Basic Introduction Title: Crop Breeding Technology (2nd Edition) Author: Dong Bingyou, Zhang Lin Editor-in-Chief ISBN :9787 122300980 Page: 256 Page Publication Date: 2065438+September 2007 Binding: Paperback Format: 16 Publication Information, Content Introduction, Book Catalogue, Publication date: 2065438+September 2007, ISBN: 978-7- 122-30098-0 Format: 1 6k787×109216 Binding: Paperback Edition: 2nd Edition16. Wide backcross breeding, utilization of heterosis, mutation breeding, distant hybridization breeding, ploidy breeding, pest-resistant breeding, application of biotechnology in crop breeding and approval, registration, protection and utilization of new varieties. In addition, in order to improve the practical skills of crop breeding students, relevant practical skills training contents are also designed. Book catalog introduction 1

Significance of crop breeding and its relationship with other disciplines 1

I. Crop evolution and genetic improvement 1

Second, the significance and development of crop breeding

Third, the relationship between crop breeding and other disciplines 4

Section 2 Crop Varieties and Their Functions 4

I. Concept of crop varieties 4

Second, the role of excellent crop varieties in agricultural production 5

Section 3 Achievements and Prospects of Crop Breeding 6

I. Main Achievements of Crop Breeding in China 6

Two. Prospect of crop breeding work 8

Thinking about question 9

Chapter 1 Breeding Objectives 10

Section 1 Requirements of Modern Agriculture for Crop Breeding Objectives 10

First, the high yield of 10

Second, the quality traits 16

Iii. Stable production 20

4. The suitable growth period is 2 1.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) adapts to agricultural mechanization 2 1

Section II General Principles for Determining Crop Breeding Objectives 22

Thinking about question 23

Skills training 1- 1 Preparation of breeding materials before sowing 23

Skills Training 1-2 Determination of Gluten Content and protein Content of Wheat 28

Skills Training 1-3 Determination of Flour Settling Value 29

Chapter II Germplasm Resources 3 1

Section 1 Importance of Germplasm Resources in Breeding 3 1

I. Concept of Germplasm Resources 3 1

Second, the important role of germplasm resources in crop breeding 3 1

In the second quarter, the theory of crop origin center and its development 33

I. vavilov's theory of the center of origin of crops 33

Second, the development of the theory of crop origin center 34

Section III Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources

I. Species and characteristics of germplasm resources 36

II. Collection of Germplasm Resources 37

Three. Germplasm resources protection

Four. Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources

Thinking about question 44

Skills Training 2- 1 Observation and Identification of Maize Germplasm Resources 45

Skills training 2-2 Identification and identification of wheat varieties and variants 46 pages

Skills Training 2-3 Understanding and Identifying Rice Variety Resources 47

Skill Training 2-4 Identification and Identification of Different Millet Varieties 49

Chapter III Crop Breeding Mode and Breeding 5 1

Section 1 Crop Breeding Mode 5 1

I. Sexual reproduction 5 1

Second, asexual reproduction 52

Three. Research methods of crop pollination methods 53 pages

Section 2 Genetic characteristics of crops with different propagation methods and their relationship with breeding 54

I. Self-pollinated crops 54

Second, cross-pollinated crops 54

Third, cross-pollinated crops 55

Four. An asexual crop

Section 3 Crop Variety Types and Breeding Characteristics 55

I. Types of crop varieties 55

Second, the breeding characteristics of varieties 57

Thinking about question 58

Chapter IV Selection and Evaluation 59

The first section selection principles and methods 59

I. The meaning of choice 59

Second, the basic principles of choice 59

Three. Selected role 60

Fourth, the basic method of choosing 6 1

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Crop breeding methods and common selection methods 62 pages

In the second quarter, character recognition 63

I. The Role of Person Recognition 63

Second, the general principles of character recognition on page 64

Three. Character recognition method 65

Thinking about question 66

Skills Training 4- 1 Field Investigation and Laboratory Test of Wheat Breeding Materials 66

Skills Training 4-2 Field Investigation and Laboratory Test of Rice Breeding Materials 68

4-3 Skills training of field investigation and laboratory test of soybean breeding materials 70

Skills Training 4-4 Field Investigation and Laboratory Test of Maize Breeding Materials 73

Chapter V Introduction and Breeding

Section I Introduction 75

First, the role of introduction in the development of agricultural production 75

II. Principles of Introduction 76

Three. The relationship between important ecological factors, variety characteristics and introduction 78

Four, crop introduction 79 pages

Verb (abbreviation of verb) introduces procedures and methods 8 1

Section 2 Selection Breeding 82

I. Brief history and function of selective breeding 82

Second, the significance and characteristics of selective breeding 83

III. Principles of Selective Breeding 84

IV. Selection of Breeding Scheme 85

V. Several Issues on Improving Breeding Efficiency 9 1

Thinking about question 92

Chapter VI Hybrid Breeding 93

The first section parental choice 93

I. Choosing the Right Parents 94

Second, the establishment of a reasonable combination of 95

Section 2 Hybridization Methods and Techniques 98

First, the hybrid mode 98

Second, the hybrid technology 100

Section 3 Treatment of Hybrid Offspring 103

I. Genealogy Method 103

Second, the mixed method 106

III. Derived System Method 107

Four, single seed transfer method 107

Section IV Hybrid Breeding Procedures and Methods for Accelerating Breeding Process 109

I. Hybrid Breeding Plan 109

Second, the method of accelerating the breeding process 1 10

Thinking about the problem 1 1 1

Skills training 6- 1 wheat sexual hybridization technology 1 1 1

6-2 Technical Skills Training of Soybean Sexual Hybridization 1 12

6-3 Technical Skills Training of Sexual Hybridization in Rice 1 14

Chapter 7 Backcross Breeding 1 17

Section 1 Characteristics and Genetic Effects of Backcross Breeding 1 17

First, the concept and significance of backcross breeding 1 17

Advantages and disadvantages of backcross breeding 1 18

Third, the genetic law of backcross breeding 1 18

Section 2 Backcross Breeding Techniques 120

I. Parents' Choice 120

Second, the number of backcrosses 120

The number of plants required for backcross is 12 1.

Four, backcross breeding program 122

Thinking about problems 126

Chapter VIII Utilization of Heterosis 127

Section 1 Overview of heterosis utilization and its performance characteristics 127

A brief history and present situation of heterosis utilization in 127

II. Types and Determination of Heterosis 128

Third, the performance characteristics of heterosis 129

Four. Fixation of heterosis 130

Comparison between the utilization of heterosis of verb (abbreviation of verb) and conventional cross breeding 13 1

Section 2 Genetic basis of heterosis 13 1

Section III Breeding of Hybrid Variety 133

I. Basic Principles of Utilizing Heterosis 133

Second, the characteristics of heterosis utilization of crops with different propagation methods 134

Breeding and improvement of inbred line 134

IV. Combining Ability and Its Determination 137

5. Parents Selection Principles of Hybrid Variety 139

Six, hybrid varieties type 140

VII. Ways to Utilize Heterosis 142

Eight, the breeding program of heterosis utilization 144

Section 4 Application of Male Sterility in Utilization of Heterosis 145

First, the significance of using male sterile lines for seed production 145

Second, the genetic type of male sterility 145

Third, the application of cytoplasmic male sterility 147

4. Application of Genic Male Sterile Line 150

Section 5 Breeding and Utilization of Self-incompatibility Line 150

I. Crop Self-incompatibility 150

Second, the utilization of self-incompatibility in heterosis 15 1

Section 6 Production Technology of Crops Hybrid Seeds 152

I. Land Selection and Isolation 152

II. Specifications of Seed Sowing in Field 153

Three. Fine management 154

Iv. Forecast method of flowering period 154

V. Removing impurities and defects 155

Six, emasculation and artificial pollination 155

VII. Collection and storage 156

Thinking about problems 156

Skills Training 8- 1 Maize Self-cross and Hybrid Technology 156

Skills Training 8-2 Plot Harvest in Breeding Experimental Field 158

Skills Training 8-3 Nursery Observation of Breeding Experimental Field 159

Chapter 9 Mutation Breeding 16 1

Section 1 Basis, Characteristics and Significance of Mutation Breeding 16 1

First, the basis of mutation breeding 16 1

Second, the characteristics of mutation breeding 162

Iii. Significance of Mutation Breeding 163

Mutagenic factors in the second quarter 163

I. Physical mutation 163

II. Chemical Mutation 170

Three. Specificity and compound treatment of physicochemical mutant 172

Section 3 Methods and Procedures of Mutation Breeding 173

I. Selection of treatment materials 173

Second, the determination of mutagen dosage 173

Three. Determination of treatment population size 173

Four. Selection of offspring after mutation treatment 174

V. Characteristics of Different Propagation Methods of Crop Mutation Treatment 175

Six, mutation breeding program 176

Section IV Methods for Improving Mutation Breeding Efficiency 176

1. According to the factors that affect the mutation effect, take corresponding measures to improve the efficiency of mutation breeding.

Second, other methods to improve the efficiency of mutation breeding 177

Thinking about problems 177

Chapter 10 Distant Cross Breeding 179

Section 1 Concept and function of distant hybridization 179

First, the concept of distant hybridization 179

Second, the important role of distant hybridization in breeding 179

Section 2 Reasons for incompatibility of distant hybridization and its overcoming methods 182

1. Distant hybridization incompatibility and its causes 182

Second, the methods to overcome the incompatibility of distant hybridization 183

Section III Premature Death and Infertility of Distant Hybrids and Their Overcoming Methods 185

First, the premature death and sterility of distant hybrid 185.

Second, the method to overcome the premature death and infertility of distant hybrid 186.

Section IV Isolation and Selection of Offspring from Distant Hybrids 187

1. Character separation and genetic characteristics of distant hybrid progeny 187

Second, the control of distant hybridization offspring separation 188

3. Processing and Breeding Techniques of Distant Hybrid Offspring 188

Thinking about problems 189

Chapter 11 Ploidy Breeding 190

Section 1 Polyploid Breeding 190

I. Species, Origin and Significance of Plant Polyploids 190

Second, polyploid breeding technology 193

Section 2 Haploid and Its Application in Breeding 198

I. Sources, Types and Characteristics of Haploid 198

Second, the ways and methods of inducing haploid 199

Identification and diploid of haploid 20 1

Iv. Application of Haploid in Breeding 202

Thinking about question 202

Chapter 12 Breeding against Diseases and Insects 204

Section 1 Significance and characteristics of disease-resistant and insect-resistant breeding 204

I. Concepts of crop disease resistance and insect resistance 204

Second, the significance and role of disease and pest resistance breeding 204

Third, the characteristics of disease and insect resistance breeding 205

In the second quarter, the types and mechanisms of crop resistance to diseases and insect pests 205

I. Pathogenicity and Variation of Pathogenic Bacteria 206

Two. Species of crops resistant to diseases and insect pests

Three. Anti-pest mechanism 209

Section 3 Inheritance and Identification of Insect Resistance 2 10

I. Inheritance of pest resistance 2 10

Two. Gene to gene theory 2 10

Three. Identification of pest resistance 2 12

Section 4 Breeding and Utilization of Insect-resistant Varieties 2 13

I. Anti-source Collection and Innovation 2 13

Second, the method of breeding insect-resistant varieties 2 14

Third, the utilization strategy of disease-resistant variety 2 15

Thinking about problem 2 16

Chapter XIII Application of Biotechnology in Crop Breeding 2 17

Section 1 Application of Cell and Tissue Culture in Crop Breeding 2 17

1. Somatic Variation and Mutant Screening 2 18

Application of in vitro culture technology in plant breeding 2 19

Three. Other uses of cell and tissue culture techniques 220

Section II Protoplast Culture and Somatic Hybridization of Crops 22 1

I. isolation and culture of protoplasts 22 1

Second, somatic hybridization technology 223

Three. Selection of hybrid cells 225

Four. Identification of hybrid cells 225

Verb (abbreviation of verb) induces hybrid cells to produce callus and regenerate plants.

Section III Application of Genetic Engineering in Crop Breeding

I. Acquisition of target gene 227

Second, the carrier system and its transformation 228

Three. Preparation of recombinant DNA 229

Four. Genetic transformation of plants 229

V identification of transgenic plants 23 1

Section 4 Molecular Markers and Breeding 23 1

I classification of molecular markers 23 1

Second, the construction of genetic map 232

Three. Molecular marker gene mapping 233

Four, the application of molecular markers in germplasm resources research on page 235.

Application of verb (abbreviation of verb) molecular marker in assisted selection 235

Section 5 Production Procedures and Methods of Artificial Seeds 236

I. Concept and research progress of artificial seeds 236

Second, the structure and development significance of artificial seeds 236

Three. Production of artificial seeds

Four. Existing problems and prospects

Thinking about question 238

Chapter XIV Approval, Registration, Protection and Utilization of New Varieties

The first section variety regional test and production test 240

I. regional trials 240

Second, the production test and cultivation test 242

Third, the examination summary 243

In the second quarter, the new variety approval and variety registration management 243

I. Significance and Task of Variety Approval

Second, the variety approval and registration management 244

Section III Protection and Rational Utilization of New Plant Varieties

First, the significance and concept of the protection of new plant varieties

Second, the protection system of new plant varieties in China 247

III. Differences between Variety Protection and Variety Approval 250

Thinking about question 25 1

Skills training 14- 1 variety (strain) regional test summary 25 1

Reference 256