Hanzhong has a long history and is the birthplace of the Han family. Since 3 12 BC, King Huiwen of Qin established Hanzhong County, which has a history of more than 2,300 years.

In 206 BC, Hanwang Liu Bang took Hanzhong as his birthplace, built an altar to worship Han Xin as a general, built a plank road, secretly crossed Chencang, competed for the Central Plains, pacified Sanqin, and unified the world, making the Han Dynasty the world for more than 400 years. Since then, the titles of Han Dynasty, * *, Han nationality, Chinese language and Chinese culture have come down in one continuous line.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Hanzhong was the main battlefield of the Wei-Shu war, and the Wangjianglou in Guhantai.

Veteran Huang Zhong beheaded Xia at the foot of Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, veteran Zhao Yun defeated him at the bank of Hanshui River, and Liu Bei became the king of Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang, a generation of famous soldiers, spent eight years in Hanzhong and spent the most difficult years in his life. Six out of Qishan, northern expedition to Cao Wei, do my best. Finally, it was buried at the foot of Dingjun Mountain, where Wuhou Temple was buried, and was called "the first Wuhou Temple in the world".

This is the hometown of Zhang Qian, the pioneer of the Silk Road, the fief and burial place of Cai Lun, the inventor of the four great inventions of papermaking, and the burial place of Wei Yan, the general of the Three Kingdoms.

Emperors such as Han Xin, Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao have made great contributions here, and great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Lu You and Su Shi have visited, migrated or lived in this land, leaving magnificent ink poems.

In the pre-Qin period, Hanzhong area was partly involved in legends and historical materials, but it could not be verified because of its age.

The so-called "Liangzhou" in Shangshu Gong Yu and the "Praising the Country" in Historical Records are regarded as the embodiment of Hanzhong area in historical materials and legends.

The name of Nanzheng can be traced back to 77 BC1year.

"Notes on Water Classics" records: "The number of Nanzheng started in Zheng Huangong.

Duke Huan died of dog Rong, and his man ran south, so he was called Nan Zheng. "But this shows that historians doubt.

In the mid-Warring States period, Nanzheng was an important place for Qin and Shu to compete.

In the 26th year of Qin Gong Li (45 1 year), Zuoshuchang built Nanzhengcheng.

The Qin Dynasty established Hanzhong County, which governed Nanzheng. Hantai District, Hanzhong City today.

As one of the 36 counties in Qin dynasty, at the end of Qin dynasty, various political forces competed for the land of China. After the Hongmen banquet, Liu Bang surrendered to Xiang Yu, who named him Hanwang. According to Records of the Historian, Liu Bang was quite lost, and Xiao He, the counselor, comforted him: "It is beautiful to say' Tian Han'."

During the Hanzhong period, Liu Bang kept a low profile, adopted the strategy of "building a clear road and hiding his position" by Sean, worshipped Han Xin as a general, and then raided the Sanqin area to compete with Xiang Yu, which is known as the "Chu-Han dispute".

Liu bang finally won the military victory. Because he is in Hanzhong intact, he is called Hanwang. Therefore, after moving the capital to Chang 'an and establishing a unified feudal dynasty, it was called the Han Dynasty, and Liu Bang was also called the Emperor Gaozu.

Today, the "Han nationality" in China is named after the Han Dynasty. Hanzhong is the ancient birthplace of the title of China, leaving behind a large number of cultural relics and historic sites of the Han Dynasty, such as the altar (where Liu Bang worshipped Han Xin), the ancient Hantai and the plank road.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian, a native of Chenggu, went to the Western Regions, which became a landmark event in the rise of the Silk Road.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the political situation was turbulent, and the ethnic minorities in Ba County revolted and invaded Hanzhong and Sanshu.

In the first year of Zhong Ping, Wudou Midao Zhang Xiu Uprising responded to the Yellow Scarf Uprising, attacked Ba County and entered Hanzhong, and was defeated by Ada.

During the Xiping period (172- 178), Wudou Mi Dao spread in Hanzhong.

Later, Zhang Lu got rid of Zhang Xiu, established a regime that lasted for nearly 30 years, and then surrendered to Cao Cao.

Because of its special geographical location and the main traffic routes between the north and the south, Liu Bei soon became a fierce competition area between Cao Cao and Liu Bei after he entered Sichuan.

Later, Liu Bei won, calling him the King of Hanzhong, and Shu occupied this place. Today, there are still a large number of historical sites in the Three Kingdoms, such as Wuhou Tomb (Zhuge Liang Cemetery), Wuhou Temple, Machao Temple, Dingjun Mountain and Hutou Bridge (where Wei Yan beheaded).

After Zhuge Liang's death, Hanzhong was captured by Wei and Liangzhou was established.

After the demise of Wei, the Western Jin regime was established.

With the change of political situation, the ownership of Hanzhong began to change repeatedly during the regime change.

It successively belonged to the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Qi Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Liang Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

After the Eastern Han Dynasty, Hanzhong County was once called Hanning County, Liangzhou County, Hanchuan County, Shannan West Road, Xingyuan House, Hanzhong House and Hanzhong Road, and the name of Nanzheng was always used by the imperial courts in previous dynasties, but it was changed to Guangyi County from the Western Wei Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty (554-605).

After the turmoil in the Western Jin Dynasty, it was returned to Cheng Han.

After Huan Wen pacified Shu, Hanzhong County was re-established under Liangzhou.

Jurisdiction over Nanzheng, Puchi, Baozhong, Mianyang, Chenggu, Xixiang, Huangjin and Sing Tao.

It was not long before it was conquered by the former Qin dynasty.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was Hanzhong County, leading Nanzheng, Hanyang and Chenggu counties.

After the Zhou Dynasty, Hanzhong was changed to Hanchuan County.

At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, the county abandoned the state.

In the early years of the great cause, the state was abandoned and changed to Hanchuan County, which governed Nanzheng, Xixi, Baocheng, Chenggu, Xingshi, Xixiang, Huangjin and Nanjiang counties.

In the eighth year of Sui Daye, he moved to the southwest of Li County, facing the Hanshui River, and was rebuilt in the twelfth year of Song Jiading.

In the early Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Liangzhou, Hanchuan County, and Kaiyuan was renamed Baozhou because of its close beam and cool sound.

Soon changed back to Liangzhou.

In the early days of Tianbao, it was changed to Hanzhong County.

In March of the 6th year of Xingyuan (874), he fled Hanzhong, put down the rebellion and returned to Chang 'an in June. Hanzhong was renamed Xingyuan House, and with his title, he was in charge of Nanzheng, Baocheng, Chenggu, Xiquan and Sanquan counties, with four states of Jin, Yang, Feng and Xing.

During the Five Dynasties, it became the territory of pre-Shu, post-Tang and post-Shu regimes.

After the Northern Song Dynasty, Shu remained Xingyuan County, commanding Nanzheng, Chenggu, Baocheng and Xixi Counties.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the tax revenue of Hanzhong merchants was second only to Kaifeng and Chengdu, ranking first in the country.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, it became a border town and a county with Lianshui.

Mian, Jin and Feng all have places.

The Yuan Dynasty was Xingyuan Road.

In the third year of Ming Hongwu, it was changed to Hanzhong County, which led Jin and Ningqiang, and governed Nanzheng, Chenggu, Yang, Xixiang, Baocheng, Feng, Mian, Lueyang, Shiquan, Hanyin, Pingli, Yunyang, * * and Baihe, among which Nanzheng was subordinate to Guo.

Magistrate Fei Zhen rebuilt Hanzhong on the basis of Song Cheng, which basically laid the pattern of Hanzhong today.

In the fourth year of Hongwu, there were thousands of households in Hanzhong in the west, and in the thirteenth year, it was changed to Hanzhong Wei, with five members in the left, right, middle, front and back, belonging to Shaanxi Dusi.

Zhu Changhao, the fifth son of Ming Shenzong, was made a vassal here and was appointed as the official residence.

After more than 20 years' construction, the Ruiwangfu is large in scale, with connected courtyards, opposite towers and staggered pavilions.

It starts from the Lotus Pond in the east, reaches the West Street in the south, reaches the grain depot of the North Jiaochang in the west, and reaches the base of the city wall in the north, and moves the north city wall 20 steps to the north.

The area accounts for about one-third of Hanzhong city at that time.

In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Li Zicheng attacked Shaanxi from Hubei and Henan, and Zhang also cooperated with the attack.

After the rebels occupied Xi 'an, Zhu Changhao fled to Sichuan to take refuge.

The luxurious palace in Hanzhong was demolished and robbed by the local people.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen wrote in Song of the Forbidden City in Wang Rui: "It was the end of the world when firewood arrived at Di Zi's house in Zhumen.

Where are the platform guests today? Scattered hills, clusters of sweet-scented osmanthus. In the past, the Ruiwangfu left a lotus pond, a glazed wall and an ancient bronze clock engraved with patterns such as "flying" and "dragon". The existing paleontological fossils of the ancient Hantai and the garden are collected in Hanzhong Library.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/863, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom helped Decai, Lai, Lan and Cheng Fu to lead the troops to the west to fight against the Qing army. In August of the same year, he conquered Hanzhong and killed Zhou Fanshou, the county magistrate of Nanzheng, who was later suppressed by the Qing army.

After the founding of the Republic of China, Hanzhong became a key transportation hub in Sichuan. After the tension between China and Japan, it became a transit point for strategic materials and played an important role in transporting materials, manpower and cultural relics to Sichuan before the war.

After the July 7th Incident, the former National Peiping University, National Peiping Normal University and Tianjin National Beiyang Institute of Technology merged in Xi 'an and reorganized into the National Xi 'an Temporary University. 1February, 938, moved to Hanzhong and Chenggu, and the school headquarters established Chenggu Examination Institute Primary School, which was renamed as National Northwest University. In August, the former Beiping Normal University was established independently and renamed as National Northwest Normal University, 1945.

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Hanzhong was under the jurisdiction of the Fifth Theater.

1949 65438+ 10 1 When People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, Hanzhong was still under the control of the * * * authorities.

1949,65438+February, the Middle Route Army of the 18th Corps of the Second Field Army entered the area. By 1950, the new * * * completely controlled the jurisdiction of this area.

Since then, traffic construction and political rectification measures have been implemented.

After the "Third Line Construction" began, Hanzhong became a key construction area.

1On February 20th, 965, Luo Ruiqing, director of the Office of National Defense Industry, reported the layout of the third-line construction to the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of * * * and * *, and put forward the Report on New National Defense Industry Projects in the Second and Third-line Areas, which pointed out that "Hanzhong is a good base for national defense industry construction with deep strategy, criss-crossing mountains and rivers, mild climate, rich products and abundant water resources".

It is clearly pointed out in the layout plan that Hanzhong area is dominated by aviation industry, supplemented by important national defense projects and national industrial backbone projects.

On March 2 1 day of the same year, the report was adopted.

Since then, Hanzhong has been selected for many times from 1965 to 1969, and the 0 12 base was formally established on 19641October 28th.

At the same time, the 405 nuclear industry factory under the Ministry of Machinery Industry started construction in this area, which later belonged to the Ministry of Nuclear Industry and now belongs to China National Nuclear Corporation.

Starting from 1966, Hanjiang Machine Tool Factory, Hanchuan Machine Tool Factory, Hanjiang Tool Factory and Hanjiang Casting and Forging Factory under the Ministry of Machinery Industry began to build in this area.

1969165438+1October, the central government decided to use Hanzhong as the production base of transport aircraft and listed it as a key project in the fourth five-year plan.

During the Cultural Revolution, a large number of historical sites were destroyed, the ancient city wall of Hanzhong was demolished, the Hanzhong Bell Tower was completely destroyed in the battle, and the ancient Hantai and other sites were vandalized to varying degrees.

In May 2008, 12 Wenchuan earthquake, Hanzhong was one of the cities seriously affected.

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