Zhang, whose real name is Zhenlao, is from Tingtian, Ruian. Home is a music garden, and in his later years he called himself a master of music. I have been teaching all my life, and I was hired by Sun, the father of Sun Yirang, a Ruian University, as a lecturer at Yishan Temple. Later, he was employed by the 10th Middle School and 10th Division of the provincial government founded by Sun Yirang, and taught for 40 years. The draft of Rui 'an County Records in the Republic of China said that he "created thousands of careless people after graduation". Xia, Ma Mengrong and Hong Shilu are among them. Mr. Zhang kept a diary from the 14th year of Guangxu (1888) to the 31st year of the Republic of China (1942), which lasted for 55 years. * * * There are 105 diaries with a total word count of about 2.7 million, which are now kept in Wenzhou Library. The contents recorded in Zhang's diary are mostly about Yongjia and Rui 'an, and we can basically get a glimpse of the major events in Wenzhou during this period. Among the 105 diaries, it is found that Teacher Zhang recorded three diaries of Zhu Ziqing's situation in Wenzhou, including two old-fashioned poems by Zhang and one poem written by Zhu Ziqing at the earliest time, thus providing clues for Zhu Ziqing's teaching situation in Wenzhou Middle School. Yu Zhijie, a student at Yuhuan, said:
When Mr. Zhu lectures, the classroom atmosphere is very relaxed and happy, such as sitting in the classroom. He speaks Mandarin fluently and naturally (at that time, Mandarin was widely used by Chinese teachers in No.10 middle school and junior high school, except for high school teachers, almost all of them spoke Wenzhou dialect). Mr. Zhu revised his homework with little change. His comments hit the nail on the head and were just right. (Random Memories of Warm Education in the Zoo)
Zhu Ziqing corrected his composition with concrete examples, which hit the nail on the head. He criticized one of Zhu's poems: "The works are full of momentum and good sentences, but the subject matter is too narrow, so it is appropriate to expand the scope of life." He appreciated the composition of student Ma Xingye (later president of Taiwan Province Central Daily and chairman of China Journalism Society). In addition to commenting on papers, he usually gives individual counseling. Once, after his composition, he excitedly wrote two poems by Li Shangyin: "Why did you teach Song Yu to be good at talent?" .
Ma Xingye later recalled this student life and said, "Teacher Zhu is a beautiful jade. His words and comments are memorable ... His humble and peaceful attitude will make me unforgettable! "
Driven by Zhu Ziqing, the teaching atmosphere of No.10 Middle School and No.10 Normal University at that time was very open. A teacher praised the students' composition with appreciation: "I am not as good as you!" " Su, a famous scholar and professor of East China Normal University, is also a student of Zhu Ziqing. He still kept a composition when he was studying in the Tenth Normal University. There is a teacher's comment at the back of the composition: "Excellent!" Zhu Ziqing's teaching is not only welcomed by students, but also affirmed and appreciated by teachers in the same school. Zhu Ziqing taught Chinese, which broke the situation that classical Chinese dominated the classroom, introduced reading and writing vernacular Chinese into the classroom, and made the campus new literature movement shine. When studying at Peking University, Zhu Ziqing liked Buddhist scriptures, and often went to Jiufeng Temple in Wofo Temple Street under the root of Xicheng to buy Buddhist scriptures, such as "On Correcting Because of Ming" and "On Hundreds of Daoism". This knowledge can be used in teaching now. He extracted the contents of Buddhist scriptures as reference materials. He also imitated the test sites to arrange the contents of ancient books, so that students could seriously falsify. In short, as long as it is useful, no matter what content or form, it can be quoted and used. These practices are refreshing, especially for some old teachers. Teacher Zhang, who has decades of teaching experience, wrote a poem "To Ten Colleagues in China, Mr. Zhu Peixian" in May 1923. The poem says:
There is a way that is true and sincere, and it is not lonely. It is like a graceful little reed. The language turns over the records of the Song Dynasty and proves the ancient Buddha map of Zen lamps. List ten allusions and levies, and arrange the three capitals of writing and inkstone. Famous mountain writings failed me, and Deer Cave followed in your footsteps. Zhu Ziqing returned a poem with the original rhyme and Zhang Shi:
I am lonely in the Jianghu, and dare to entrust my heart to Lu. Every time I meet a hundred houses, I will go to Los Angeles to catch up with my old tricks. Guo Yan's articles have shocked a generation, and the charm of the thatched cottage shines in the East. From now on, rely on the master and don't ask the time. This is the earliest old-style poem of Zhu Ziqing found in Zhang Diary. This poem was unknown before, so it was not published or included in the Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing. In the complete works, the earliest old-style poem is the Mid-Autumn Festival on September 1924, and the quatrain "The Feeling of Mid-Autumn Festival" written by Ningbo No.4 Middle School is not the earliest creation now. It is even more wrong to think that Ma Shigu Tu is the earliest. It can be seen that the creation of Zhu Ziqing's old-style poems also began in Wenzhou. The time should be between Zhang's poem1May, 923 18 and Answer to Zhu Peixian and Pre-stack Poems1June, 2 12. The exact date is not recorded in Zhang's diary. Zhang Suo and others can find Zhu Ziqing's earliest old-style poems in Zhang Diary, which undoubtedly plays a pioneering role in filling the blank of Zhu Ziqing's research.
Besides his excellent teaching, Zhu Ziqing did something better in No.10 Middle School, which forever influenced Wenzhou Middle School and his own educational thoughts. That is 1923 After the merger of No.10 Middle School and No.10 Normal University in the second half of the year, he created a popular school song for the new Wenzhou Provincial No.10 Middle School:
Clouds in the Wild Goose Mountain, tides in the Ouhai Sea, beautiful scenery and lush peaches and plums in Zhong Ling. The pagoda tree pavilion often speaks and recites.
Zhongshan Jingshe is located in the spring breeze.
Qi Ying Kuangguo, as a sacred place of enlightenment, is a combination of ancient and modern smelting, eastern and western learning and arts. From Siyingtang Lane in Zhu Ziqing's residence to No.10 Middle School and No.10 Division, you must pass Bailifang, which is only 100 meters away from your residence. After a hundred miles, you must go through an eye pharmacy; After passing the eye pharmacy, he must go to the big house connected to the eye pharmacy. His friends and colleagues Ma Mengrong and Ma lived in the mansion. That was the day when 1924+0 ended. Mr. Zhu Ziqing went to Ma's house and met Mr. Meng Rong on the horse painting. Mr. Ma, who was standing by, gently said to him, "Brother, this painting was specially painted for you. He said you like begonia and moonlight. " Before that, Zhu Ziqing asked Mr. Ma Mengrong for a painting, saying that you are a painter and can draw the loveliness of flowers. When shall I write an article about flowers and your interest in painting? I don't want to. This sentence was remembered by Mr. Ma Mengrong, and I specially drew one for him today. Zhu Ziqing was very happy and stood quietly behind Mr. Ma Mengrong.
Mr. Ma Mengrong stamped the inscription on the painting and solemnly handed it to Zhu Ziqing, saying, "I haven't signed it yet. Please write a poem by Brother Pei Xian. "
A few days later, that is, one day in early February, Zhu Ziqing arrived at Ma's home and brought an essay. He said to Mr. Ma Mengrong, "I didn't write a poem, but I wrote an essay. Change the picture. " This essay is famous as "the moon is hazy, the birds are hazy, and the curtain is red with begonia". The moon is hazy, the birds are hazy, and the curtain is red with begonia. Written in February 1924, 1. At that time, it was the winter vacation, and Zhu Ziqing's enthusiasm for prose creation was high, and he always wanted to write more. Therefore, the scene of visiting Xianyan again with Ma and others last autumn often appeared in front of him.
What kind of experience is it to visit Xianyan again?
According to Mr. Ma's later recollection, Ma's "Zhu Ziqing's association with Ma Mengrong and Ma Kunzhong" is described as follows:
That was around 1923 Double Ninth Festival.
On that day, Mr. Zhu Ziqing, Mr. Ma and others set out from Ma's house and boarded a small steamboat at Xiaonanmen for Xianyan. There is a panoramic view of the Jiangnan water town along the way. Zhu Ziqing couldn't help swimming. Beautiful scenery, friends gathering, don't have some fun. After arriving at Xianyan, I stopped at Xianyan Temple and stood at the entrance of the mountain. Under the guidance of Mr. Ma, I carefully identified the legendary green lion and white elephant around Xianyan, and then went to Meiyu Pavilion. On the way, they talked about the three pools and three waterfalls in Xianyan. Mr. Zhu Ziqing said that the three waterfalls and three pools in Xianyan are actually just two waterfalls and two pools. Longxutan has waterfalls and no waterfalls, which is too cold and cheerless, and Leixiangtan has waterfalls and no waterfalls, which is too noisy. Only plum rain pool is the best, with waterfalls and ponds, green mountains around, pleasant trees and deep environment. In Meiyu Pavilion, Mr. Zhu Ziqing studied the Meiyu Pool first, then stood on the edge of the cliff and leaned down to appreciate the water carefully. Mr Ma Gong Yu stopped him, saying it was too dangerous. I led him through a stone dome door under the pavilion and let him stand on a small flat beside the pool to enjoy the view of the pool. Zhu Ziqing said to the horse, this pool is too good. I've seen a lot of good landscapes in recent years, and nowhere is this pool so quiet and energetic. Usually when I see a deep pool, I can't help but feel a little palpitation. The more I look at this pool, the more lovely it is. Even if I fall into it, it is a happy thing. This water comes from Leixiangtan. How can such a fierce Lei Gong Lei Po give birth to such a gentle and quiet daughter? After my first trip, I want to write an article about Meiyu Pool. I have to write this time when I go back.
I thought about it for a few days, and finally wrote an American article "Green" on February 8, 1924, only seven days away from "the moon is hazy, the birds are hazy, and the curtain is red with begonia". Zhu Ziqing was very excited. He copied some books with beautiful pen words and gave them to Mr. Ma and two other friends who went to Xianyan together. Shortly after writing the essay "Green", that is, at the end of February 1924, Mr. Zhu Ziqing left Wenzhou, where he worked for one year, to teach in Zhejiang No.4 Middle School in Ningbo. Zhu Ziqing reluctantly left Wenzhou. He loves the environment in Wenzhou and misses his friends in Wenzhou. The beauty of his year in Wenzhou is revealed in his poems. The wind in Wenzhou is very fragrant: "Do you smell plum blossoms? -/Wandering between mountains and rivers, we suddenly have a tacit understanding "(Xiang1October 2 1924 65438+ Wenzhou). The rain in Wenzhou is all soft and intoxicating: "In the east wind,/across my face,/the drizzle of stars,/the fluff of spring" ("Rain in Mao Mao"1March 8, 923). Wenzhou also has mountains and rivers: "the intoxicating green" (green1Wenzhou on February 8, 923), "woven into a dreamland net" and "perhaps the temptation is woven in the dreamland net" (Baishui+March16,0924).
But in Ningbo, the situation is not satisfactory. The economy is still tight, and his mother, wife and children are still in Wenzhou, so they can't take care of themselves. When they were inseparable, the idea of parting came to mind, which made him depressed, often unable to sleep at night, and was anesthetized by alcohol and tobacco. Six months later, Zhu Ziqing hurried back to Wenzhou to reunite with his family.
However, life is still so difficult. I have been in arrears with my salary at school for several months, and my family is short of money. I often borrow money, sometimes I can't borrow it, so I have to wear it as clothes. Four clothes are only two yuan and fifty cents at a time, and there is a purple sweater that my father bought for him in Nanjing when I was in college, which made me feel depressed.
At the same time, Jin Rongxuan, his old colleague, old leader and principal of No.10 Middle School, invited him to stay and teach in Wenzhou No.10 Middle School. Because he promised Ningbo, he had to decline and returned to Ningbo in early September.
Shortly after arriving in Ningbo, a war broke out in Wenzhou, which made Zhu Ziqing extremely anxious. In such a chaotic situation, Zhu Ziqing wanted to go back to Wenzhou, but he had no money. When he borrowed money, the traffic was interrupted and he had to worry. Zhu Ziqing's family has no friends in Wenzhou, and his wife, Wu Zhongqian, suffers from diarrhea and is hard up. Just as he was at his wit's end, Ma Gong Yu came. He asked Mrs Zhu and her family to go to Yongjia LAM Raymond with them to avoid chaos. So, they packed their bags in a hurry and immediately boarded the stern boat rented by the Ma family to go. Mrs. Wu Zhongqian's family spent a few quiet days in LAM Raymond, but after all, it was not a place to live for a long time. Seeing that the situation was a little calmer, I urged Mr. Zhu Ziqing to go to Ningbo to meet their families. I sent an express telegram, but I decided to go back to Wenzhou for fear that Zhu Ziqing would not find them when he came. Ma advised her to wait until the situation was settled, but Mrs. Zhu refused, so she had to send a servant to send her family and another foreign teacher back to Wenzhou and gave her ten yuan for later use. On September 24th, Mrs. Wu Zhongqian's family returned to Wenzhou. They first went to the "Wang Zhai House" in Siyingtang Lane and saw that all the neighbors had escaped. The surrounding houses are empty. It must be very lonely and deserted. For the sake of safety, the teacher of No.10 Middle School suggested that they live in No.10 Middle School first, and wait for Teacher Zhu Ziqing to come back from Ningbo.
On September 24th, after receiving an express letter from his wife, Mr. Zhu Ziqing hurriedly borrowed 60 yuan money from chunhui middle school and took a boat to Haimen, Taizhou (now Jiaojiang City), but the boat from Haimen to Wenzhou stopped and the passengers refunded their tickets. I wanted to go to Wenzhou by Yong 'an steamer via Shanghai, but I was afraid that the waves would be too big for the steamer to move. Suddenly I thought of Dajing (now Dajing Town, Yueqing City), so I took a river boat through Wenling and Jiangxia, and then took a sea boat with a gun to Wenzhou. After two days of tossing, I finally arrived at Wenzhou Wharf at 9 pm on September 30th.
Zhu Ziqing described his arrival at home in his diary on September 30th:
Entering the East Gate, there were only three or five people in the street, all carrying lights. I thought the martial law era. Shoppers on both sides are closed. The street is wide and dark. If you walk alone for a long time, you will have a car. Tell me about Sun's soldiers entering the city and Ralph's situation today.
When I got to middle school, I learned that my family had moved back in the afternoon, that is, I went home and found that my luggage was packed and safe.
It turned out that Mrs. Wu Zhongqian and them moved back to the Wu family from No.10 Middle School, and all the luggage for moving was ready. The family is healthy, and Zhu Ziqing is relieved.
The next day, Zhu Ziqing bought a boat ticket to Ningbo on behalf of the client and visited Jin Rongxuan's principal's house. President Jin advised him to postpone taking his family away, but Zhu Ziqing refused and tried to teach in a warm school.
On the afternoon of October 2nd, 65438/KLOC-0, Zhu Ziqing bid farewell to President Jin Rongxuan's house and returned the five yuan he borrowed. Because Ma and others were still avoiding chaos, they handed the ten-yuan ocean to the president Jin Rongxuan, asking him to return it to Ma (the money that Ma gave to Mrs. Wu when he left), and left a letter to Ma, and then left with Jin Rongxuan and others "disappointed".
In the evening, Zhu Ziqing's family boarded a ship to Ningbo and left Wenzhou.
Left: Zhu Ziqing (fourth from left) and students of Wenzhou No.10 Middle School Literature Society.
Right: On June 24, 2006, at the completion ceremony of the relocation of Zhu Ziqing's former residence in Wenzhou, two elderly people who came from afar to unveil their former residence attracted attention. One is a 72-year-old writer Wang Meng, and the other is an 82-year-old (first from left). He is the hypnotic "leap son" that his wife is patting in the house in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, the second son of Zhu Ziqing.