1, B2B (business-to-business e-commerce): Enterprises use the Internet or various business networks to order goods, collect tickets, pay and other business activities from suppliers.
2.B2C (business-to-consumer e-commerce): e-commerce activities between enterprises and consumers. This kind of e-commerce is mainly an online sales activity with the help of the Internet.
3.C2A (consumer-to-administrative e-commerce): government-to-individual e-commerce activities. This kind of e-commerce activity has not really taken shape yet.
4.B2A (business-to-administration e-commerce): e-commerce activities between enterprises and government agencies. For example, the government will publish the procurement details online, and through online bidding, enterprises will also bid electronically. In addition, the government can also manage the administrative affairs of enterprises through this kind of e-commerce. For example, the government can issue import and export licenses and conduct statistical work through e-commerce, and enterprises can handle tax payment and tax refund online.
E-commerce classifies e-commerce according to the objects involved in e-commerce transactions, the contents of goods involved in e-commerce transactions and the types of networks used by enterprises conducting e-commerce.
(A) According to the classification of participants in transactions According to the classification of participants in e-commerce transactions, e-commerce can be divided into the following three types:
1. Electronic commerce between enterprises and consumers (B TO C). This is a form in which consumers directly participate in economic activities by using the Internet, which is similar to electronic retail business. With the emergence of the World Wide Web, online sales have developed rapidly. At present, there are many kinds of virtual shops and virtual enterprises on the Internet, which provide various services related to commodity sales. Commodities bought and sold through online stores can be materialized, such as books, flowers, clothing, food, cars, televisions, etc. It can also be digital, such as news, music, movies, databases, software and various knowledge-based goods; It also provides various services, such as arranging travel, online medical diagnosis and distance education.
2. B TO B between enterprises. B-to-B mode is the most important and valuable form of e-commerce. Enterprises can use the Internet or other networks to find the best partner for each transaction, and complete all transactions from ordering to settlement, including ordering from suppliers, signing contracts, accepting invoices, and paying by electronic fund transfer, letter of credit, bank collection, etc. , and other problems in the course of business, such as claims, commodity delivery management and transportation tracking. Business-to-business e-commerce business volume is large, and various software and hardware environments are complex, but it develops fastest on the basis of the success of EDI commerce.
3. business to government b to g (business to government b to g). This kind of business activity covers all kinds of affairs between enterprises and government organizations. For example, the examination and approval of various procedures between enterprises and the government, the government issues a purchase list through the Internet, enterprises respond to lawsuits electronically, and the government completes taxation and electronic transactions on enterprises through electronic exchanges on the Internet. , has become a means and method for the government to open government affairs.
(II) Classification according to the contents of commodities involved in transactions If classified according to the contents of commodities involved in e-commerce transactions, e-commerce mainly includes two types of commercial activities.
1. Indirect e-commerce E-commerce involves electronic ordering of tangible goods, such as flowers, books, food, cars, etc. The traded goods need to be delivered through traditional channels, such as postal service and commercial express service. Therefore, indirect e-commerce depends on external factors such as the transportation system for transporting goods.
2. Direct e-commerce E-commerce involves intangible goods and services, such as online ordering, payment and delivery of computer software and entertainment content, or global information services. Direct e-commerce enables both parties to trade directly across geographical boundaries and fully tap the potential of the global market. At present, most agricultural websites in China belong to this category, but they are still real direct e-commerce.
(III) Classification According to the types of networks used in e-commerce and the types of networks used by enterprises engaged in e-commerce business, e-commerce can be divided into the following three forms:
1. electronic data interchange. EDI standardizes and formats documents involved in business activities according to recognized standards and protocols, and exchanges and automatically processes data between computer network systems of trading partners through computer networks. EDI is mainly used for wholesale business between enterprises, between enterprises and wholesalers, and between wholesalers and retailers. EDI e-commerce has been greatly developed in 1990s, and its technology is relatively mature. However, due to the high requirements for management, capital and technology of enterprises, it has not been popularized so far.
2. Internet e-commerce (Internet network). It refers to the use of the global Internet for e-commerce activities. Various forms of e-commerce business can be carried out on the Internet, covering a wide range of fields, and all enterprises and individuals in the world can participate. It develops very fast and has a very attractive prospect. It is the main form of e-commerce at present.
3. Intranet network e-commerce (Intranet network). Refers to the e-commerce activities carried out in large enterprises or industries, forming a chain of business activities, which can greatly improve work efficiency and reduce business costs. For example, the homepage of People's Republic of China (PRC) and China Patent Office, where customers can find all the information and business processes related to China patents, is the application of e-commerce in government office affairs; The homepage of Nanjing Road Street in Shanghai has been opened, including the main shops on Nanjing Road. Customers can visit the famous Shanghai Nanjing Road Commercial Street online and shop in the online store of Nanjing Road in the form of e-commerce. The homepage of Beijing Book Building, which has been opened, allows customers to inquire and buy hundreds of thousands of books operated by Beijing Book Building. The above two are both e-commerce application forms from B to C, please show them. At present, there are many kinds of virtual shops and virtual enterprises on the Internet, which provide various services related to commodity sales. Commodities bought and sold through online stores can be materialized, such as books, flowers, clothing, food, cars, televisions, etc. It can also be digital, such as news, music, movies, databases, software and various knowledge-based goods; It also provides various services, such as arranging travel, online medical diagnosis and distance education.
4. B TO B between enterprises. B-to-B mode is the most important and valuable form of e-commerce. Enterprises can use the Internet or other networks to find the best partner for each transaction, and complete all transactions from ordering to settlement, including ordering from suppliers, signing contracts, accepting invoices, and paying by electronic fund transfer, letter of credit, bank collection, etc. , and other problems in the course of business, such as claims, commodity delivery management and transportation tracking. Business-to-business e-commerce business volume is large, and various software and hardware environments are complex, but it develops fastest on the basis of the success of EDI commerce.
5. business to government b to g (business to government b to g). This kind of business activity covers all kinds of affairs between enterprises and government organizations. For example, the examination and approval of various procedures between enterprises and the government, the government issues a purchase list through the Internet, enterprises respond to lawsuits electronically, and the government completes taxation and electronic transactions on enterprises through electronic exchanges on the Internet. , has become a means and method for the government to open government affairs.
(II) Classification according to the contents of commodities involved in transactions If classified according to the contents of commodities involved in e-commerce transactions, e-commerce mainly includes two types of commercial activities.
1. Indirect e-commerce E-commerce involves electronic ordering of tangible goods, such as flowers, books, food, cars, etc. The traded goods need to be delivered through traditional channels, such as postal service and commercial express service. Therefore, indirect e-commerce depends on external factors such as the transportation system for transporting goods.
2. Direct e-commerce E-commerce involves intangible goods and services, such as online ordering, payment and delivery of computer software and entertainment content, or global information services. Direct e-commerce enables both parties to trade directly across geographical boundaries and fully tap the potential of the global market. At present, most agricultural websites in China belong to this category, but they are still real direct e-commerce.
(3) According to the type of network used in e-commerce.