (400 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhao Ponu, a ticket collector, to lead tens of thousands of troops to attack Gu Shi (a chariot driver) and Loulan. Gu also repeatedly attacked and killed Ambassador Han. Zhao Ponu let Wang Hui, who was chased and intercepted by Loulan, be a pioneer, and led his men to break Loulan and capture Loulan Wang alive. Loulan surrendered to the Western Han Dynasty. Battle of Qiuci: After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty passed through the Western Regions, Li Guangli returned to the army through Mi Mi, which coincided with Lai Dan's taking hostage in Qiuci. Li Guangli sent someone to question King Qiuci. King Qiuci listened to Gu Yi's advice and sent troops to attack and kill Lai Dan. Later, he got scared and wrote a letter to apologize. In the third year (300 BC), the Duke Chang of Luo often took care of Wusun and sent troops to defeat the Xiongnu. On the way back to Korea, he wrote, please attack Qiuci and pay for the crime of killing Lai Dan. Chang Hui mobilized 10,000 troops to the west of Qiuci, and sent envoys to mobilize 10,000 troops from all countries to the east of Qiuci, so that Wu Sun sent troops to attack Qiuci on three sides. King Qiuci was shocked and told him that Lai Dan was killed by the former king after listening to Gu Yi's words, which had nothing to do with himself, and took Gu Yi to see Chang Hui. Chang Hui beheaded Gu Yi and stopped fighting. Battle of shache: After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty passed through the Western Regions, shache established friendly relations with the Western Han Dynasty and sent his son to the Han Dynasty as a hostage. In the first year of Han Yuankang, Feng escorted the envoys of Dawan and other countries to return home and passed through Shanshan City. Song Jiang, a captain of the Han Dynasty stationed here, reported shache's misconduct to him. At this time, the western regions all protected Ji Zheng in the northern countries. Feng discussed with the agreement that if shache was not attacked immediately, it would be difficult to subdue shache when it was powerful, which would inevitably endanger Han's rule in the Western Regions. So Feng ordered soldiers from all over the world to attack shache and shache, and called for the slaughter of suicides. Feng Li established the King of shache and other kings of Kun. Rebellions in other countries were also quelled, and the rule of the Western Han Dynasty was restored here.
In BC, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conquered Korea, he sent troops to attack by land and water and destroyed Wei's Korea, which was entrenched in the northern part of the Korean peninsula. In BC, after the unification of the old territory by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, local administrative regions were divided there, and Lelang County (about South Pyongan Province in present-day Korea, and Wang Xiancheng, the capital of old Weishi Korea, is located on the south bank of Datong River in present-day Korea), Xuantu County (about Hamgyong Road in present-day Korea), Fan Zhen County (about one in the Yellow Sea Road in North Korea and one in Gyeonggi Road in North Korea) and Lintun County (about gangwon in present-day Korea) were under the jurisdiction of four counties. Obviously, the establishment of the "Four Counties of Han Dynasty" shows that Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty has brought the northern part of the Korean Peninsula under the rule of the Han Empire.
In the spring of five years of opening up Ding Yuan, Fujian crossed Liang Wudi, killed the King of South Vietnam, the Empress Dowager and the Han ambassador, and annihilated the Han army Qian Qiu. That autumn, Emperor Wu sent soldiers such as Lü bode and yangfu to conquer South Vietnam along the waterway in five ways. In the winter of six years in Ding Yuan, the Han army captured Panyu, the capital of South Vietnam, and captured Lu Jia, the king of South Vietnam. South Vietnam is dead. In South Vietnam, Han Jianli established Nanhai, Bor, Zhu Kui, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaotoe, Old Town, Rinan and other counties. In the autumn of the sixth year in Ding Yuan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered an adventurous conquest of East Vietnam. In the first year of Yuanfeng (the year before last), Han armies from all walks of life entered the border of East Vietnam. Hou Yi, whose ancestral home was in Yue State, colluded with Yu Shan and surrendered to Han. In view of the treacherous terrain in Fujian and Vietnam, Liang Wudi made many attempts to fight against Han, and ordered various generals to move the local people to Jianghuai area. Fujian and Vietnam are dead. At this point, East Vietnam and South Vietnam, which had been semi-independent for a long time, belonged to the Han Dynasty, and the southern territory reached the southern part of Vietnam today.
In the sixth year of AD (BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited the southwest, worshipped Tang Meng as a doctor too much, entered Yelang from Bashu, surrendered Yelang Hou Duotong, and divided his land into Qianwei County. In the west of Shu County, the princes of Qionglai and Ruo also requested to join them. "For example, Nanyi (Yelang) is an example." "Sima Xiangru, a Shu person, also said that Qionglai could be a county in the west." So in the fifth year of Yuanguang (500 BC), the Han Dynasty ordered that a captain be set up in Qiongyan area, and Yuxian county was under the jurisdiction of Shu county. In the third year of Yuanshou (400 BC), the Han Dynasty actively prepared to redevelop Southwest Yi. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (BC), the Han army leveled South Vietnam. After that, "tens of thousands of people who crossed Yunnan Road were beheaded, and Suiping was reduced to _ _ county." Hou Yelang set out to fight in South Guangdong, which broke down and punished the rebels, so Yelang entered the DPRK. I thought Yelang Wang. "The Han Dynasty completely controlled Yelang area. Then, all the officials who rebelled against the Han Dynasty, such as Joan Jun, Yan Hou, and Ran _, were shocked and demanded to be appointed officials. The Han Dynasty "thought that Guangdong (Yue) county, Yan was a divine county, Ran was a Wenshan county, and Guanghan West Baima was a Wudu county". Yi Xi in western Sichuan was completely ruled by the Han Dynasty. The king of Yunnan in the Han Dynasty was conquered by foreign troops in the south, but was opposed by all the allies in Yunnan, Laojin and Mimo. It is convenient for the Han Dynasty to send troops to destroy Laojin and Mimo in the second year of Yuanfeng (BC). " When the soldiers arrived in Yunnan, the king of Yunnan began to get better, and the whole country fell. Please send officials to the DPRK. "So the Han Dynasty set up Yizhou County in Yunnan and gave it to Wang Yin, Yunnan, to repay its people. At this point, the Han Dynasty basically brought the southwest Yi area into its rule.
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the central government was unable to educate the capital because of its constant conquest of foreign countries. Abundance has become a dilemma of making ends meet. "And the rich, wealthy businessmen, or _ financially poor, turn to _ 100, abandon the city, and you bow your heads." Dajia, a wealthy businessman, is as rich as an enemy, which is in sharp contrast with the financial difficulties of the central government. In addition to rapidly increasing fiscal revenue by conferring the title of martial arts, the central government also "smelts and cooks salt, makes money or exhausts its resources to fish, and does not help the country's urgent needs, making people miserable." So the son of heaven and the minister discussed that they should make more money to feed them and destroy the adulterer. "Increasing the central fiscal revenue and cracking down on big businessmen is the original intention of the monetary system reform of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, in order to meet the needs of the central government's economic management and political rule, he attached great importance to solving the currency system problem, and carried out six currency system reforms successively, which basically solved the currency system problem that had not been solved since the early Han Dynasty. On the one hand, it stabilized the finance, on the other hand, it reunified the local coinage right with the central government. After six reforms, the issue of "three officials and five baht" solved the problem of private casting and stolen casting that plagued the finance of the Western Han Dynasty for many years, and the monetary reform of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty achieved great success.
Salt and Iron Official Camp Salt and Iron Official Camp has continued since the Han Dynasty, and salt and iron tea is still mainly controlled by the government and state-owned enterprises. The implementation of this system enables the state to monopolize the profits of handicrafts and commerce, which are of the most important significance to the national economy and people's livelihood.
Culturally, Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" was adopted. Economically, the idea of Sang Hongyang is adopted, and the government directly manages transportation and trade; The military appointed Wei Qing and Huo Qubing as generals, which eased the threat of Xiongnu, unified the present Guangdong and Guangxi regions and promoted the economic and cultural development. He is good at poetry and songs, attaches importance to the scholars from all directions and attaches importance to cultural construction. For the first time in history, the government ordered the nationwide collection of books, which opened the way for book donation. The strategy of building a library is to put officials in charge of books, and all kinds of books are widely filled in the secret room. For decades, history has called "books accumulate like mountains". At that time, the collections of Taichang, a surname and doctors were all in the government library, and there were houses in the palace, such as Yan Ge, Guangnei and the Secret Room, with a huge collection of books. The royal family and government have an unprecedented wealth of books. This is the first national library with clear records in the history of China.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created several firsts in the development history of the Chinese nation. According to Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting the Six Classics alone" means that Confucianism is regarded as feudal orthodoxy, and scholars who hold legalism and Taoism are excluded. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also vigorously promoted Confucian education and held the imperial academy in Chang 'an. Imperial academy, the highest institution of learning in ancient China, took the Five Classics of Confucianism as the main teaching material and did not learn other theories. "To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect the Six Classics alone" has ruled the traditional cultural stage of China for more than 2,000 years, and it has been highly praised by rulers of past dynasties. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not restrict the development of other schools, but strongly advocated the development of Confucianism and the combination of Confucianism and law. This is the so-called "Confucianism showing law". For example, Xiahou Shichang studied Confucianism and was familiar with Yin-Yang and Five Elements. The prime minister also ruled Confucianism and Legalism; Zhufuyan started as a strategist; Sima Qian, a loyal Ji 'an Sima Tan, started from the theory of Huang Lao.
At first, the calendar was changed to taichu calendar in the first year (BC), with the first month as the beginning of the year, and the color was still yellow. The formulation of taichu calendar Law is an important calendar reform in the history of China and an immortal contribution of Chinese civilization to world astronomy. The scientific achievement of taichu calendar method lies in the precision and accuracy of calendar calculation. Before the early Han Dynasty, China mainly adopted the "Zhuan Xu Calendar" in the "Ancient Six Calendars" (Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Xia, Yin, Zhou and Lu).
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty founded imperial academy, established imperial academy and after having obtained the provincial examinations, and established the system of recommending talents, thus forming a unique civil service system in China.
Yuefu Yuefu refers to the official government that manages music. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Yuefu official office in addition to Taiyue official office, which was in charge of pop music and collecting folk songs. "Reading poems at night is entrusted by Zhao, Dai, Qin and Chu", "I thought that a captain of Xielv had led dozens of people to write poems and fu, and briefly discussed the law, with a total of 19 chapters and eight tones". Poems sung by later generations along with the music of Yuefu organs are also called Yuefu. -
Diplomatic communication technologies such as iron smelting, well sinking, silk making and lacquer making were introduced from China to the Western Regions, and pumpkin, cowpea, flax, pomegranate, carrot, grape, blood horse, walnut and gastrodia elata were introduced from the West. A large number of silk fabrics and metal tools from the Central Plains were transported to the Western Regions, and the cast iron technology and water well drainage methods were also spread to the Western Regions, which has important historical significance.
Opening up the Silk Road, the connection between the western regions and the mainland began in the distant historical era. By the sixth century BC, the western regions were divided into 36 countries, which were not unified with each other. There are Wusun, Qiemo and other countries in Junggar grassland north of Tianshan Mountain. Tarim basin, south of Tianshan Mountain and north of Kunlun Mountain, is divided into south China and north China. Northern countries include Kuqa (Kuqa in Xinjiang), Shule, Yanqi (Yanqi in Xinjiang) and Cheshi (Turpan in Xinjiang). The South China includes shache (shache, Xinjiang), Khotan (Hotan, Xinjiang), Loulan (Lop Nur, Xinjiang) and other countries. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Zhang Qian as a corps commander, led more than 300 attache, and carried a large number of gold coins, silks, cattle and sheep to the Western Regions. After Zhang Qian arrived in Wusun, although he didn't achieve his original goal, he traveled to Dawan, Kangju, Yueshi, Daxia and other countries. When Zhang Qian came back in the second year (200 BC), Wusun sent dozens of envoys to Chang 'an with Zhang Qian. Since then, the envoys sent by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty have been to Rest in Peace (Persia), ptomaine (India), Amaricai (between the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea), Tiaozhi (the country of rest in peace) and Li Xuan (Alexandria, Egypt, which belongs to Rome), and the envoys of China have also been warmly welcomed by the 20,000 people of the Rest in Peace Special Organization. Since then, the Silk Road has been officially opened. It opened up a trade channel connecting Chang 'an in the East, the Western Roman Empire and Alexandria in Egypt as far away as possible. In the third year of Yuanfeng (BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhao Ponu to lead an army to attack Loulan and the automobile market, and set up a pavilion in Jiuquan (Jiuquan, Gansu) to Yumenguan as a grain and grass supply post and defense post. In the first year of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty (400 BC), Li Guangli was sent to Dawan. After defeating Dawan, the traffic in the western regions was smoother. In the Western Han Dynasty, a captain was set up in Loulan, Quli (north of Tarim River in Xinjiang) and Luntai (east of Kuche County in Xinjiang) to manage the reclamation. This is the earliest military and political institution established by the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions. In fact, the Western Regions have been formally incorporated into Chinese territory.
Fourth, the birthday dispute.
The Queen Mother of Historical Records said, "Emperor Xiaowen died, Emperor Xiaojing succeeded to the throne, and Mr. Wang was born as a man." However, Suoyin's Hanwu Story said that "the Emperor was born in the Temple of Heaven on July 7, the year of Yiyou", and the Queen Mother of Hanshu said that "the Emperor Wen collapsed before he was born, the Emperor Jing ascended the throne, and the husband Wang gave birth to a man." In Historical Records and Hanshu, Emperor Wu was born after Emperor Jingdi ascended the throne and was pregnant before Emperor Wen died. When Wendi died in June in the next seven years (65438 BC+July 6 BC), Emperor Wudi was pregnant, and Jingdi ascended the throne in June (65438 BC+July 65438 BC+04 BC). For example, according to the story of Hanwu, "Emperor Wu was born on July 7th in the year of Yiyou", then Emperor Wu was born on July 7th in the year of Emperor Jing Yiyou (BC 156, 3 1 year in July), which is the same as the Historical Records and the record that "Emperor Wen collapsed before his birth and Emperor Jing ascended the throne". Moreover, the pregnancy was more than 13 months (before pregnancy, Wendi died on July 6, BC 157 to Wudi was born on July 65436, BC1year). Therefore, the date of birth of Emperor Wu should be based on the records in Historical Records and Hanshu that "Emperor Wen collapsed in life, Emperor Jing succeeded to the throne, and Wang Fusheng gave birth to a boy".
"Historical Records" Han Wudi Ben Jiyun "filial piety for four years, with the prince as the king of Jiaodong. In the seventh year of Xiaojing, Prince Li was abolished as Linjiang King and Jiaodong King as Prince. In the sixteenth year of Xiaojing's death, the Prince ascended the throne as Emperor Xiaowu. " Ji Yun, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, became king of Jiaodong at the age of four. At the age of seven, he was the crown prince and his mother was the queen. Sixteen years old, in the first month of the last three years, Jingdi collapsed. Jiazi, the prince is the emperor. "According to Historical Records and Hanshu, Liang Wudi was born in the first year of Jingdi (BC 156) and was one year old. At the age of four, he became the king of Jiaodong, and at the age of seven, he became the crown prince. At the age of sixteen, Prince Xiaojing ascended the throne as Emperor Xiaowu, who was born in the first year of Emperor Jingdi (BC 156). According to historical records and Hanshu, the Queen Mother said that "Emperor Jingdi ascended the throne, and the husband gave birth to a boy", and Emperor Wudi should have been born on the day when Emperor Jingdi ascended the throne in June of the seventh year after Emperor Wen (157 BC, 14 July).
If you were born in March or the spring before March in the first year of Emperor Han Jing (156 BC), if you were born in the seventh year after Emperor Han Wen (157 BC), you should be born in June or the second half of June after Emperor Han Jing ascended the throne.