Industrial buildings refer to buildings and structures for people to engage in various production activities.
Second, the type
There are many kinds of industrial buildings, such as steel mills, machinery factories, precision instrument factories, aviation factories, shipyards, cement plants, chemical plants, textile mills, thermal power plants, hydropower stations and nuclear power plants. Industrial workshops can be divided into production workshops, auxiliary production workshops, warehouses, power stations and buildings and structures with various purposes, such as slideways, chimneys, hoppers and water towers. According to the production characteristics, it can be divided into hot working workshop, cold working workshop and clean workshop. According to the spatial form of industrial buildings, it can be divided into single-storey factories and multi-storey factories.
Third, the basic principles of industrial building design
1, which meets the production process requirements.
This is the basic starting point for determining the design scheme of industrial buildings. The technological requirements related to industrial buildings are: ① technology. It directly affects the order and relationship of each plate and department plane. ② Means of transport and modes of transport. It is closely related to the plane, structural type and economic effect of the workshop. ③ Production characteristics. For example, a large amount of waste heat and flue gas are discharged, and a large amount of corrosive substances such as acid and alkali or toxic, flammable and explosive gases are discharged, which have sanitary requirements such as temperature, humidity, dust prevention and bacteria prevention.
2. Reasonable choice of structural form
According to the requirements of production technology, materials and construction conditions, choose the appropriate structural system. Reinforced concrete structural materials are easily available, easy to construct, fire-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and have a wide range of applications. They can be prefabricated or cast on site, and are widely used in single-storey and multi-storey factories in China. Steel structures are mostly used in workshops with large span, large space or large vibration, but fire prevention and corrosion protection measures should be taken. It is best to use industrialized buildings to save investment and shorten the construction period.
3. Ensure a good production environment
(1) has good lighting and illumination. Generally, most workshops have natural lighting (see industrial building lighting), but the lighting uniformity is poor. For example, the worsted and weaving workshops in textile mills are mostly natural lighting, but the problem of direct sunlight should be solved. If natural lighting can't meet the technological requirements, artificial lighting is used (see industrial building lighting). ② Good ventilation. If natural ventilation is adopted, it is necessary to know the internal conditions of the plant (heat dissipation, heat source, etc.). ) and local meteorological conditions, and design the exhaust passage. Some hot working and dusty workshops (such as foundry workshops) that emit a lot of waste heat should focus on solving the problem of natural ventilation. ③ Control noise. In addition to the general noise reduction measures, you can also set up a sound insulation room. (4) For some workshops with special technological requirements in terms of temperature, humidity, cleanliness, sterility, vibration prevention, electromagnetic shielding and radiation protection, corresponding measures should be taken in terms of industrial building plane, structure and air conditioning. ⑤ Attention should be paid to the design of the overall environment inside and outside the factory, including color and greening.
4. Reasonable arrangement of housing
The living room includes clothes storage room, toilet, bathroom, shower room, health station, restaurant and so on. The layout depends on the production needs and sanitary conditions. Workshop administrative rooms and some auxiliary production rooms with little space can be arranged together with living rooms.
5. General plan
This is the primary link of industrial architecture design. After the site selection, the site selection and zoning of the whole plant, the general layout and vertical design of the plant, the configuration of public facilities, the distribution of transportation roads and pipe networks should be determined according to the production technology. In addition, the layout of the production, operation and management rooms and staff welfare facilities of the whole plant also belongs to the general layout. Solving the pollution problem in the production process and protecting the environmental quality must also be considered in the general layout. The key to the general layout is to reasonably solve the separation and connection between all parts of the plant and consider the overall problem from the perspective of development. The general layout involves a wide range of factors, and the best scheme is often selected by comparing multiple schemes or using computer-aided design methods.
Fourth, the development trend.
With the rapid development of industrial production technology, frequent changes in production systems and upgrading of products, factory buildings are developing towards large-scale and miniaturization; At the same time, industrial buildings are generally required to have greater flexibility in use, so as to facilitate development and expansion, and to facilitate the setting and modification of transportation machines and tools.
The trend of industrial architecture design is: ① to meet the requirements of building industrialization. Enlarge the size of column network, unify the plane parameters and section height as much as possible, and expand the adaptive range of floor and ground loads; The structural form and wall materials of the workshop are developing in the direction of high strength, light weight and matching. ② Adapt to the requirements of mechanization and automation of product transportation. In order to improve products and parts ... >>
Question 2: What are the design classifications of industrial buildings? 1. Definition Industrial buildings refer to buildings and structures for people to engage in various production activities. There are many types of industrial buildings, such as steel plants, machinery plants, precision instrument plants, aviation plants, shipyards, cement plants, chemical plants, textile plants, thermal power plants, hydropower stations and nuclear power plants. Industrial workshops can be divided into production workshops, auxiliary production workshops, warehouses, power stations and buildings and structures with various purposes, such as slideways, chimneys, hoppers and water towers. According to the production characteristics, it can be divided into hot working workshop, cold working workshop and clean workshop. According to the spatial form of industrial buildings, it can be divided into single-storey factories and multi-storey factories. Three. Basic principles of industrial building design 1. Meeting the requirements of production technology is the basic starting point for determining the design scheme of industrial buildings. The technological requirements related to industrial buildings are: ① technology. It directly affects the order and relationship of each plate and department plane. ② Means of transport and modes of transport. It is closely related to the plane, structural type and economic effect of the workshop. ③ Production characteristics. For example, a large amount of waste heat and flue gas are discharged, and a large amount of corrosive substances such as acid and alkali or toxic, flammable and explosive gases are discharged, which have sanitary requirements such as temperature, humidity, dust prevention and bacteria prevention. 2, reasonable choice of structural form According to the production process requirements and materials, construction conditions, choose the appropriate structural system. Reinforced concrete structural materials are easily available, easy to construct, fire-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and have a wide range of applications. They can be prefabricated or cast on site, and are widely used in single-storey and multi-storey factories in China. Steel structures are mostly used in workshops with large span, large space or large vibration, but fire prevention and corrosion protection measures should be taken. It is best to use industrialized buildings to save investment and shorten the construction period. 3. Ensure a good production environment ① Good lighting and lighting. General factory buildings are mostly natural lighting (see industrial building lighting), but the lighting uniformity is poor. For example, the worsted and weaving workshops in textile mills are mostly natural lighting, but the problem of direct sunlight should be solved. If natural lighting can't meet the technological requirements, artificial lighting is used (see industrial building lighting). ② Good ventilation. If natural ventilation is adopted, it is necessary to know the internal conditions of the plant (heat dissipation, heat source, etc.). ) and local meteorological conditions, and design the exhaust passage. Some hot working and dusty workshops (such as foundry workshops) that emit a lot of waste heat should focus on solving the problem of natural ventilation. ③ Control noise. In addition to the general noise reduction measures, you can also set up a sound insulation room. (4) For some workshops with special technological requirements in terms of temperature, humidity, cleanliness, sterility, vibration prevention, electromagnetic shielding and radiation protection, corresponding measures should be taken in terms of industrial building plane, structure and air conditioning. ⑤ Attention should be paid to the design of the overall environment inside and outside the factory, including color and greening. 4. The living room layout is reasonable, including clothes storage room, toilet, bathroom, shower room, health station, dining room, etc. The layout depends on the production needs and sanitary conditions. Workshop administrative rooms and some auxiliary production rooms with little space can be arranged together with living rooms. 5. General layout This is the primary link of industrial building design. After the site selection, the site selection and zoning of the whole plant, the general layout and vertical design of the plant, the configuration of public facilities, the distribution of transportation roads and pipe networks should be determined according to the production technology. In addition, the layout of the production, operation and management rooms and staff welfare facilities of the whole plant also belongs to the general layout. Solving the pollution problem in the production process and protecting the environmental quality must also be considered in the general layout. The key to the general layout is to reasonably solve the separation and connection between all parts of the plant and consider the overall problem from the perspective of development. The general layout involves a wide range of factors, and the best scheme is often selected by comparing multiple schemes or using computer-aided design methods. Four. Development trend Industrial production technology is developing rapidly, production system changes and product updates are frequent, and the factory building is developing towards large-scale and miniaturization; At the same time, industrial buildings are generally required to have greater flexibility in use, so as to facilitate development and expansion, and to facilitate the setting and modification of transportation machines and tools. The trend of industrial architecture design is: ① to meet the requirements of building industrialization. Enlarge the size of column network, unify the plane parameters and section height as much as possible, and expand the adaptive range of floor and ground loads; The structural form and wall materials of the factory building are developing in the direction of high strength, light weight and matching. ② Adapt to the requirements of mechanization and automation of product transportation. In order to improve the mechanization and automation of products and parts transportation and improve the utilization rate of transportation equipment, the transportation load should be directly placed on the ground as far as possible to simplify. & gt
Question 3: What types of industrial building workshops are there? 1. Residential building. Residential buildings mainly refer to buildings that provide people with daily life, such as houses, dormitories and apartments.
Second, public buildings. Public buildings mainly refer to buildings that provide people with various social activities, including:
(1) administrative office buildings, such as office buildings of institutions, enterprises and institutions.
(two) schools, libraries, cultural palaces, cultural centers and other cultural and educational buildings.
(3) nurseries, kindergartens and other foster buildings.
(4) Scientific research institutes, scientific experimental buildings and other scientific research buildings.
(5) Medical buildings such as hospitals, clinics and sanatoriums.
(6) Commercial buildings such as shops, shopping malls, shopping centers and supermarkets.
(7) Visit theaters, concert halls, cinemas, exhibition centers, exhibition halls, museums and other buildings.
(eight) stadiums, stadiums, gymnasiums and other sports buildings.
(nine) hotels, guesthouses, resorts, guest houses and other hotel buildings.
(10) Traffic buildings such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, subway stations and waterway passenger stations.
(1 1) Telecommunication buildings, radio and television stations, post offices and other communication and broadcasting buildings.
(12) Parks, zoos, botanical gardens, pavilions and other garden buildings.
(13) Memorial buildings such as memorial halls, monuments and cemeteries.
Third, industrial buildings. Industrial buildings mainly refer to all kinds of buildings that serve industrial production, such as production workshops, auxiliary workshops, power rooms and storage buildings.
Fourth, agricultural architecture. Agricultural buildings mainly refer to buildings used for agricultural production and processing, such as greenhouses, livestock and poultry farms, grain and feed processing stations, agricultural machinery repair stations, etc.
Check the information yourself.
Such a question feels meaningless.
Question 4: What are the design principles of industrial buildings?
1. production process
There are the following four aspects. This is the basic starting point for determining the architectural design scheme. The process requirements related to construction are: ① process. It directly affects the order and relationship of each plate and department plane. ② Means of transport and modes of transport. It is closely related to the plane, structural type and economic effect of the workshop. ③ Production characteristics. For example, a large amount of waste heat and flue gas are discharged, and a large amount of corrosive substances such as acid and alkali or toxic, flammable and explosive gases are discharged, which have sanitary requirements such as temperature, humidity, dust prevention and bacteria prevention.
Choose a structure
According to the requirements of production technology, materials and construction conditions, choose the appropriate structural system. Reinforced concrete structural materials are easily available, easy to construct, fire-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and have a wide range of applications. They can be prefabricated or cast on site, and are widely used in single-storey and multi-storey factories in China. Steel structures are mostly used in workshops with large span, large space or large vibration, but fire prevention and corrosion protection measures should be taken. It is best to use industrialized buildings to save investment and shorten the construction period.
3. Production environment
The following points must be achieved: ① Good lighting and lighting. General factory buildings are mostly natural lighting (see industrial building lighting), but the lighting uniformity is poor. For example, the worsted and weaving workshops in textile mills are mostly natural lighting, but the problem of direct sunlight should be solved. If natural lighting can't meet the technological requirements, artificial lighting is used (see industrial building lighting). ② Good ventilation. If natural ventilation is adopted, it is necessary to know the internal conditions of the plant (heat dissipation, heat source, etc.). ) and local meteorological conditions, and design the exhaust passage. Some hot working and dusty workshops (such as foundry workshops) that emit a lot of waste heat should focus on solving the problem of natural ventilation. ③ Control noise. In addition to the general noise reduction measures, you can also set up a sound insulation room. ④ For some workshops with special technological requirements in temperature, humidity, cleanliness, sterility, vibration prevention, electromagnetic shielding and radiation protection, corresponding measures should be taken in building plane, structure and air conditioning. ⑤ Pay attention to the design of the overall environment inside and outside the factory, including color and greening. The reasonable layout of the living room includes clothes storage room, toilet, bathroom, shower room, health station, restaurant and so on. The arrangement depends on the production needs and sanitary conditions. Workshop administrative rooms and some auxiliary production rooms with little space can be arranged together with living rooms.
4. Layout
This is the primary link of industrial architecture design. After site selection, the site selection and zoning of the whole plant, the general layout and vertical design of the plant, the configuration of public facilities, the distribution of transportation roads and pipe networks, etc. shall be determined according to the production technology. In addition, the layout of the production, operation and management rooms and staff welfare facilities of the whole plant also belongs to the general layout. Solving the pollution problem in the production process and protecting the environmental quality must also be considered in the general layout. The key to the general layout is to reasonably solve the separation and connection between all parts of the plant and consider the overall problem from the perspective of development. The general layout involves a wide range of factors, and the best scheme is often selected by comparing multiple schemes or using computer-aided design methods.
Question 5: What is an industrial building? Civil architecture? Public buildings? Industrial buildings refer to production workshops, power rooms and other buildings that serve industrial production.
Civil buildings include residential buildings (houses and apartments) and public buildings (schools and hospitals).
Industrial buildings and civil buildings are separate and cannot be compared with each other. And public buildings and civil buildings are like father-son relationship, because civil buildings include public buildings.
Question 6: Classification of industrial buildings
1. By use: main production plant; Auxiliary production workshop; Power plant; Shell for storage; Transport housing;
2. According to the number of floors: single-storey factory building; Multi-storey factory building; Mixed level seminar;
3. According to the production situation: cold workshop; Heat treatment workshop; Constant temperature and humidity workshop; Clean workshop;
4. According to structural types: bent structure, rigid frame and frame structure (brick-concrete structure, reinforced concrete structure and steel structure).
Question 7: What are the characteristics of industrial buildings? Founder: He Deming
Features 1. The workshop should meet the requirements of production technology.
There is a large area and space inside the factory building.
3. The workshop has complex structure and high technical requirements.
(1). It must be closely combined with production.
② Workshops with different production processes have different characteristics.
(3) daylighting, ventilation, roof drainage and structural treatment are complicated. ................
Question 8: What foundations and foundation works are included in the eight sub-projects of building engineering?
The main part of the project
Floor engineering
Door and window engineering
Decoration Engineering
Roofing waterproof engineering
Construction pipeline installation project
Building electrical installation engineering
Steel structure is not.
That's what the manual says. . . . . .
Just checked:
1. Foundation and foundation
2. Main structure
3. Architectural decoration
Step 4 build the roof
5. Building water supply, drainage and heating
6. Building electricity
7. Intelligent building
8. Ventilation and air conditioning
9. Elevator
Since the Unified Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Engineering (GB50300-200 1)
Question 9: What are the classifications of buildings?
I. Classification and characteristics of building uses
1. Civil buildings: houses for people to live, live and engage in various cultural public welfare activities. According to their different uses, there are the following two categories:
(1) Residential buildings: refer to buildings for people's daily life, such as houses, dormitories, hotels, guest houses, etc.
(2) Public buildings: buildings for people to engage in social public activities and buildings with various welfare facilities, such as various schools, libraries and theaters.
2. Industrial buildings: the general name of various buildings and structures for people to engage in various industrial production activities. These production buildings are often called industrial workshops. Including workshops, substations, boiler rooms, warehouses, etc.
Second, according to the material classification of building structure
1. Brick-wood structure: The main load-bearing components of such houses are bricks and wood. Among them, the vertical load-bearing components such as walls and columns are made of bricks, and the floor and roof truss of horizontal load-bearing components are made of wood. This kind of structure has fewer floors and is mostly used in single-storey houses.
2. Brick-concrete structure: the walls and columns of the building are made of bricks, and the beams, floors, stairs and roofs are made of reinforced concrete, thus becoming a brick-concrete structure. This structure is mostly used in civil buildings and small industrial workshops with fewer floors (less than six floors), and it is a widely used structural form at present.
3. Reinforced concrete structure: the beams, columns, floors and foundations of the building are all reinforced concrete. Beam, floor, column and foundation form a load-bearing frame, so it is also called frame structure. The wall only plays the role of enclosure and is made of bricks. This structure is used for high-rise or long-span buildings.
4. Steel structure: beams, columns, roof trusses and other load-bearing components of the building are made of steel, and the walls are made of bricks or other materials. This structure is mostly used in large industrial buildings.
Three, according to the bearing mode of building structure classification
1, load-bearing wall structure
Its transmission mode is: the weight of the roof is borne by the roof truss (or beam column), which is supported on the load-bearing wall, and the weight of the floor slab is supported on the load-bearing wall by the beams and plates that make up the roof. Therefore, the load of the roof and floor is borne by the load-bearing wall; There is a foundation under the wall, and there is a foundation under the foundation. All loads are transferred from the wall and foundation to the foundation.
2. Frame structure
The main load-bearing system is composed of beams and columns, but the beams and columns are rigidly connected (in reinforced concrete structures, concrete is usually poured after the steel bars at the ends are welded into a whole), thus forming an integral rigid frame (or frame). Generally, multi-storey industrial workshops or large high-rise civil buildings are mostly frame structures.
3. Bending structure
The main load-bearing system consists of roof truss and columns. The roof truss is hinged at the top of the column (usually welded or bolted), and the lower end of the column is embedded in the foundation. This method is mostly used in general single-storey industrial workshops.
4. Others
Because the urban development needs to build some high-rise and super-high-rise buildings, the above structural forms are not enough to resist horizontal loads (wind load and earthquake load), so shear wall structure system and bucket structure system are developed.
Four, building height classification
According to the number of floors, buildings can be divided into the following categories.
1, lower floor: 2 floors and below.
2. Multi-layer: more than 2 layers and less than 8 layers.
3. Middle and high floors: above 8 floors and below 16 floors.
4. Top floor: 16 floor and below 24 floor.
5. Super high-rise: more than 24 floors.
Question 10: What are green industrial buildings and what are the green industrial buildings in China? Hello:
Green industrial building refers to a brand-new consumption concept, which is the new mainstream of industry development, and vividly and comprehensively explains that "energy saving, environmental protection, low carbon, safety, health and comfort" is the new concept of future buildings.
Masterpiece of green industrial architecture
1- Shanghai lakeside rose garden pure villa community, all products are super-large single-family houses; Representative products: Island Manor 2- Learning Chinese Characters? Qingshan Lake rose garden pure villa community, all products are single-family; Representative products: Courtyard Villa and Mountain Villa 3-the top luxury residential market in Beijing Imperial Garden, including single-family and flat-level official residences; Representative products: Ping Mansion 4- Huzhou Royal Garden Courtyard Market, including high-rise, bungalow, townhouse, courtyard and single-family building; Representative products: French townhouses, second-generation high-rise 5- Hangzhou Lanting compound market, including serviced apartments, bungalows and quadrangles; Representative products: bungalow, French courtyard 6- Beijing Chengyuan pure high-rise apartment project; Representative products: the second generation high-rise apartment in Greentown.
Personal views are for reference only.