Alma-Ata
The capital of Kazakhstan, the national political, economic, transportation, scientific and cultural center. The capital of Almaty. It is located in an artificially irrigated oasis along the Almatinka River, a tributary of the Ili River at the northern foot of Alatao Mountain in Ili. The population is about 265,438+10,000. Most of the residents are Russians, but there are also Kazakhs and Ukrainians. Formerly known as Villenet. 192 1, renamed today, which means "Apple City" in Kazakh, and is named after its suburbs are rich in apples. 1929 Kazakh capital was designated here. 1930 has developed rapidly with the opening of the Tuxi Railway. There are earthquakes and mudslides. The main industrial center of Kazakhstan. Food and light industry account for a large proportion. Mainly flour, meat, textiles, fur and shoes. There are also machinery manufacturing, building materials and wood processing. The railway connects Siberia, Urals, Central Asia and Xinjiang, China. It is an important highway transportation center and an airport at home and abroad. There are universities and research institutes, libraries, theaters, museums and botanical gardens. The urban layout is clean and tidy, with oriental characteristics. The Orthodox Cathedral is the second tallest wooden structure in the world.
Almaty, the Apple City of Kazakhstan
Almaty has a long history, and the Silk Road from ancient China to Central Asia passed through here. The city was founded in 1854, and 1867 became the administrative center of Turkistan-the governor's jurisdiction. 1991February After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, it became the capital of independent Kazakhstan. Because Almaty is located in the border area, the urban expansion space is limited. 1994, Kazakhstan decided to move its capital to Akmola in north-central China before 2000.
Almaty is a famous city in Central Asia with unique scenery and endless charm. Located on the northern slope of Alatao Mountain in Yili, outside Tianshan Mountain. The city is green everywhere, and the suburbs are undulating. In the distance, the top of Tianshan Mountain is covered with snow, and there are rows of tall buildings in the city. The streams on the high mountains pass through the urban areas and suburbs, leaving fertile soil. This fertile land is full of orchards, especially apple orchards. The big apples produced here are sweet and delicious, and are well known. In Kazakh, Almaty means "apple-rich place" or "apple city". Almaty has the reputation of "the city of apples".
Etiquette of eating mutton in Kazakhstan
The traditional food of Kazak is mutton, goat's milk and its products, and the most popular dish is hand-grabbed mutton. In Kazakh, mutton with hands is called "Besh Bahrmark", which means "five fingers", that is, eating with hands. When you are a guest in Kazakhstan and meet your host, you should first ask, "Are livestock safe?" Then ask: "How is the whole family?" . When the host and guests meet, men and women should sit separately, and the most important guests should sit on the left, according to their status or qualifications. The master is on the far right. If a distinguished guest comes home, the host must slaughter the sheep to entertain him.
Kazakhstan is a nation that pays great attention to etiquette and face. Before killing the sheep, the owner should first show the sheep to the guests and politely say something like this: "Although the sheep is not too fat, this is a little gift from me, please eat together." There are certain rules for eating mutton at the party. The host and guest should eat sheep liver with sheep tail oil before eating mutton. The sheep's head is regarded as the best part, usually split in two and placed at the top of the plate to entertain the most distinguished guests. Then eat mutton without bones, and finally eat mutton with bones and mutton soup. In the process of eating mutton, guests should take some meat from the plate and invite housewives to eat it to show their respect and gratitude, otherwise it will be considered impolite. After eating, the host should politely say "I didn't eat much, please forgive me" and so on. Guests should raise their hands, touch their cheeks down to their chests and say, "May God bless a rich diet".
Source: Sichuan News Network
Cotton textile industry in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is a big cotton-producing country in the world, with cotton-growing areas all over the country, but mainly concentrated in the eastern region; There are many deserts in the west, poor natural conditions and little cultivated land. At present, Kazakhstan has about 4.5 million hectares of arable land, of which cotton planting area accounts for about one third, reaching 6.5438+0.5 million hectares, with an annual output of 4 million tons of seed cotton. Cotton production ranks fourth in the world and exports second. Cotton is one of the main export products of Kazakhstan, accounting for about 34% of export revenue.
Kazakhstan's textile industry has a weak foundation and slow development, and its domestic processing capacity only accounts for about 15% of its cotton output. After Kazakhstan's independence, it has been a basic national policy to reduce the export of raw materials, expand deep processing, increase added value and increase employment, and the textile industry is a key area for Kazakhstan's development.
Three characteristics of Kazakhstan's economic development
1, the privatization process is fast. Now the private economy has accounted for more than 80% of the total national economy;
2. Strong dependence on foreign economy. Since the founding of New China, the per capita absorption of foreign capital ranks first among CIS countries.
3. High dependence on foreign domestic products. In particular, high-tech products, daily necessities and light industrial products are basically replaced by goods from the United States, Germany, Japan, South Korea, China and Turkey. The market demand is strong, and the distribution and radiation of materials are wide.