1.58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty usurped the Zhou Dynasty and established the Great Sui Dynasty, with its capital in Chang 'an, which was called Xijing. With Luoyang as its capital, it is called Tokyo. In 582, I stopped in Tokyo.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the capital of China, Bianliang, was also called Tokyo.

Tokyo refers to most parts of northern Vietnam. The Vietnamese call it Beiqi, which means "the northern border". "Tokyo" is written in Vietnamese as ng Kinh, which is the old name of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. After the French took control of northern Vietnam, they used this name to call the whole of northern Vietnam.

4. In the eighth year of Kyeongchang (1603), Tokugawa Ieyasu was made a foreign general and established a shogunate regime in Edo. After that, the Tokugawa family ruled the country for more than 260 years. In the second year of Meiji (1868), Emperor Meiji moved the capital to Edo and changed its name to Tokyo. Since then, Tokyo has become the capital of Japan. Tokyo (とぅきょぅ) is the capital of Japan and the largest city in the world. Located at the southern tip of Kanto Plain in Honshu, Tokyo governs 23 special zones, 27 cities, 5 towns, 8 villages, Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, with a total area of 2 155 square kilometers and a population of about12.64 million, making it one of the most populous cities in the world. Among them, the population of Tokyo District 23 is 8.52 million (as of August 2006), and the population of Tokyo Metropolitan Area (Tokyo Metropolitan Area) is about 34 million, making it the largest metropolitan area in the world. Tokyo is a world-class metropolis. Generally speaking, Tokyo refers to the 23rd district of Tokyo, which is the part of its capital circle. But in fact, Tokyo, as an administrative region, is called Tokyo in Japan, including three parts: Tokyo District 23, Tama District and Pacific Islands. These islands include Izu Islands, Ogasawara Islands, the easternmost Nanniao Island and the southernmost Okinawa Island. These islands are thousands of kilometers away from Tokyo. This paper mainly introduces the main part of Tokyo-Tokyo District 23. The population of Tokyo ranks first among Japanese administrative regions, reaching more than 1 1 10,000. Tokyo and nearby Chiba, Saitama and Kanagawa form the largest city circle in Japan. Railways and highways radiate from Tokyo, which is the political, economic and cultural center of Japan. If you want to visit Tokyo, you must have a traffic map. Look at the main transportation routes in Tokyo-Yamanote Line, Tokyo Metro and Du Ying Metro. Yamanote Line is the main line of JReast Railway Company around Tokyo. The main destinations of Yamanote Line are Xinli, Ueno, Akihabara, Tokyo, Xinqiao, Shinagawa, Shibuya, Shinjuku, Ikebukuro and Jiyou. Subway lines lead to various districts and neighboring counties and cities in Tokyo like cobwebs, and are connected with various private railway lines leading to the outside of the city. The main private railway lines are: Dizhi Line (mainly leading to Kanagawa), Jingwang Line (mainly connecting area 23 with Tama), Ota Line (mainly leading to tourist destinations in Kanagawa Prefecture), Seibu Line (mainly connecting western Tokyo with area 23, southwestern Saitama with Tokyo), Dizhi Line (mainly connecting northeast Kanto with Tokyo) and Jingcheng Line (Chiba and Tokyo).

The main shopping areas in Tokyo are distributed around the main stations on the Yamanote Line. The areas where department stores are concentrated are Ikebukuro, Shinjuku and Harajuku, Shibuya, Xinqiao, Ginza and Japan Bridge near Tokyo Station, which constitute the main shopping areas. There are Akihabara, which is famous for its electrical appliances, Shenbao Town, which is famous for its second-hand book market, Tsukiji Central Wholesale Market, which is famous for its aquatic products wholesale, and Ueno Hall Yokohama, which is famous for its cheap goods. The distinctive place names are nagatacho, Shimonoseki, Doomachi and Otmachi. Nagatacho is the center of the Japanese parliament and political parties. Japanese often refer to nagatacho as Japanese political circles, Shimonoseki is the seat of Japanese government ministries, and Doumachi is the seat of Tokyo stock market. Some people use it as a metaphor for Japan's securities kingdom. As for Dayou Town, which is frequented by international students, the Tokyo Immigration Bureau is located here.

Famous tourist attractions in Tokyo include Tokyo Tower, Imperial Palace, National Assembly Hall, Sensoji Temple, Hamamiya, Ueno Park and Zoo, Kasai Linhai Park, Taichang and Tokyo Disneyland. The more distinctive games are baseball and sumo. You can go to the Tokyo Stadium at Houyuan Station, which is the home of the Tokyo Giants. To watch sumo, you can go to the two countries near Akihabara, where there are both national technical museums of the two countries and many sumo wrestlers' houses (clubs), each with its own name and logo. Edo Tokyo Museum is also worth a visit. The vicinity of several major stations on the Yamanote Line is also a good place to play and visit. For example, there are many aquariums, art galleries and museums in the Sunshine Building near Ikebukuro, the Metropolitan Building near Shinjuku, kabukicho and the shopping area. Shibuya and Harajuku are the information sources of Japanese young people's fashion, music, makeup, personal belongings, hairstyles and even lifestyles. There are many traditional Japanese theaters near Ueno, Tokyo National Art Museum, National Science Museum, National Western Art Museum and Tokyo Art Museum. In the main streets of Ginza and Shinjuku, vehicles are forbidden on Sundays, which has become a paradise for pedestrians. Street performers performing arts or performances, vendors from various countries selling various handicrafts, young people playing in the streets, all kinds of people and so on.

More than 500 years ago, Tokyo was a small fishing town with a sparse population, which was then called Edo. 1457, a military commander named OTA Taoist Temple built Edo City here. Since then, it has become the commercial center of kanto region. 1603, Japan established a centralized Tokugawa shogunate, and people from all over Japan gathered, and Edo City quickly developed into a national political center. According to records, at the beginning of the19th century, the population of Edo has exceeded one million. 1868, after the Meiji Restoration in Japan, the emperor moved here from Kyoto and changed Edo to Tokyo, becoming the capital of Japan. 1943, the Japanese government issued a decree to change Tokyo to Tokyo, expanding its jurisdiction. Tokyo is the political center of Japan. Administrative, legislative, judicial and other state organs are concentrated here. Shimonoseki, known as Guanting Street, is the seat of the National Assembly Hall, the Supreme Court and government agencies affiliated to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Education. What used to be Edo City is now Miyagi, where the Emperor lives. Tokyo is also the economic center of Japan. Major Japanese companies are concentrated here. Most of them are distributed in Chiyoda District, Central District and Port Area. Tokyo is isomorphic with Yokohama in the south and Chiba in the east, forming the famous Keihama Leaf Industrial Zone in Japan. The main industries are steel, shipbuilding, machine building, chemical industry, electronics, leather, motor, fiber, petroleum, publishing, printing and precision instruments. Tokyo's financial industry and commerce are developed, and domestic and foreign commercial activities are frequent. Ginza, known as "the heart of Tokyo", is the most prosperous business district in this area. Tokyo is also the cultural and educational center of Japan. Various cultural institutions are dense, including 80% publishing houses, large and advanced national museums, western art galleries and national libraries. Universities in Tokyo account for one-third of the total number of Japanese universities, and students studying in these universities account for more than half of the total number of college students in China. As an international metropolis, Tokyo often hosts various international cultural exchange activities, such as Tokyo Music Festival and Tokyo International Film Festival.

The transportation in Tokyo is very convenient. The Shinkansen with a speed of 200 kilometers per hour extends from Tokyo to Kyushu and then to the northeast. The subway can reach almost all important areas. Railway, highway, aviation and shipping form a transportation network extending in all directions, leading to the whole country and all over the world. 1979 March 14, Tokyo and Beijing became sister cities. Administrative divisions Japan's first-level administrative divisions adopt the prefectural system, in which the only "capital" refers to Tokyo. 1943, the original two first-level administrative regions, Tokyo and Tokyo, were unified into Tokyo, but after the war (1947), the Tokyo system was abolished because of the promulgation of the Local Autonomy Law. Now Tokyo is just a local government that simply integrates the SAR with other cities, towns and villages, but it still uses the original name of Tokyo. The whole of Tokyo consists of three main geographical divisions, namely, 23 special zones, which are customarily called "Tokyo Zone 23", the suburb west of Zone 23 is called "Samodo Zone", and some islands in the Pacific Ocean, which are administratively under the jurisdiction of Tokyo. The east side of Tokyo's 23rd District covers the vast lowlands of the estuary plain formed by the Tagawa River, Arakawa River and Edogawa River, and is often called "Shimmachi". On the west side of Hekou Plain, a part of the eastern end of Musashino Platform was eroded to form a tongue-shaped platform, commonly known as "Hand of the Mountain". Today, the famous JR Yamanote Line Railway in downtown Tokyo was originally designed to connect these small stations. In the south, there is a low belt along the mouth of Tamagawa River. Up to now, land reclamation projects are still being carried out along the coast of Tokyo Bay, and new land reclaimed from the sea is also included in the scope of Area 23, such as the platform at Lany Point (platform; ぉだぃば) is a new entertainment area built on the new land of Haipu. Sandomo area is centered on the lowlands along the Tama River, including the banded suburbs composed of Musashino terraces in the north and Tama hills in the south. This area was under the jurisdiction of Tama Prefecture in Musashi Prefecture in the 7th century, and was divided into four counties in Meiji era. Later, after Totama Prefecture was merged into Tokyo and became a part of Nakano Prefecture and Suginami Prefecture, the present Totama Prefecture, Namtama Prefecture and nishitama-gun were formed. There are many large satellite cities of Tokyo in Tama area, such as Musashino City, Lichuan City, Bagong City and the famous Tama New City (Tama ニュータンン, the new city planning in Tama City). The western part of the Samodo region (nishitama-gun) has included a part of the Kanto Mountains. These islands include Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. The administrative division of this area is quite special because it is different from the independent villages and towns under the jurisdiction of states, prefectures and counties. There is no county-level administrative unit between this area and Tokyo, and all islands exist in the form of autonomous villages and towns directly under the jurisdiction of Tokyo. The southernmost island of Okinawa in Japan (Okinawa Island; ぉきのとりしま) and the easternmost Nanniao Island (みなみとりしま) are under the jurisdiction of Ogasawara Village in Tokyo. At present, Japanese, China people and other countries are still controversial about the ownership of the waters near Okinawa. The history of Tokyo can be traced back to more than 400 years ago. At that time, it was called "Edo". After Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Tokugawa shogunate here in 1603, the city began to prosper. As the political and cultural center of Japan, Edo became a big city with a population of one million in the middle of18th century. During this period, the Emperor lived in Kyoto, which is the official capital of the country. The Edo era lasted for nearly 260 years until the Meiji Restoration in 1868, when the Tokugawa era collapsed and the imperial power was revived. The emperor moved the capital to Edo and changed its name to Edo Tokyo, which became the capital of Japan. During the Meiji period (1868- 19 12), Japan became keen to absorb western European civilization. A large number of stone and brick buildings were built in the houses of feudal lords, and the roads in major cities were paved with boulders. 1869, Japan opened the first telecommunication line between Tokyo and Yokohama. 1872, the first steam locomotive began to run between Xinqiao and Yokohama. Western European hairstyles have replaced men's traditional bun, and bowler hats, high collars and skirts have become the peak of fashion. 1882, the first zoo in Japan opened in Ueno. 1885, the government adopted the cabinet system, and Ito Bowen became the first prime minister of Japan. With the promulgation of the Japanese Imperial Constitution (Meiji Constitution) in 1889, Japan established the political system of a modern nation-state. During the Taisho period (19 12- 1926), the number of urban working population increased, and the proportion of urban residents' living consumption increased. In addition, the level of education has also improved, and the number of girls entering higher girls' schools has increased. Performing arts such as drama and opera have flourished. 1923 In September, the Great Kanto Earthquake turned Tokyo into ruins. The fire caused by the earthquake leveled the city center. It is reported that more than 6,543,800 people died and their whereabouts were unknown, and 300,000 houses were destroyed. After the earthquake, the urban restoration plan was planned, but only a small part was realized because the project cost exceeded the national budget. Shortly after the Great Kanto Earthquake, the Showa era began in the dark. Even so, the first subway in Japan was opened between Asakusa and Ueno 1927. 1928, the first national election for members of the House of Representatives was held. 193 1 year Haneda Tokyo Airport was completed, 194 1 year Tokyo Port opened. By 1935, the number of people living in Tokyo has increased to 6.36 million, which is the same as the population of new york and London. However, the Pacific War that broke out in 194 1 had a great impact on Tokyo. In order to meet the needs of the war, Tokyo's original dual administrative agencies, Tokyo and Tokyo, were cancelled. 1943, prefectures and cities merged to form Tokyo. Therefore, the metropolitan administrative system was established and the chief executive was appointed. At the end of World War II, Tokyo was bombed 102 times, and the most serious air raid was on1March 945 10, which caused huge loss of life and property. 1On August 5, 945, Japan accepted the terms of the Potsdam Proclamation and the war ended. After the bombing, most of Tokyo was in ruins. By June 1945, the population had dropped to 3.49 million, half of that in June 1940. 1947 in may, Japan's new constitution and local autonomy law came into effect, and Masaichiro Yasushi was elected as the first governor of Tokyo under the new system through public voting. In August of the same year, the current 23-district system was implemented. The 1950s was a period of gradual national recovery. 1953 began TV broadcasting, 1956 Japan joined the United Nations. Especially with the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, the upsurge of special needs enabled the economy to prosper rapidly. Therefore, Japan entered a period of rapid economic growth in the 1960s. Due to technological innovation and the introduction of new industrial technology, synthetic fibers and household appliances such as televisions, refrigerators and washing machines began to enter the period of mass production during this period, which greatly changed the daily life of Tokyo residents. 1962, the population of Tokyo exceeded100000. 1964, Tokyo hosted the Olympic Games, the Shinkansen (high-speed train) began to run, and the Capital Expressway was opened, which laid the foundation for Tokyo's prosperity today. In the 1970s, the negative effects of rapid economic growth began to become increasingly obvious, and the country began to be troubled by environmental problems such as air, water pollution and high noise pollution. 1973 the oil crisis has stopped years of rapid economic growth. In 1980s, due to the increase of international economic activities and the appearance of information society, Tokyo's economic development entered a new stage. Tokyo has become one of the few metropolises in the world. It has many proud charms, such as cutting-edge technology, information, culture and fashion, and a high degree of public security. However, these rapid developments have led to a series of urban problems, such as declining environmental level, traffic congestion and inadequate preparation of relief materials. After 1986, land and stock prices began to spiral up, which is the so-called "bubble economy" phenomenon. Japan has made great progress under the bubble economy. However, with the bursting of the bubble in the early 1990s, the long-term economic malaise led to the decline of tax revenue, which led to the financial crisis of metropolitan governments. Entering the 2 1 century, Tokyo is now at a turning point in history. Through the implementation of various development policies, Tokyo is striving to overcome the crisis it faces and strive to build Tokyo into an ideal and attractive city. Tokyo is located in the south of kanto region, roughly in the center of the Japanese archipelago. It is connected with Chiba Prefecture in the east, Yamanashi Prefecture in the west, Kanagawa Prefecture in the south and saitama in the north. Tokyo Circle includes Tokyo and three neighboring counties: Saitama, Kanagawa and Chiba. The population of this area accounts for 26% of the total population of Japan. The metropolitan area consists of Tokyo and seven surrounding counties: Saitama, Kanagawa, Chiba, Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki and Yamanashi. Tokyo is a metropolitan administrative organization, which consists of smaller administrative units, including districts and cities, towns and villages. The "central" area is divided into 23 districts, and the Tama area in the west consists of 26 cities, 3 towns (towns) and 1 village (sub). Twenty-three special zones and Tama form a narrow strip, 90 kilometers wide from east to west and 25 kilometers long from north to south. Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands in the Pacific Ocean are geographically separated from Tokyo. It is also part of the administrative division of Tokyo. There are two towns and seven villages on two islands. The total population of Tokyo 1 2.54 million (September 20051day) covers an area of about 2 187 square kilometers. The climate is mild. The total coverage area of the special zone is about 62 1 square kilometer. The population is on the rise, with 8.45 million residents, and the population density is about 13063 people per square kilometer-1 in September 2005. Commercial office facilities are quite concentrated in these 23 districts. This part of Tokyo has a huge transportation network, which makes transportation and shopping in this area quite convenient. But there are also some problems that must be explained: with the increase of commercial facilities such as offices, the basic function of this area as a residence is declining. The decreasing waters and green belts make the comfortable living space disappear gradually. Because of the concentration of wooden houses in this area, earthquake disasters have attracted much attention in this area. It can be seen that in the process of urban development, the construction of urban infrastructure has not kept pace with the times, such as the roads around Area 23. Tama area Tama area covers an area of about 1 160 square kilometers. Its population is similar to that of the SAR, showing a slight growth trend. Nearly 4.06 million-population density is about 350 1 person per square kilometer-September 2005 1 day. Because it is close to the special zone, this area has been urbanized. But it also has a good natural environment, such as water border areas and green belts. More importantly, the concentration of universities, high-tech industries and research institutions has brought strong industrial capabilities and rich human resources, making this region a region with various development potentials. Tama region is playing an increasingly important role not only in Tokyo, but also in the whole Tokyo region. However, at the same time, it is also faced with the problems that the infrastructure construction of urbanization, including roads and railways, has not kept pace with the times and the ecological environment has deteriorated due to development. The total area of the island is about 406 square kilometers, and the population on the island continues to decline. At present, there are about 26,000 people (as of September 2005 1), and the population density is about 65 people per square kilometer. This area has a good natural environment and rich mineral resources. However, the island is small, geographically remote and economically weak. It faces the arduous task of improving living conditions by developing mining industry, air transportation and medical security. As young people leave the island and the aging population accelerates, there is a shortage of agricultural and fishery labor as the mainstay of the island's economy. Due to the constant changes in traffic and tourism demand, the development of tourism on the island is relatively slow. As of June 2005, the population of Tokyo was estimated to be 1 2,544,000, accounting for 10% of Japan's total population, which is the largest among the 47 prefectures in China. The area is 2 187 square kilometers, and Tokyo accounts for 0.6% of the country's total area. Ranked 45th among 47 prefectures in Japan. With a population density of 5,736 people per square kilometer, Tokyo is the most densely populated area among all jurisdictions in Japan. There are 8.457 million people in 23 districts, 406 1 10,000 people in Tama area and 26,000 people in islands. There are 5.886 million households in Tokyo, with an average of 2. 14 people per household. As of June 2005, 65438+ 10/,there were 360,000 registered foreign residents, which was about 1 .4 times of the total ten years ago. Population Dynamics In 2004, the total floating population in Tokyo and other prefectures and counties was about 795,000, of which 433,000 moved into Tokyo and 362,000 moved out, with a net social growth of 72,000. Except for 1985, it generally showed a downward trend from 1967, and it did not start to increase until 1997 after 12. In 2004, the population increased again. Let's look at the population flow between Tokyo and its neighboring three counties (Saitama, Chiba and Kanagawa): 202,000 people moved into Tokyo and 654.38+088,000 people moved out. The total floating population is 390,000, accounting for 49 1% of the total floating population, and the net social growth is 1.4 million. In 2004, there were 6,543,800 births and 89,000 deaths, a natural increase of 6,543,800 births and 0,654,380 deaths. However, this increase has been decreasing since the peak of 654.38+0968 was 654.38+082 thousand. According to the basic registration of residents on June 65438+ 10/day, 2005, the number of registered residents in Tokyo is 1 21610000. This figure is divided into three age groups: there are 654.38+0.446 million teenagers (0- 14 years old); The working-age population (15-64 years old) is 8.539 million; Old people (over 65 years old) 2 176000. The proportions of these people are 1 1.9%, 70.2% and 17.9% respectively. In 1978, the proportion of the elderly population exceeded the standard of "aging country" stipulated by the United Nations (7%), and the increasing speed has been accelerating since then. 1998 exceeded the standard of "aging society" (14%). By the end of June 2000, there were 65,438+1 0,1population over 5 years old105.96 million, and the total labor force was 6.47 million, of which 6 158 million were employed and 31unemployed. Demography of industrial structure According to the results of the national census in 2000, the employed population is divided into three industry departments, of which 27,000 (0.4%) are engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishery in the primary industry; The number of employees in the secondary industries such as mining, construction and manufacturing is1383,000 (22.5%); There are 4.573 million employees (74.2%) in the tertiary industry such as commerce, transportation, communications and services. According to the national census in 2000, the employed population is divided into four occupational sectors: 28,000 people (0.5%) are engaged in agriculture, forestry and fisheries; 1, 486,5438+0,000 people (24%) are engaged in manufacturing and transportation-related occupations; 1.798 million people (29.2%) engaged in occupations related to retail services; 285.65438+100000 people (46.3%) are engaged in clerical, technical and management work. According to the national census data in 2000, the population of Tokyo during the day is14.667 million, 2.65 million more than that at night, and the population during the day is 1.2 times more than that at night. The nighttime population index is 100, and the daytime population index is 122. This difference is caused by commuters and wage earners, and the population from three neighboring counties (saitama, Chiba and Kanagawa) constitutes a daytime flow. During the day, the population broke the geographical restrictions, with1125,000 in the special area, 3154,000 in the Tama area and 28,000 in the island area. The daytime population indices of these three areas are:137,90, 10 1 respectively, and the population indices in special areas are obviously higher. More obviously, the number of people in Chiyoda, Central District and Port Area, the three core areas of Tokyo, is 268,000 at night and 234 1 1,000 during the day, and the number of people during the day is. Judging from the changes in Tokyo since 1965, by 2000, the night population had increased by 1 15000 (10.6%), and the daytime population had increased by 2.92 million (24.8%), which caused a great imbalance.