There is an inland river in Jiangmen called Tianshahe River, which originates from Guanyin Zhangshan, Yayao Town, Heshan City, and its tributaries include Nanjing Water, Sanbao Water, Tongjing Water, Tianhe Water and duruan Water. It flows through Yayao Town, Tangxia Town and duruan Town of Heshan City, Huanshi Sub-district Office, Baisha Sub-district Office and Huicheng Sub-district Office of Xinhui District. The lower reaches of Tianshahe River are divided into two branches at Dai Yu Bridge of Wuyi University: one branch flows into Jiangmen River through Lachong and East Fort, and the other branch flows into Jiangmen River through Licun, Baisha and Jiangzui. The main stream of Tiansha River is 48.5km long, with a drainage area of 27 1 km2.
Tianshahe is named after "the river flows through Tianhe to Baisha, each taking a word, so it is called Tianshahe".
Although Tiansha River is only over 40 kilometers long, it runs through Dayan Moutain, Li Tiefu Huage, Liangxi Ancient Village, Gongkeng Temple, Old Xijiang Normal School (located in Huang Zhuang), Wuyi University, Chishi, Chen Baisha Temple, Baisha Park and other historical and cultural attractions. These scenic spots are like a pearl necklace hanging around Jiangmen's neck.
Tiansha River can be said to be the mother river of Jiangmen. It is like a gentle and virtuous young woman, feeding her children wholeheartedly. Among her children, there are Chen Baisha, founder of Jiangmen School, the only scholar in Guangdong who paid homage to Confucius Temple, Chen Yuan, a historian known as "national treasure", Li Tiefu, who is known as "the first person in oil painting in China", Lu Guanheng, the leader of thirteen lines in Guangzhou, a wealthy businessman in Southeast Asia, a Singaporean with seven heads and Zhu.
Tianshahe River is also the life river of Jiangmen: it irrigates tens of thousands of acres of fertile land along the coast and provides drinking water and water sources for more than 65,438+10,000 people. It was once an important transportation line for Jiangmen's water transportation. Tianshahe witnessed every step of Jiangmen's development.
In the past 30 years, the city of Jiangmen has become bigger, the urban population has increased and the traffic has developed. However, as the mother river and the river of life, Tiansha River has turned black and stinks, and the fish have disappeared. The busy scene of ships shuttling back and forth in the river 30 years ago and the scene of citizens playing and laughing in the river have now become a piece of memory!
"Tianshahe is a precious wealth endowed by nature to overseas Chinese." On March 9 this year, Chen Jixing, secretary of Jiangmen Municipal Party Committee, led the leaders of water conservancy and finance departments to inspect Tianshahe on the spot, and pointed out that Tianshahe must be rectified and strive to basically complete the main project by 20 10.
In order to get to know past lives in Tianshahe, the author recently spent more than three months visiting some scenic spots in Tianshahe, inspecting some coastal villages, interviewing some villagers and village cadres, trying to find people and things related to Tianshahe, revising some historical and character stories in libraries and archives, and writing a series of Looking for Tianshahe.
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Tianshahe River has undergone five large-scale renovations.
Historically, in addition to heightening and strengthening river embankments and building some small sluices in villages and towns along the river, people have carried out five large-scale renovations to Tiansha River in the past century. They are:
19 12 excavate the new Tianshahe River from the old club (Guanxi) to Baisha for the first time, add the lower outlet of Baisha Park, and lead the outlet of Tianshahe River to the lower reaches of Jiangmen River to speed up flood discharge. The host of the project is Tan.
The second time was in 19 17, and a rake sluice was built at the east fort of Tiansha River to prevent Hong Chao from flowing backwards and prolong the drainage opportunity. The sluice is a reinforced concrete structure with 3 holes and a clear width of14.5m.. Designed and constructed by Swedish engineer Ke, presided over by Tan, director of river regulation in Guangdong Province.
For the third time, in 1952, the section from the old club to Baisha was cut, straightened and dredged, and a new channel from Baisha to Jiangzuichang 1755 m was excavated, and the outlet of Baisha Park was moved down to Jiangzui, and the natural slope of Jiangmen River was used to speed up flood discharge. The project is presided over by Xinhui County People's Government.
For the fourth time, 1966, the 500-meter-long hillside of Zhudangling in Guanxi was dug as a river channel to widen the Tiansha River straightly and deepen the 5300-meter downstream reach. The project was presided over by Xinhui County Revolutionary Committee and completed in March 1973.
The fifth time, from 1994 to 2000, was presided over by Jiangmen Municipal People's Government, which mainly regulated the upper and lower outlets from Xinchang. There are five key points in this project: 1, dredging the river course, widening the section from Shishan Bridge to the upper exit of the East Fort and the section from Sanchakou to the lower exit of Jiangzuixia to 35 meters, dredging the river bed; 2. Embankment construction: the urban river section adopts stone embankment, and the river section protected by embankment is 8.7 kilometers long; 3. Greening, constructing landscape belt image project along the river bank, adding guardrail on the stone embankment, planting trees, grass and flowers on the slope protection to form riverside park; 4. Pollution control: Jiangmen Environmental Protection Bureau will order 7 key polluting enterprises along Tianshahe River in the urban area to limit their discharge, and together with Heshan and Xinhui, 60 key polluting enterprises in the basin will be rectified within a time limit to ensure that the water quality of Tianshahe River reaches the standard; 5. Obstacle removal: The obstacles such as old docks, wing walls, sunken ships, and illegal buildings along the river are cleaned and removed to ensure the smooth flow of the river.
Because Tianhe, a tributary of Tianshahe River, has three estuaries leading to Xijiang River, the Tianhe River is in balance with Xijiang River. In history, Tianhe levee broke many times, and Xijiang River washed away Tianshahe levee, water conservancy facilities, fields and houses. Therefore, the construction of Tianhe levee has become the key to the management of Tiansha River.
According to the local records of Xinhui, the construction projects of Tianhe levee in Qing Dynasty were as follows: during Jiaqing period (1796- 1820), Lu Guanheng, a wealthy businessman from Shitou Village, donated money to build Zhou Junwei; In the second year of Daoguang (1822), the Xijiang River flooded, and after the collapse of Zhou Jun, Hengjiang and Tianhe, Lu Wenju, son of Lu Guanheng, donated silver133,000 taels, built 3,458 feet of stone dikes, donated 825 mu of yellow cloth buttock fields, rented fields as annual repair funds, and allowed the government to exempt villagers from sending more money per mu every year. In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), Lu Wenju donated money to heighten the levee.
During the period of the Republic of China and New China, the government and the people also invested many times to renovate the Tianhe levee in Xijiang River. The biggest one is the highway along the Yangtze River built by Jiangmen Municipal People's Government in the early 20th century along the Xijiang levee, which completely solved the problem that Tiansha River was threatened by Xijiang flood. (Li Xingfa)