Nanjing Massacre Memorial Day is a national public holiday for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre. The annual national holiday is coming. The following is the information I collected about the Nanjing Massacre for your reference only!
Brief introduction of Nanjing massacre
1937 13 February 13, Japanese troops invaded Nanjing, and under the command of fascists such as Shigen Matsui, commander of the Central China Army, and Gu Shoufu, head of the Sixth Division, they massacred the unarmed Nanjing people for six weeks.
After the Japanese army occupied Shanghai, it pushed Nanjing. The Kuomintang troops fought fiercely with the Japanese army many times outside Nanjing, but failed to stop the Japanese army from attacking in multiple ways. 1937 12 13. Nanjing was occupied by the Japanese in the chaos. Under the command of the commander of the Central China Army, Matsui Shigen, the Japanese army did everything it could in Nanjing.
65438+February 65438+May 5, the Japanese army sent more than 2,000 military and police personnel from China to Hanzhong Gate, strafing and burning them with machine guns. On the same day and night, more than 9,000 citizens and soldiers were taken to the naval torpedo battalion by the Japanese army, and all but 9 escaped and were killed.
/kloc-On the evening of 0/6, more than 5,000 soldiers and refugees from China were taken to the riverside of Zhongshan Wharf by the Japanese army, killed by machine guns, and then dumped in the river. Only a few survived.
/kloc-on 0/7, the Japanese army shot and killed more than 3,000 soldiers and civilians from all over the country and Nanjing power plant workers with machine guns at the coal port to Shangyuanmen River, and some of them were burned with firewood.
/kloc-on 0/8, the Japanese army escaped more than 57,000 refugees and prisoners held at the foot of the shogunate from Nanjing, tied them with lead wires and drove them to Xiaguan Caoxie Gorge. First, machine guns were fired, bayonets were repeatedly stabbed, and finally kerosene was poured and set on fire, and the remaining bones were thrown into the Yangtze River. What's ridiculous is that Japanese second lieutenant and Noda respected each other under the Purple Mountain? Killing contest? . After they killed 106 and 105 China people respectively? Has the game started again? .
In the month after the Japanese army entered Nanjing, there were 20,000 cases of rape and gang rape in the whole city, and no girl, old, weak, women and children were spared. Many women were raped and shot, and their bodies were destroyed, which was terrible. At the same time, the Japanese army burned every household, from Zhonghua Gate to Neiqiao, from Taiping Road to Xinjiekou and the bustling area of Confucius Temple. The fire lasted for several days. accomplish
About one third of the buildings and properties in the city were reduced to ashes. Numerous houses, shops, institutions and warehouses were robbed. ? Nanjing after the robbery is desolate everywhere? .
Later, the judgment of the far east international court of justice wrote:? Japanese soldiers completely insulted the city like a group of pampered barbarians? , they? One person or a small group of two or three people wandered around the city, committing murder, rape, robbery and arson? Finally, the bodies of the victims were found in the streets. ? The running water along the river is red, both inside and outside the city.
Rivers and gullies are full of corpses? . According to the verification of China Nanjing Military Court1February, 946, there were 28 cases of Japanese collective massacre with 6.5438+0.9 million people, and 858 cases of sporadic massacre with 6.5438+0.5 million people. The Japanese army carried out a six-week massacre in Nanking, in which more than 300,000 China soldiers and civilians were shot and buried alive.
While the Chinese nation experienced this disaster of blood and tears, China's cultural treasures were also plundered. According to the survey, after the Japanese invaders occupied Nanjing, they sent 330 spies, 367 soldiers and 830 hard laborers. From March 65438 to March 0938, in a month's time, more than a dozen trucks of books and documents were removed every day, and * * * snatched 880,000 books and documents, exceeding the 850,000 books of Ueno Imperial Library, the largest library in Japan at that time.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the executioner Matsui Shigen, who commanded the Nanjing Massacre, was hanged by the Far East International Military Tribunal, and Gu Shoufu was extradited to the China government for execution.
Background of Nanjing Massacre
1937 After the July 7th Incident, the Japanese launched a large-scale all-out war of aggression against China. 17 July, Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman of the Military Commission of the National Government, said in the Lushan statement:? If the war ends, it is that the land is divided into north and south, and everyone, old and young, has the responsibility to defend the land and resist the war. ? The whole country set off a wave of national resistance.
In the same year, from August of 13 to August of 1 12 10, the Battle of Songhu was launched in Shanghai and its surrounding areas. At the beginning of the campaign, the Japanese army could not attack Shanghai for a long time, but the Japanese army maneuvered to the flank of the campaign. 1October 5, 165438+ landed between Quangongting and jinshanwei in Hangzhou Bay, and the Chinese army was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and the situation took a turn for the worse. 10 8, Jiang Zhongzheng ordered a full retreat; 165438+1October 12 Shanghai fell, and the Battle of Songhu ended.
After the two battles in Shanghai, China's army retreated in the direction of Nanking. Many military forts between Shanghai and Nanjing were unguarded, and almost all the troops retreated to the periphery of Nanjing. Nanjing, the capital of China, is directly threatened by the Japanese army. Due to the chaotic evacuation from Shanghai, the China army failed to organize effective resistance on the way from Shanghai to Nanjing. Tang Shengzhi, general of China, insisted on defending Nanjing, and volunteered to command the defense of Nanjing. 1October 20th, 165438+ The National Government announced that it would move its capital to Chongqing. The battle of Songhu lasted for three months, and the Japanese army suffered heavy losses. The Japanese staff headquarters originally planned to let the Japanese army be in Shanghai? Returning home in triumph? There is no plan to attack Nanjing. 165438+ 10 On October 7th, the order of the Japanese General Staff to send troops to Shanghai and the 10 Army was:? Sweeping the enemy near Shanghai, chasing the front to the east is Suzhou Jiaxing? . However, the junior officers of the Japanese army were not willing to stop there.1October1kloc-0/5, the enlarged meeting of the tenth legion reached a resolution:? The whole army dares to act arbitrarily and pursue Nanjing with all its strength. ? 165438+1October 22, Shi Gensong called Junduo: In order to solve the incident as soon as possible, please ask the military department for approval to March and occupy Nanjing. ?
65438+February 1 day, the Japanese General Staff officially issued the order to occupy Nanjing. After several months of continuous operations, the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, hundreds of kilometers west of Shanghai, with little logistical support. The Japanese officer said:? Insufficient food and grass, solve it on the spot, lack ammunition, and work together. ? On the way to the west, Japanese atrocities of robbing, killing civilians and raping women have begun.
Since the order was given, the guilt has disappeared, and the soldiers have become sneaky gangsters who rob food and livestock to satisfy their hunger. The requisition order in this place made junior officers crazy, not only grabbing food, but also raping women in China. Those who resisted were solved by force. (The Biography of Nanjing Massacre by Mrs. Zeng Gen)
On February 4, 65438, the Japanese army approached the periphery of Nanjing. On the 8th, the Japanese army occupied the outer positions of Nanjing and surrounded Nanjing from the north, east and south. At this point, the Nanjing defenders only had a retreat to the west of the Yangtze River, but Tang Shengzhi made a decision. Last battle? This gesture. On the one hand, it ordered to concentrate on holding complex positions, on the other hand, it ordered to destroy all the ferries on the Yangtze River, and made the 36th Division of Song Xilian guard the only passage leading to Shimonoseki in the city, namely Jiangmen, and prohibited troops from withdrawing from here. Since then, the retreat of Nanjing defenders and civilians has been completely cut off. On 10, the Japanese army launched an all-out attack, but it still failed to break through the Nanjing Yugoslav capital until 12. 12 at 7 o'clock in the evening, Tang Shengzhi suddenly ordered to break through and retreat, and fled by reserved motorboat. Nanjing defenders were routed, and most of them retreated to Shimonoseki. There was a fierce conflict with the 36th Division in Yijiangmen, and finally they broke through the city gate and fled to Shimonoseki. As the ferry was destroyed, many refugees and soldiers had to try to cross the river with wooden boards, and most of them eventually froze to death and drowned in the river. The others saw no hope of crossing the river and went back to the city. Many soldiers took off their military uniforms and hid in the Nanjing safety zone.
The plundering process of Nanjing Massacre
Mass slaughter
There are about 50,000 troops entering the city, but only 17 gendarmes perform military discipline maintenance. In addition to killing Nanjing residents individually or on a small scale at any time and place, the Japanese army also carried out many large-scale attacks on the people of China, especially the disarmed military and police personnel? A massacre? . Mass killings include machine gun shooting and collective burial, which are extremely cruel.
12 15 (the third day of Japanese occupation): More than 3,000 China military and police personnel who laid down their weapons were collectively sent to Hanzhong Gate for intensive machine gun shooting, and most of them were killed on the spot. The wounded and the dead were also incinerated like the bodies of the dead. In the evening, more than 9,000 civilians from China and disarmed soldiers from China who were sent to the torpedo camp were massacred by the Japanese army. Baota Bridge slaughtered more than 30,000 people. Shot and killed 200 people near the bomb shelter on Zhongshan North Road.
12 16 (the fourth day of the Japanese occupation): More than 5,000 male and female refugees from China who had taken refuge in the Overseas Chinese Hostel in Nanjing Safe Zone were collectively taken to Zhongshan Wharf by the Japanese army, with their hands tied behind their backs and lined up. After shooting with machine guns, the Japanese army abandoned the body in the Yangtze River and destroyed it. Of the more than 5,000 people, only Bai Zengrong and Liang swam to the other side after being shot and injured. The Japanese army massacred more than 400 people in the four roads, and the Yinyang camp 100 people.
12 17 (the fifth day of the Japanese occupation): More than 3,000 civilians in China were taken to the lower reaches of the coal port by the Japanese army and collectively shot. More than 400 China refugees who took refuge in Fangsheng Temple and Kindergarten were collectively shot.
/kloc-February 0/8 18 (the sixth day of the Japanese occupation) night, Xiaguan Caoxie Gorge. China refugees, men, women and children ***574 18, who escaped from Nanking and were held in shogunate mountain, were all tied up with lead wire, rushed into Xiaguan Caoxie Gorge, intensively strafed with machine guns, and hacked and killed those who were still moaning and struggling in a pool of blood with disorderly knives. After that, all the remains were poured with kerosene and burned to destroy them. Wu Changde was the only survivor of the Holocaust and was able to escape. The Japanese army shot and killed more than 4000 people in Dafang Lane refugee area.
Arbitrary murder and rape
Yukio Hatoyama, an army reporter, reported: Few soldiers don't rape. ? Jiro Suzuki, another reporter from Japan Daily News Agency, also attended the meeting? Tokyo trial? For what? Nanjing Hundred People Chopping Competition? As proof, say:? Sweep away the remaining China soldiers in the city. If you catch an officer, tie him to a willow tree, teach the recruits to shoot, and stab him as a living target; The soldier was caught and beheaded in front of the pit. I am a private, and I only stab China soldiers with bayonets. ? What is the popularity of the two? Killing contest? Two Japanese lieutenants killed 78 innocent civilians and 89 innocent civilians when they entered Jurong County (20 kilometers away from Nanjing). They have killed 105 and 106 respectively when they arrived at Zijinshan outside Nanjing, but they agreed to kill 150. These two? Black devil? This competition was praised by Tokyo newspapers and called the Warriors. But? Killing contest? The main murderer is Tian Zhongjun Ji Dawei, instead of? Bao Dao? More than 300 people were hacked to death in China, but it is unknown to the world.
In fact, all the invading Japanese officers were? A murderer? With few exceptions. Three Japanese officers, Tanaka, Xiang Jing and Noda, are just special cases. Masao Tsao Tsuzuka, former minister of the 1st12nd Army of the Japanese Army, who came to new york to attend the 50th anniversary of the July 7th Incident sponsored by the 20th Century China Historical Society of North America, said with tears in his eyes at the meeting. When he became a non-commissioned officer, he became the head of a cavalry division with 26 men and was allowed to wear Japanese knives. What's the point of wearing a Japanese knife? Become want to kill people, there is a beheading project called try a new knife. ? Tsuzuka said that during his four years in China, * * * killed 106 China people. Any platoon leader sent to the battlefield in China must kill China prisoners with his combat knives in public, usually in front of the battalion commander and company commander, otherwise he is not qualified to be a platoon leader. Recently, the oral history of Japan in the war written by the chef and his wife was published in the United States, which attracted readers' attention. The most striking thing is that Nakajima, as the head of Lieutenant General's division, tried to chop off the heads of two prisoners of war with China prisoners in public in Nanking, which encouraged his men to slaughter my innocent people at will. The recruits sent to the battlefield in China need three months' training to become qualified soldiers. The last training project is to stab a living person with a bayonet.
So? Nanjing Massacre? This is not an isolated phenomenon. Were the atrocities, massacres and adultery committed by the Japanese army in China not caused? Nanjing Massacre? Stop the protests that shocked the world, or really stop.
During the Japanese occupation of Nanjing, thousands of women were raped. They raped these women day and night in front of their families. Some women were raped several times by the Japanese army, and often some women could not bear the torture of the Japanese army and died. In addition, the Japanese army also forced incest. It is estimated that there may be more than 20,000 rapes at that time.
Killing contest
1937 12 13 Tokyo daily news (now the daily news) reported two Japanese officers? Killing contest? . Encouraged by the officers, Mukai Toshiak and Noda Takeshi, two second lieutenants of the Nakajima Army of the Japanese No.1 16 Division, met? Killing contest? It was agreed that when Nanjing was occupied, whoever killed 100 people first would be the winner. They went from Jurong to Tangshan, Mukai Toshiak killed 89 people and Noda Takeshi killed 78 people, because they were all below 100. Competition? Go ahead. 10 February 10 At noon, they met at the foot of Purple Mountain, and their sabres had been cut off from each other. Noda claimed to have killed 105 people, and Xiang Jing claimed to have killed 106 people. Because we are not sure who killed 100 first, we decided to hold a rematch in this competition to see who killed China 150 first. These atrocities are always illustrated in newspapers and are called? Heroes of the Imperial Army? . After Japan surrendered, these two war criminals finally slaughtered prisoners and non-combatants in succession in the war? Is it really a thief of human beings and a public enemy of civilization? The cost of executing the death penalty in Nanjing.
According to the verification of China Nanjing Military Court1February, 946, there were 28 cases of Japanese collective massacre with 6.5438+0.9 million people, and 858 cases of sporadic massacre with 6.5438+0.5 million people. The Japanese army carried out a six-week massacre in Nanking, in which more than 300,000 China soldiers and civilians were shot and buried alive.
Cultural plunder
While the Chinese nation experienced this disaster of blood and tears, China's cultural treasures were also plundered. According to the survey, after the Japanese invaders occupied Nanjing, they sent 330 spies, 367 soldiers and 830 hard laborers. From March 65438 to March 0938, in a month's time, more than a dozen trucks of books and documents were removed every day, and * * * snatched 880,000 books and documents, exceeding the 850,000 books of Ueno Imperial Library, the largest library in Japan at that time.
Remember history
Emperor Hirohito is a man with modern knowledge. Before he succeeded to the throne, he roamed Europe, especially longing for British society and the royal family. He should understand the existence of humanitarianism and public international law advertised by modern Britain. There is no need to revisit 1899 Hague Convention II and 1929 Geneva Convention on Land, to which Japan is a signatory. Emperor Hirohito and ordinary Japanese will understand that prisoners and non-combatants who lay down their weapons should be protected and never killed. Otherwise, why have the Japanese government and military departments been hiding it from the Japanese people? Nanjing Massacre? And then what?
It can be seen that when the Japanese have no corresponding strength, they use a confusing means to learn and improve themselves. Once they feel that their strength is enough to challenge any object of their ambition, they will uncover their disguise and expose their true beast. Therefore, for us, we should always be alert and guard against Japan and always set them as our imaginary enemies. Always remember that they are our enemies and that these people are trying to overthrow the cruelty of history.
Causes of the Nanjing Massacre
This question about the causes of the Nanjing Massacre can be analyzed from the following points. First of all, after the Shanghai War, the Japanese suffered heavy casualties. During the battle in Shanghai, the Japanese army was in a state of exhaustion because of the long front. Coupled with the shortage of supplies, the Japanese commander decided to attack Nanking, and planned to directly destroy the main force of China under the pursuit of 56-point attack.
Secondly, the resistance of Nanjing Kuomintang troops is fierce. The defense war caused the Japanese casualties to soar. The Japanese army, which suffered heavy losses, not only did not give up attacking Nanjing, but launched a big revenge after occupying Nanjing. The Japanese army is a group of animals, cruel and heartless. In order to vent their hatred for China's army, they launched a crazy revenge, which is also a vent after losing control. These two points are very important in the cause of the Nanjing Massacre.
Another reason for the Nanjing Massacre is that the Japanese army has always despised the people of China. China's resistance aroused greater contempt from the Japanese. They want to blow China's confidence through the massacre and prove to people that the Japanese army is stronger than China's army. These are the reasons for the Nanjing Massacre.
The influence of national public holiday day
National Public Sacrifice Day is a vivid embodiment of the mass line, showing respect for the masses and reverence for life. Sacrifice in the form of a national public holiday also shows that the abstract country has been personified, and the will, beliefs and emotions of the country are being integrated with ordinary human feelings. Therefore, the establishment of national public holiday day also shows the secularization and popularization of national politics, and reflects the progress of political civilization.
On the National Day of Public Sacrifice, we will get together and cherish the memory of the deceased with a heavy heart, but we know that this is not to vent our emotions, nor to advocate national revenge, but to remind each of us that we have transcended individuals, families, small circles, blood ties, social circles and local feelings. We are a whole, we share the same sorrow, and we * * * avoid the recurrence of historical tragedies. The establishment of the national public holiday day has also made us more deeply aware of the purpose and value of the existence of the country, the importance of national unity and strength, and the promotion of the national spirit and our patriotism.
1, China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Victory Day
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's The People of China is a just war of China people against Japanese imperialist aggression, an important part of the world anti-fascist war, and the first national liberation war in modern times in which China won a complete victory against foreign aggression. The victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China, became a major turning point for the Chinese nation from decline to rejuvenation, laid an important foundation for realizing national independence and people's liberation and establishing a new China, and made great contributions to the great cause of the people of the world to win the anti-fascist war and strive for world peace. The purpose of setting up this memorial day is to better remember the heroes who died heroically in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China, and all the people who contributed to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China. This anniversary bears in mind the arduous struggle of the people of China against Japanese imperialist aggression, highlights the important position of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China, in the world anti-fascist war, shows the firm stand of the people of China in resolutely safeguarding national sovereignty, territorial integrity and world peace, carries forward the great national spirit with patriotism as the core, and inspires people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to make joint efforts to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
2. National Day of Public Holiday for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre
1937 12 13. The Japanese invaders began a 40-day massacre of China compatriots in Nanjing, China, killing more than 300,000 people and creating the Nanjing Massacre that shocked China and foreign countries. This barbaric act in flagrant violation of international law is irrefutable evidence. After the trials of war criminals by the Far East International Military Tribunal and the Nanjing Military Tribunal, historical and legal conclusions have already been reached. The purpose of setting up the National Day of Public Sacrifice is to mourn the victims of the Nanjing Massacre and all the compatriots killed by the Japanese aggressors during the Japanese imperialist war of aggression against China, to expose the war crimes of the Japanese aggressors, to bear in mind the profound disasters caused by the war of aggression to the people of China and the people of the world, and to show the firm stand of the people of China in opposing the war of aggression, defending human dignity and safeguarding world peace.
Zazie Hoko
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