We should not only know that practitioners should bear certain moral responsibility for their professional behavior, but also find out the scope and limits of their responsibility for their professional behavior. Only in this way can we effectively cultivate the professional ethics responsibility of practitioners.
There are many factors that restrict the choice of professional behavior of practitioners, both subjective and objective. The choice and implementation of human behavior is restricted by subjective and objective factors, and it is not completely free. This requires us to analyze some professional ethics problems, in addition to the subjective reasons of the actors, we must also analyze and point out the objective social reasons that cause these phenomena.
In this regard, the academic community is more consistent with the following three boundaries:
1. There is an objective possibility of choice. In other words, only when social and historical conditions and objective environment make it possible for people to do something or choose a certain behavior can people be responsible for their actions. Of course, people cannot be asked to bear moral responsibility for actions that are objectively impossible to choose.
2. The ability of subjective choice. In other words, practitioners must have the ability to undertake moral obligations, choose careers and realize behaviors. There is no corresponding responsibility for those who cannot choose a certain behavior and implement it. The meaning of "ability" here means that practitioners have normal rationality and normal ability to distinguish right from wrong; Second, it means that practitioners have the specific ability to achieve certain behavior choices.
3. What should be done and what should be chosen in moral obligation. In other words, if you do it and do it well, you have fulfilled your moral responsibility. If you don't do it or do it badly, you must bear certain moral responsibilities. At the same time, if practitioners choose their own professional behaviors according to reasonable moral norms and requirements, they will fulfill their moral responsibilities, otherwise, they will bear certain moral responsibilities.
The liability limit of employees for their chosen professional behavior is determined by the above three factors. Within this limit, practitioners must be responsible for the chosen professional behavior and consequences. Therefore, we should comprehensively consider several factors when judging the moral responsibility of practitioners' professional behavior.
In short, in professional life, professional moral responsibility is a universal social relationship and social requirement. Unless there is no objective possibility, unless the actor does not have the ability or the ability is limited by special conditions, every practitioner has certain responsibilities to the enterprise, society and others. Consciously fulfilling professional ethics responsibility requires the majority of employees to turn professional ethics responsibility into moral obligation to consciously perform their duties, which is the most common and basic requirement of professional ethics for employees.
Case 1: Analysis of Professional Behavior of University Librarians
First, the professional behavior of librarians
The central task of colleges and universities is to teach and educate people. The basic task of university library is to serve and educate people. That is, it serves teaching and scientific research, faculty and students, and personnel training. Starting from this basic task, librarians derive a series of professional behaviors in the process of implementation.
Second, the classification of librarian's professional behavior
Librarians are also members of society. Therefore, from a sociological point of view, their professional behavior can be divided into two categories: one is social behavior and the other is personal behavior.
There are three aspects of social behavior, one is market economy behavior; Second, social norms; The third is the purpose task behavior. Generally speaking, the big economic behaviors are decided by the leaders of the country, schools and even libraries, such as resource allocation, business fund investment, library expenditure, system setting and so on. Social normative behavior is the behavior of observing national laws and regulations, unit rules and regulations and moral norms of real society no matter what professional position. Target task behavior can be divided into passive service behavior and active service behavior. Passive service or basic service is a routine behavior that librarians must perform and complete every day. It is also the most basic and common work behavior. This kind of behavior is generally standardized and needs to be repeated day after day. Such as lending and receiving, returning and sorting, commuting on time, etc. The workload of active service behavior is generally large and difficult. Such as investigating readers' needs, improving service and management level, promoting books and periodicals, compiling documents, organizing reports, reading seminars, lectures, making abstracts, etc. Active service behavior, according to the actual situation of each library, will also be transformed into passive service behavior, that is, a certain service behavior must be implemented if it is institutionalized.
The above professional behaviors are generally due to external constraints and the result of heteronomy.
Personal behavior is the result of self-restraint and self-expression. Such as the spirit of dedication, diligence, enterprising and cooperation in work, as well as personal feelings, hobbies, words and deeds, clothing, aesthetics, values and so on. These performances will directly affect the quality of service for readers.
Fourthly, the professional behavior and motivation of librarians.
According to behavioral science, motivation is a psychological state in which some needs are not met. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory (A.B. Masiow1908-1971), an American psychologist, divides people's needs into five categories and arranges them into hierarchy of needs according to their importance and order of occurrence. As shown in figure 1:
Generally speaking, when the lower-level needs are relatively satisfied, the pursuit of higher-level needs becomes the driving force for continuing to forge ahead. Of course, at a certain moment, there may be several demands, but the intensity of each demand is not uniform. For a certain group, the demand intensity at all levels is also different. As far as university librarians are concerned, I think most of the needs are between social needs and respect needs. Because at present, under the situation of expanding domestic demand and education in the country, the basic life of college staff is guaranteed. Generally, there is no situation in which physiological needs are not guaranteed. Security demand is not the main contradiction, because we are a socialist country and the national legal system is gradually improving. Generally, we all participated in medical insurance, and some also participated in social insurance such as endowment insurance. Moreover, librarians have no obvious conflicts of interest in their professional social interaction. Of course, in some cases, security requirements also become the first requirement. For example, introducing a competitive mechanism and choosing a job will threaten unemployment. The need for self-realization is the highest level of need, that is, the need to express all your potential and creativity. It should be said that no matter what kind of group, such people are a minority.
According to the above analysis, the discussion on the professional behavior of librarians can focus on the level of socialization and respect for needs.
Thirdly, the professional behavior and ethics of librarians.
Library society of china officially issued "Code of Ethics for Library Industry in China (Trial)", which is the professional code that librarians should follow and the concretization of library professional ethics. Its "sincere service to readers, civilized enthusiasm and convenience", "safeguarding readers' rights and interests, keeping readers' secrets", "respecting intellectual property rights, promoting information dissemination" and "cherishing literature resources and standardizing professional communication" are the core of library professional ethics. Generally speaking, professional ethics is a norm to guide professional behavior, which includes professional consciousness and professional behavior. Therefore, professional behavior and professional ethics are inseparable. Professional consciousness is a potential and difficult to quantify part, and professional behavior is mostly external and observable (of course, there are times when it can't be quantified, such as the enthusiasm of service, whether the smile comes from the heart, the meaning and strength expressed by a certain look, and so on. ).
The significance of discussing librarian's professional behavior is as follows:
1. Targeted measures can be taken to mobilize and give full play to the subjective initiative of librarians and improve the service quality and level of libraries.
2. Standardizing some professional behaviors can promote the combination of self-discipline and heteronomy and accelerate the construction of professional ethics in libraries.
3. Make the observance of professional ethics more specific, and facilitate the operation and evaluation of professional ethics.
4. Suggestions and comments
(1) The above-mentioned need for love (i.e. social need). That is, everyone wants to have friendship, love, spouse and children, and also wants to be accepted by the group or join an organization, and have good interpersonal relationships, which is a manifestation of gregarious. According to this feature, the library can organize some collective activities accordingly, such as life meetings, symposiums, academic exchanges, outings, tours and various cultural and sports activities. We should also actively participate in the democratic management activities organized by the teachers' congress, pay attention to their families and working environment, and improve the quality of work and life of librarians, that is, the QWL value, so as to mobilize their enthusiasm, enhance cohesion and improve the quality and level of library services.
(2) The need for respect means that everyone has self-esteem and wants to be recognized, appreciated and respected by others. Respecting the satisfaction of needs will enhance people's self-confidence and feel that they have status, value and strength in society.
On the contrary, once this need is frustrated, it will make people feel inferior, lose confidence and feel weak and inferior. Some simply broke the jar and broke it. Even embarked on the road of escapism. Reality tells us that in order to gain the respect of others, we should first pay attention to respecting others and organizations and make beneficial contributions to others and society wholeheartedly. People at this level especially need to strengthen their studies. First of all, we should strengthen the study of political thought and establish a correct outlook on life and values. Secondly, we should strengthen the study of professional skills, strive to improve the professional level of our professional quality, have the strength to express ourselves, and provide readers with "civilized, enthusiastic and convenient" services. Another is to strengthen the study of professional ethics. The service object of university library is mainly students, and students should get corresponding services after paying tuition fees, so do commodity markets and other service industries. In the library, different professional ethics and behaviors of librarians will provide different quality services, thus providing different interest distribution, which is the issue of interest distribution to readers. Understand this truth, and you will have a further understanding of the concept of "readers first, service first". The study of professional ethics should also include the newly mentioned concept of freedom, the principle of fairness and the traditional humanistic spirit of our country to help us deepen our understanding of professional ethics.
Behavioral science tells us that knowledge change is the basis of attitude change, and attitude change is the basis of human behavior change. Therefore, we should firmly establish the concept of lifelong learning, constantly update our knowledge, and make the professional behavior of librarians adapt to the requirements of the new situation and keep up with the pace of the times.
(3) The aforementioned Code of Professional Ethics for Librarians in China (for Trial Implementation) is the embodiment of the professional ethics of libraries. As for the concretization and standardization of professional behavior, whether it is the social behavior or personal behavior of librarians, there are articles to be done on the above-mentioned "standardization" issue, and active service behavior can also be standardized when conditions are ripe. Some personal behavior norms have corresponding regulations in some industries, departments and units, such as polite language, answering professional inquiries, active service language, personal dress, hairstyle, makeup and so on. University library is a special position in the field of education, which embodies service education, management education and environmental education.
Especially the elegant, harmonious and quiet environment in the library has unconsciously influenced people's sentiment. Librarians should not only be teachers, but also serve enthusiastically. If some of their professional behaviors are standardized, it will increase the elegant and peaceful atmosphere here, attract readers better and serve readers better.
Therefore, university libraries should learn from the experience of other industries and formulate some professional codes of conduct. Imagine if some librarians wear slippers, quasi-slippers (sandals and slippers are all like them), vests, quasi-vests (low-cut, suspenders, strapless), pajamas, quasi-pajamas (casual underwear), shorts and miniskirts to work, or wear strange hairstyles without combing them, will the elegant atmosphere of the library be affected? It is especially suggested that university libraries should have their own clothes and be listed for posts, which can increase the atmosphere of the library, enhance the self-confidence and consciousness of librarians and improve cohesion. Standardizing some professional behaviors of libraries can promote the combination of self-discipline and heteronomy, and when noble professional behaviors have become the conscious actions of librarians, it will inevitably accelerate the construction of professional ethics and make it more concrete to follow professional ethics.
To sum up, the discussion of librarian's professional behavior can improve the management of the library, enhance the self-confidence of the library, increase the cohesion of the librarian and accelerate the construction of librarian's professional ethics on the basis of standardizing librarian's professional behavior.