Text discussion

First, the overall grasp

This article has five paragraphs. The first paragraph shows that the road of human history is uneven, and only vigorous spirit can cross the realm of difficulties and obstacles. The second paragraph compares the process of national life with that of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River sometimes flows into Wan Li on the plain, and sometimes it twists and turns in the mountains, which is extremely steep. This is the process of national life. Here echoes the first paragraph, which is about the "historical road" and here is about the "process of national life", which is consistent. The third paragraph takes adventure as beauty, which is a metaphor for "human life in history". The more you travel, the more you can feel the beauty of adventure. And "human life in history is like traveling." This passage shows that only through the hardships and twists in history can human beings deeply appreciate the significance of struggle and the pleasure of success. The fourth paragraph, from the general discussion of "human life in history" and "the process of national life", talks about "the historical road that the Chinese nation is facing now" with two meanings. One is that the Chinese nation is now encountering rugged obstacles, giving the strugglers an opportunity to appreciate the wonders and "feel a magnificent interest"; On the other hand, it is said that this "grand interest" cannot be felt without vigorous spirit. Here, the difficult national luck is linked with heroism, and the topic is pointed out. The fifth paragraph, taking care of the second paragraph, compares our national spirit with the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. When the Yangtze River and the Yellow River meet deserts and canyons, they can all overflow into Wan Li, and no force can stop the progress of our nation. The author calls on everyone to "be heroic" and "walk through this rugged and dangerous road", which is "also the most interesting thing in life". Throughout the whole paper, the author draws a convincing conclusion by reasoning at different levels. In the process of reasoning, layers of metaphors are full of emotion, which infects readers.

To sum up, the author compares the process of national life to a running river, and compares the historical road encountered by the Chinese nation to a rugged and dangerous road. He was not discouraged in the hardships, firmly believed that the revolution would win, the nation was prosperous, and his spirit was hale and hearty, showing revolutionary optimism and strong patriotic feelings.

Second, the problem research

1. Background information about this article.

This article was written in the 1920s. At that time, some intellectuals awakened during the May 4th Movement lost their way again and reached a crossroads. They are patriotic, but they can't see the hope of China. They sigh and hesitate. Li Dazhao and other revolutionary pioneers found the light of hope for the Chinese nation and devoted themselves wholeheartedly to the great cause of saving the country and the people. In this article, Li Dazhao told people not to be intimidated by the immediate difficulties. There are difficulties, but there are more hopes. It is interesting to fight against difficulties. I hope to mobilize more people to devote themselves to the great cause of saving the country and the people, and make the cause of saving the country a cause for the whole people.

2. About the use of metaphor.

The use of metaphor throughout this paper enhances the transparency of reasoning, the vividness of emotion and the vividness of language, and also enriches the meaning of works and words. The metaphor of this paper can be seen everywhere, comparing the process of national life to the Yangtze River; Compare the historical process of the Chinese nation with the Yangtze River and the Yellow River; With "mighty" than the history of the Chinese nation unstoppable, indomitable; Compared with the smooth development of China's national history, "the plain is boundless and Wan Li falls"; Use "twists and turns" and "obstacles" to compare the difficult national luck encountered in the history of the Chinese nation; Crossing the desert canyon with the Yangtze River and the Yellow River is more difficult than the struggle of the Chinese nation. Use "turbulent rolling, Wan Li a diarrhea" to compare the bright future of the Chinese nation. Readers see that the author is reasoning and encouraging the people; It is also lyrical, expressing the author's inner lofty sentiments and ambitions. The use of metaphor makes some languages in the works have multiple meanings, such as "road", "realm", "journey" and "rugged and dangerous", which have both original meaning, metaphorical meaning and extended meaning, and are meaningful and worthy of repeated taste.

The second and third paragraphs of this article both talk about two realms. What is the semantic focus? What is the difference between the third paragraph and the second paragraph in semantic emphasis?

The second section focuses on the narrow and steep realm, and the third section focuses on the rugged realm. Compared with the second paragraph, the third paragraph advances the semantic focus by one step. The second paragraph talks about two realms, and the third paragraph says that two realms have two kinds of fun. When you go to a rugged realm, you are in a fantastic realm, full of adventure and beauty.

Practice note

1. Read the full text and answer the questions.

1. Try to explain the "heroism" advocated in this article.

2. How to understand the author's "interest"?

Set the intention of the topic, let the students master the meaning of the text, and cultivate their explanatory ability at the same time.

Reference answer:

1. "heroic spirit", that is, national spirit. "When the Yangtze River and the Yellow River meet the desert and meet the canyon, they all flow forward in a mighty way, so that their turbid currents roll over Wan Li." "Heroic spirit" is the spirit of breaking through all difficulties and obstacles and going forward bravely.

2. The article mentions "an adventurous beauty", "a strange interest", "a magnificent interest" and "the most interesting thing in life". This kind of interest is actually an interest after experiencing difficulties and obstacles, and it is a kind of happiness and happiness. Gorky called it "the joy of struggle" in Haiyan, while Mao Zedong said that "the struggle with heaven is endless; Fighting the ground is interesting; It's fun to fight with others. This "music" and this "music" are the "music" in this article.

Secondly, this paper uses a series of metaphors to make sense, which are vivid and convincing. Try to point out which metaphors are used in the article to express the author's feelings.

Compare the process of national life with the Yangtze River; Compare the historical process of the Chinese nation with the Yangtze River and the Yellow River; With "mighty" than the history of the Chinese nation unstoppable, indomitable; Compared with the smooth development of China's national history, "the plain is boundless and Wan Li falls"; Use "twists and turns" and "obstacles" to compare the difficult national luck encountered in the history of the Chinese nation; Crossing the desert canyon with the Yangtze River and the Yellow River is more difficult than the struggle of the Chinese nation. Use "turbulent rolling, Wan Li a diarrhea" to compare the bright future of the Chinese nation. These metaphors show the author's inner ambition.

3. At the end of this article, it is said: "Building a country when the national luck is difficult is also the most interesting thing in life ..." Is this right? Why? Try group or class discussion.

The purpose of the topic is to deeply understand the ideological connotation of this article through discussion.

Teaching suggestion

First, this article is suitable for reading aloud. Students should be guided to grasp the content of the article, understand the author's feelings and understand the linguistic beauty of the text in repeated reading.

Second, pay attention to the metaphor of this article, and don't be obsessed with concepts such as ontology and vehicles. We should understand and appreciate the philosophy and emotion contained in this metaphor.

Third, students had better collect the background and author's information of this article by themselves. If there are no conditions, the teacher will introduce them to help students deepen their understanding of the text.

related data

First of all, about the author

Li Dazhao (1889— 1927) was born in Laoting, Hebei. 1907 entered Tianjin Law and Politics College to study, 19 13 went to Waseda University in Japan to study. 1965438+Returned to China in 2006 as the editor-in-chief of Beijing Morning Post. 19 18 founded Weekly Review with Chen Duxiu, participated in the editing work of New Youth, devoted himself to the study and dissemination of Marxism, publicized anti-imperialist and patriotic thoughts, and became one of the leaders of the May 4th Movement. 1920 March, the * * * production group was established in Beijing and became one of the founders of the China * * * production party. Since then, it has made great contributions to party building, workers' and students' movements and the United front. 1927 was killed by warlord Zhang on April 28th. Li Dazhao is not only a great Marxist, but also a scholar and poet. His poems were praised by Lu Xun as "monuments in the history of revolution". His works include Collected Works of Shou Chang (published in 1939), Selected Works of Li Dazhao (published in 1959) and Notes on Selected Works of Li Dazhao (published in 1979).

Second, inspiring national spirit (Li Zhengxi)

"Only those who feel the deepest can have the deepest feelings." Only a "most affectionate person" like Li Dazhao can make a "most affectionate article" shining with the brilliance of Marxism. Li Dazhao's essays are vigorous, simple and solid, which is the expression of his spiritual temperament, with sincerity, modesty, elegance, simplicity and vulgarity (inscription of Lu Xun's Complete Works of Keeping Regularity). His essays have a shocking, inspiring and boring charm, which is the reflection of Hong Mai spirit in his unremitting efforts to overthrow the old world. The difficult National Games and the heroic citizens in front of us are an exciting and optimistic heroic article.

This essay was written just after the climax of the May 4th Movement. Feudal warlords colluded with imperialism, which intensified the oppression of China people and the destruction of the New Culture Movement. Social darkness is extreme. Feudal retro forces raised their heads from the trough and launched a fierce counterattack against the New Culture Movement. Imperialism has stepped up its cultural aggression. The Chinese nation is really like a "patient recovering from a serious illness", full of holes and struggling. In the face of this "difficult national luck", should we get cold feet, be dejected and pessimistic, or face up to reality, stand up and inspire the national spirit? This is a serious problem faced by every revolutionary, patriotic and upright person. We must make a choice and give a clear answer.

Some people, such as people with unsound national spirit, cowards, weak people and servile people, have been promoted, while others have retired, or turned their enemies into friends, are unwise, or are afraid of fighting and hide. Most upright and patriotic people wander in the dark, suffering from not seeing the light and being unhappy.

In view of this reality and mental state, Li Dazhao shouted loudly at the severe historical juncture, which inspired the vigorous national spirit and established the confidence to break through obstacles on the difficult and tortuous road. This was undoubtedly like lightning and thunder in the surging ideological and cultural circles at that time, which gave people great encouragement and excitement.

At the beginning of the article, from the height of historical development, the argument is put forward with great momentum and clear attitude. In order to repeatedly explain the argument of "showing heroism" and breaking through obstacles, the article makes an analogy and uses the stream of the Yangtze River to illustrate that historical development is flat, tortuous, vivid and convincing. It is vivid, appropriate and infectious to use the experience of travel life to explain that breaking through the rugged and dangerous road will produce "interesting" enjoyment. This gives this article "Top Gun" momentum.

The article follows the trend, indicating that the development of the Chinese nation in the 1920s was "a bumpy and dangerous road", but there is absolutely no need to be pessimistic. Coincidence is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for trendsetters to show their talents. Revolutionaries who have the heroic spirit to face the reality and dare to struggle will be full of lofty sentiments and ambitions in extraordinary struggles and gain "magnificent interests". What a broad mind this is. The author said: "... without vigorous spirit, we can't feel this magnificent benefit." Yes, people who are short-sighted, have low taste and are afraid of struggle will only feel dejected in the face of the "extraordinary" rugged obstacles. Only a revolutionary with heroic spirit like Li Dazhao can have such heroic spirit of whipping the wind of the times, such an earth-shattering and open revolutionary mind, and it is possible to appreciate the "majestic interest". This sentence, in a thousand words, is not only a deep praise and encouragement to the brave revolutionaries, but also a warning and spur to the timid, timid and wandering people.

Carrying forward the heroic spirit is the need of the times. This kind of heroism should be like the vastness of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and it should have the spirit of welcoming deserts and canyons, which can't be stopped and overflows Wan Li. "How can the current difficult state hinder the progress of our national life?" Yes, Li Dazhao's prediction has already come true. However, on today's new long March of socialist revolution and socialist construction, we will also "meet deserts and canyons", "meet rugged and dangerous roads" and appear "strange places". Although these conditions are completely different from those of Li Dazhao's time, we still have to show our heroism. Then, let's call on the great revolutionary Li Dazhao, and let's "sing a progressive tune in this tragic song and walk through this rugged and dangerous road". In the hard struggle, I realized the "most interesting thing in life" of rejuvenating China.