abstract:
As one of the core contents of ideological education, China's preschool education, especially patriotism education, is not only related to the individual's future physical and mental development, but also of inestimable importance to the future development of the whole country and nation. Therefore, patriotism education, starting with children, is the responsibility and obligation entrusted to us by the times. At present, the development of preschool education in China is facing various problems and challenges. The enlightenment, simplification of form and plainness of content of exam-oriented education directly affect the content and form of patriotism education in preschool education, which makes people urgently need to re-recognize the value of preschool education from the strategic height of national education development and actively find ways suitable for the development of preschool patriotism education.
Key words:
Patriotism and Emotionalization of Kindergarten Education
First, the importance of patriotism education for young children
Early childhood has developed from a natural person to a social person who can initially adapt to social life, which makes early childhood a key turning point. This stage is not only a critical period for the formation of children's behavior habits, but also the best period for children's social development [1]. Social education at this stage, especially patriotism education, is of great significance to young children. Patriotism education in kindergartens has always been controversial. Some people think it is not advisable to impose the abstract concept of patriotism on children. It is not unreasonable to have such an understanding, but they only look at this issue in the context of exam-oriented education, and the indoctrination and preaching education form limits their understanding.
Education in early childhood is actually the education of being a man. At this stage, children begin to cultivate their learning cognitive ability, social behavior ability and emotional value. Patriotism education is actually emotional education. Because children are in the stage of thinking with concrete images, many abstract concepts are difficult to understand, but they are deeply impressed by vivid images. Therefore, patriotism education in early childhood and concretization of abstract concepts are easy to cultivate their social emotions and cognition, which is of great significance and role to their ideological, moral and emotional education in the future.
Second, the status quo and problems of patriotism education in kindergartens
Patriotism education under socialist conditions should be patriotic education with China characteristics, which has great practical and far-reaching historical significance. The "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education" points out the target content in the social field, and requires that children be educated to love their families and their motherland. Although patriotism education in kindergarten is of great significance, there are still some problems and disadvantages in the actual implementation process.
1. Overindulgence of the only child
Due to the influence of China's family planning policy, most families are now composed of only children, who have gained more love and resources than previous families with children or many children. The rich material foundation and the improvement of the cultivation environment have created many favorable conditions for their emotional stimulation. The deliberate protection of family or school makes them lack the opportunity to grow up in multi-dimensional interpersonal relationships. In people's extra attention and excessive doting, it is easy to cause shortcomings in moral behavior habits such as poor collective consciousness, strong dependence and excessive rebellion, which is difficult to discipline and increases the difficulty of patriotism education.
2. Excessive parental intervention
In reality, there is such a situation that many kindergarten directors or teachers who understand education have profound and unique views on kindergarten education because of the influence of some parents or various practical factors, and really understand what children need, or know what to get from children in what form and how to cultivate them. However, in order to meet the requirements of parents, in reality, parents think that patriotism education is too abstract for young children, so they abandon this part, so kindergartens abandon the real educational concept.
3. One-sided understanding of teachers
Elite education is not suitable for preschool education, and the healthy development of children's body and mind is the most important. On the one hand, many teachers think that patriotism education in kindergartens is too empty and unrealistic, which makes them at a loss. Therefore, targeted and focused patriotic education cannot be carried out according to children's age and physical and mental characteristics, but only according to traditions and practices, making education more passive. On the other hand, teachers and parents only pay attention to the educational results, ignoring the children's psychological feelings in the process of education, and simply think that the focus of patriotism is only the understanding of the meaning of the national flag, and there are no measures to stimulate children's psychological activities and emotional experiences.
4. Interpretation of public errors
Many people in the society think that it is unrealistic to educate children in kindergartens in patriotism. Children's age, cognitive ability and behavioral ability are not suitable for the content of patriotism education, and they cannot understand abstract concepts such as patriotism. Some people even think that "patriotism" is a major event, and it is unnecessary to educate children in patriotism. This has caused some social resistance. In addition, people's blind obedience to so-called foreign experts and unrealistic introduction of new ideas and concepts will inevitably lead to the confusion of current early childhood education. Under the influence of society, many parents and teachers blindly impose the learning tasks of primary school students on kindergarten children, ignoring the scientific nature of education and not realizing that children can only accept what they have learned if they use their brains voluntarily.
Third, suggestions on patriotism education in kindergartens.
1. Improve the educational environment, entertain and educate, and play the infiltration role of patriotic education.
Environmental factors have a great influence on the formation of children's acquired consciousness. The change of human behavior is not determined by the individual's internal factors alone, but the result of his interaction with the environment. Kindergartens must construct a clean and warm educational environment reasonably, and fully tap their own characteristics and educational resources according to the characteristics of children at different ages. By arranging an environment that must conform to children's characteristics, carry out some activities suitable for children's learning. Make the educational content have certain characteristics, cultural connotation and attraction at the same time, so as to stimulate children's interest in learning and participation and make them love their hometown and motherland more.
2. Start from "small" and cultivate children's love.
Every child has a pure and kind heart. Kindergartens cultivate children's ability to take the initiative to care for things by raising some small animals and taking advantage of their special love for small animals. From the shallow to the deep, they understand that the motherland is not just an abstract concept, but a great unity composed of parents, relatives and society, thus understanding the true meaning of the motherland. In addition, we should start with every little thing around children and carry out patriotic education by extension. By telling the story of Lei Feng, we can make them really feel an image, and also make abstract concepts concrete and visual.
3. Pay attention to the role of parents and deepen patriotism education.
Childhood is the foundation stage of life. Kindergarten environment is the main place for children's activities and study. Besides, family environment is also an indispensable factor that must be considered in kindergarten education. Patriotism education activities in kindergartens must actively organize and guide parents to participate. Parents' understanding is the premise of carrying out patriotic education smoothly. Kindergartens can combine parents and children to participate in various theme education activities set up by kindergartens for this purpose. Please make the Great Wall by yourself, and deepen children's love for the Great Wall and the motherland. Set up all kinds of virtual professional posts, so that children can truly understand the importance of all kinds of work, and parents can also take a good look at the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, broaden their horizons, increase their knowledge and increase their ability. Through these activities, parents and children can feel, experience, participate and interact together, which not only stimulates children's patriotic feelings, but also makes parents realize the importance of cultivating patriotic consciousness in early childhood.
Expanding Reading: Patriotism Education Project in Kindergarten
First, the purpose of carrying out patriotic education activities
1. Carry out patriotic education activities and fully implement the Outline of Patriotism Education and the Implementation Opinions on Strengthening Moral Education in Schools issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
2. Explore new methods, new ways and educational art of patriotism education in the new period, and push patriotism education to a new stage.
Second, the principle of carrying out patriotic education activities
3. Take building Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory and the Party's basic line as the fundamental guiding ideology.
4. The Outline of Patriotism Education and the Implementation Opinions on Strengthening Moral Education in Schools issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China are guiding documents.
5. Adhere to the principle of "teaching first, education first".
Third, the goal and content of patriotism education
(1) target
7. Educate students to love their classes, schools, hometown and motherland, stimulate patriotic enthusiasm, and cultivate national self-esteem, self-confidence and sense of responsibility.
(2) content
(1) cognition
8. Know the meaning of the people of China and the national emblem, know that I am a citizen of the people of China, and know that loving the motherland is both a moral requirement and an obligation of citizens.
9. Have a preliminary understanding of the resources, population, nationality, environment and the ancient civilization history of the motherland, and realize that the Chinese nation is a great nation with diligence, courage, intelligence, love for peace, revolutionary tradition, centripetal force and cohesion. Learn from the advanced ideas and outstanding deeds of heroes and model figures of the motherland.
10, know that youth is the golden age of life, know that the collective is the garden of personal growth, and understand the relationship between loving youth, loving the collective and loving the motherland.
1 1. Know that the Constitution is the fundamental law of the country and know how to learn, abide by and protect the law.
12, a preliminary understanding of the history of humiliation, struggle, entrepreneurship and construction of China people in the past 100 years, knowing that only socialism can save China and develop China; A preliminary understanding of China's basic national conditions and the party's basic line; Clarify the social responsibility of contemporary youth.
(2) Emotion
13, respect yourself and cherish youth; Respect and love each other and cherish the friendship of classmates.
14, love classes and schools, and gradually cultivate feelings of loving the motherland and people of all ethnic groups.
15, love the great rivers and mountains of hometown and motherland, and cultivate the ambition and sense of responsibility to build hometown and motherland.
16, love the long history and excellent cultural traditions of the motherland, and inspire national self-esteem, self-confidence and pride.
(3) Behavior
17. Start with small things and cultivate good qualities of doing good for others, the collective and the country.
18, form the behavior habit of observing school discipline, social order and national laws.
19, care about state affairs, study hard, exercise hard, be thrifty and make all preparations for building and defending the motherland.
20. Respect and care for the national flag and national emblem. When raising and lowering the national flag and playing the national anthem, stand at attention, take off your hat and stand at attention.
Four. Mode and form
Subject teaching
Through the teaching of Chinese, local courses and learning courses, as well as the enlightenment of Chinese studies, students are educated in patriotism and play the main role of classroom teaching.
(2) Extracurricular activities
(1) Class and group activities
2 1, do a good job in freshmen's entrance education and class collective education, focusing on:
(1) "I love my school (class, school collective)" school meeting theme education.
"Take the first step" and talk about personal planning and self-requirements.
(3) Discussion on "the elegant demeanor of contemporary primary school students".
④ Select "civilized middle school students".
22, guide students to participate in extracurricular science and technology (computer) group activities, master computer application knowledge.
24, encourage students to participate in sports group activities, and actively participate in various sports competitions.
25. Organize the "China Everybody Sing" singing contest.
26, "China outstanding scientists" reading essay competition.
(3) film and television activities
27. Cooperate with education and teaching, organize to watch patriotic education films, write experiences and talk about experiences.
(4) Reading activities
(3) Social practice
28. Actively participate in public welfare work inside and outside the school.
29, the use of holidays, in-depth social investigation in rural areas, to understand the economic development of hometown, praise the motherland, dedicated to the party.
30. Visit hero models and advanced figures, learn their advanced deeds and take the first step of youth.
Family education
3 1, held a family education forum. Solve the mistakes of overindulgence, overcorrection and laissez-faire
32. Start a parent school, so that family education and school education can form * * * knowledge, master scientific parenting methods, tap students' potential and correct learning attitude.
Organize a flag-raising ceremony once a week.
34. Carry out major commemorative festivals.
35. Decorate the campus environment.