Cao xuhuan

The reputation and achievements of Nankai University embodies the painstaking efforts and dedication of founders and academic leaders of various disciplines in different historical periods. Professor Chen is one of these people who have great influence in academic circles at home and abroad.

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Chen (1903- 1967), born in Wenchang, Guangdong (now Hainan), is a famous social and cultural master, social historian and educator. Born into a family of overseas Chinese businessmen, he studied at Wenchang Zhiyuan Primary School in Hainan, Yu Ying Primary School in Singapore, Lingnan Middle School in Guangdong, Biology Department of Hujiang University in Shanghai and Sociology Department of Fudan University in his early years. 1925 published an essay on reading records. In the same year, I went to the University of Illinois to study political science and sociology. Master's degree in 1926 and doctor's degree in 1927. His doctoral thesis is "Recent Sovereignty Theory". From 65438 to 0928, he returned to China to teach in the Sociology Department of Lingnan University in Guangzhou. From 65438 to 0929, she married Ms. Huang Sufen, a graduate student in the Department of Education of Lingnan University in Singapore, and then went to Germany for further study. She studied politics, sovereignty and sociology at the University of Berlin, and then transferred to the Institute of World Economics at Kiel University to study public international law. In order to facilitate extensive data collection and in-depth research, I have mastered German, French and Latin besides English. After the original research work in Germany came to an end, I continued to study and inspect in European countries such as Britain and France. Because my father was seriously ill in 19 13, I gave up my research and investigation work in Europe and went back to China to continue teaching at Lingnan University, and also served as a chair of Sun Yat-sen University.

1934, Chen was hired as a research professor by the Institute of Economics of Nankai University and presided over the research department of the Institute. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he first participated in the joint establishment of Changsha Temporary University by Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University, and soon went to Kunming as Professor The National SouthWest Associated University and Dean of Law and Business School. At the same time, he also led the research work of Nankai Economic Research Institute, which had moved to Beibei, Chongqing, until the conference ended in August 1946, when Peking University, Tsinghua and Nankai resumed their studies. During this period, I was invited to give lectures in the United States for one year from August 1944 to August 1945. In the first half of the year, he went to all parts of the United States to talk about Sino-US relations and cooperation between countries, and in the second half, he served as the commander-in-chief of Yale University. 1In August, 946, he returned to Tianjin and served as the president of Nankai University, the dean of the School of Economics and the research director of the Institute of Economics, presiding over the teaching and scientific research work after the resumption of school. 1August, 948, became the president of Lingnan University. But I still go back to Nankai to do research for three or four months every year.

1952 During the adjustment of departments, Lingnan University merged with Sun Yat-sen University, and Chen was appointed as the director of the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen University. 1954 Professor of History Department of Sun Yat-sen University, presided over the establishment of Southeast Asia Research Office of Sun Yat-sen University, 1956 served as Vice President of Sun Yat-sen University, 1962 served as President of Jinan University after the resumption of school in Guangzhou. 1In August, 964, he was transferred to vice president of Nankai University. 1February 1967 19 died of a heart attack at Nankai university at the age of 64.

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Professor Chen is a famous expert in Southeast Asian history and ethnic history in China. From the perspective of sociologists, he used the scientific methods of modern sociology to study the national history and present situation, and achieved many remarkable results. As early as 1939, the Commercial Press published his book Siam and China. The Chinese version of Nanyang and China from 65438 to 0948 was published by Southwest Institute of Social Economy of Lingnan University. 1946 The Commercial Press published his Study on Egg Man. 1949 Lingnan University published his Vietnam issue. After liberation, it was written as Draft of Xiongnu History, Study of Eight Ancient History in Southeast Asia and Interpretation of Xishuangbanna History.

Xiongnu Historical Manuscript is a masterpiece in the study of the history of ancient ethnic minorities in China. 1954- 1956 is the first draft of nearly one million words, 1964 is partially revised, and 1989 is published by Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House. Professor Chen's concern and research on the history of Xiongnu began very early. When he was in middle school, he heard from the reform-through-labor teacher that the study of Xiongnu history was still blank in China, and the whereabouts of Xiongnu's westward migration was a historical mystery, so he decided to solve this mystery and fill this blank. Wherever he went, he paid attention to collecting information about the history of Xiongnu, especially during his study in Germany, and collected the research results of western scholars on the history of Xiongnu and the historical materials about Xiongnu preserved in the West. In the Historical Draft of Xiongnu, he comprehensively introduced Chinese and foreign historical materials and research results about Xiongnu history. Through in-depth research, he described the geographical environment, economic life, religious consciousness, language customs, cultural concepts and other aspects of ancient Xiongnu life, and discussed the whole process of Xiongnu's rise, prosperity, migration and decline, which is the largest, most informative, most extensive and highest academic level of research results on Xiongnu history so far. After the book was published, it attracted the attention of academic circles, and won the ancient books research and publication award issued by 1992.

Chen's Collection of Studies on the Ancient History of Southeast Asia consists of two volumes, 1992, which is jointly published by Taiwan Province Province, Hong Kong Commercial Press and Shenzhen Haitian Publishing House, and also distributed in Taiwan Province Province, Hong Kong and Shenzhen. This is the result of teacher Chen's research on the ancient history of Southeast Asia in 1956- 1964. The anthology includes eight kinds: A Preliminary Discussion on the Ancient History of Southeast Asia, A Preliminary Collection of Vietnamese Historical Materials, A Preliminary Compilation of Lin Yi's History, A Preliminary Study on the History of Southern Fujian, A Preliminary Examination of Meng Guo, A First Draft of the Ancient History of Chantai, A Preliminary Interpretation of the Ancient History of Tibet and Burma, and a Preliminary Description of the Ancient History of the South China Sea in Malaya. Seven of them were published in Hong Kong in the 1960s. The content of each book generally includes historical evolution, geographical orientation, national origin, social economy, culture and religion, customs and habits, foreign relations and so on. China's contacts with Southeast Asian countries have a long history, and the records about Southeast Asia in China's ancient books are endless. Chen digs valuable materials from the voluminous history books of China, taking this as his main task, supplemented by local relevant materials and the research results of Chinese and foreign scholars, and combined with his many field trips to various parts of Southeast Asia, he made comprehensive analysis and research, and wrote these eight unique and original academic monographs at the speed of completing one each year, which became the pioneer of China academic circles to comprehensively study the ancient history of Southeast Asia and was widely praised and respected by historians.

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Chen's A Comparative Study of Culturology and Chinese and Western Cultures had a great influence on the cultural and ideological circles in the 1930s and 1940s. In more than ten years, he has extensively collected Chinese and foreign historical materials, applied scientific analysis methods of modern sociology, and constructed his own unique and systematic theory of culturology. On this basis, he made an in-depth study of Chinese and Western cultures, North-South cultures and Southwest cultures, and strongly advocated learning from the West. He is a representative figure of "total westernization" in the history of modern cultural thought in China. Since the May 4th New Culture Movement, the academic circles have been discussing cultural issues more and more deeply. How to understand the phenomenon of human culture, how to treat China's traditional culture and modern western civilization, and how to make the country rich and strong and keep pace with the advanced western countries ... these issues have become the central topics of academic concern. Professor Chen was born at the right time, and he had his own unique experience among the first generation of scholars who were fully educated in the East and the West in modern China, which gave him more opportunities to fully and profoundly accept the Eastern culture and the Western culture. When he was studying in America, he paid special attention to cultural issues. While studying in Germany, he wrote a magnificent View of Eastern and Western Cultures, which took over the banner of "total westernization" that Hu Shi first raised in 1929 but later gave up, and rushed into the central battlefield of the cultural debate between China and the West.

193 1 At the end, Mr. Chen added a preface to "The View of Eastern and Western Cultures" and wrote a book "The Way Out of China Culture" with 80,000 words, which was published by the Commercial Press 1934. On February 29th,1933,65438 delivered a speech entitled "The Way Out of China Culture" in the auditorium of Sun Yat-sen University, which triggered a debate on cultural issues in southern ideological circles. Chen, who just turned 30, attracted people's attention when he first entered the academic circle. In order to carry out in-depth academic research,1August, 934, Chen Lai went to Nankai Economic Research Institute, which was famous at home and abroad at that time. 1935 published Book Review of Rural Construction. In June of the same year, 65438+ 10/0, ten professors, including Wang, He, Sun, Huang Wenshan, Zhang Yi, Chen, Sa and Fan Zhongyun, jointly published an important article entitled "China-based Declaration on Cultural Construction" in the monthly magazine Cultural Construction. A clear-cut opposition to the "total westernization" Chen wrote "Comment on the Declaration on the Construction of Chinese Culture", pointing out that "the significance of ten professors to culture has hardly been understood" and the concept of "culture" is confusing; On the surface, the Declaration is a "stale compromise argument", but in essence it is "retro and conservative". The national cultural and ideological circles have launched a heated discussion on this, which is an unprecedented debate on the cultural outlet and cultural construction direction of China in the history of modern cultural thought in China.

During the war-torn War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the National The National SouthWest Associated University was located in the relatively stable rear area, with little entertainment and entertainment. It is under such an opportunity that Chen concentrated on the information about culturology collected by himself over the years and the experience accumulated in the debate, and made an in-depth study of culturology. In the Department of Sociology of the General Assembly, Chen also officially opened the course of "Culturology", which is the first time in the history of education in China that culturology has been included in the university curriculum. 1944 Chen took advantage of his visit to the United States to continue to collect information on culturology. After returning home, I sorted out the lecture notes of the cultural class at the conference and wrote An Introduction to Cultural Studies, which was published by the Commercial Press, 1947.

Chen's in-depth study of social culturology is indeed of pioneering significance. As Nankai pointed out today, "Mr. Chen's research work ... is the most successful research on cultural issues at present", "Mr. Chen pays special attention to culture when teaching sociology. If Tsinghua's sociology is an orthodox school (Mr. Wu) and Peking University's sociology is a materialist school (Mr. Wu), then Nankai should be a cultural school. From a sociological point of view, the three majors are only' three feet three'. "

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Professor Chen is a famous educator in modern China. His educational thought and practice can be divided into two stages by 1952. In the previous stage, we insisted on saving the country through education and advocated learning from the west in an all-round way. The socialist education policy was implemented in the later period.

As early as 1930s, Chen put forward that "education is the fundamental problem of all construction" and actively wrote an article to promote the comprehensive study of western educational thoughts. 1932, aged 29, associate professor of Lingnan University. He published an article entitled "Discussion on the Policy of University Education" in Modern Youth, a daily newspaper of the Republic of China in Guangzhou, questioning the related motion put forward by Guangzhou education experts at a meeting of Sun Yat-sen University, that is, "stopping liberal arts, or reducing the number of vocational schools to meet the needs of social life", and that "university education is learning for learning" and education should be arranged in the fields of literature, science, engineering, agriculture and medicine at the same time.

In an article "Reading Six Arrivals" written by Chen in a journal published by 1935 or 1936 for students of Nankai University, he suggested that students should read more when studying. "Heart orientation": think more; "Listen": Listen more; "an eye for an eye": look more; "Easy to get": copy more; "Feet to": Do the actual investigation with your feet. In an article "Interpretation of Modern Life" written by War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Kunming Branch of National Southwest Associated University, he proposed that schools should cultivate professionals who can adapt to modern life, which means "having a strong body" can "revitalize the nation and defend the country", that is, "paying attention to learning in daily life" and gaining "rich experience and superb knowledge" and "having a strong body".

1947 in the second half of the year, in view of Hu Shi's ten-year plan for the development of China University and his talk about academic independence to reporters after he became president of Peking University, Chen successively published "Talking about Education with Mr." and "On Public Opinion? Private theory? ","On the Plan of Academic Development "and other articles point out that the government should not send fewer international students and use the money saved to support five universities, as suggested by Mr. Hu Shi, but should raise funds from other places to support all colleges or departments with good management and high level; International students should also insist on sending, and more international students should be sent to the west. It is also pointed out that the establishment of universities or departments should not be too concentrated in a few areas such as Ping, Tianjin and Shanghai, but should be rationally distributed throughout the country according to conditions and needs. Both public and private schools train talents for the society, so private schools should be encouraged and supported.

After liberation, especially after the adjustment of 1952 department, Chen studied seriously the educational policy of * * * Production Party, worked hard, persisted in progress, applied his expertise in western education to the educational construction of new China, participated in the formulation of educational planning and school work regulations, and made new contributions to the country and was respected by the people. In the 1950s, he pointed out that the separation of science and engineering "does more harm than good", and engineering lacks scientific support, making it difficult to improve its level. The lack of liberal arts support in politics and finance is not conducive to the improvement of the level. I believe that there is nothing wrong with the direction of running a comprehensive university including arts, science, agriculture, engineering and medicine, and it should be adhered to. 1962 made "Some Opinions on Higher Education" at the meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and systematically expounded his educational thoughts. These include: attaching importance to basic theory education; Attach importance to basic theoretical research; We should fully understand the importance of mastering writing tools; It is necessary to broaden the professional foundation and encourage liberal arts students to choose one or two science courses. In addition, students should learn liberal arts knowledge to broaden their horizons, observe and think about problems from different angles and improve their comprehensive quality and level. To ensure that teachers and researchers engage in professional and technical work time; Teachers are allowed to engage in academic research outside the school rules in their spare time.

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Professor Chen is a decent man, and his scholarship is strictly forbidden. He has many excellent styles and noble qualities that future generations should learn from.

Chen sticks to his beliefs and doesn't go with the flow. Before he was sent abroad before liberation, his superiors instructed him to join the Kuomintang, which was flatly rejected. When I was at school, I would rather transfer from a church-run school because I was not rigidly religious. Even when he became the headmaster of a missionary school, he still insisted on refusing to join the church. After liberation, he actively participated in the CPPCC meeting to discuss state affairs, and participated in discussing state affairs in time, and put forward his own opinions in time for leaders' decision-making reference.

Chen pays attention to proceeding from reality and conducting social investigation. After arriving in Nankai from 65438 to 0934, the first task was to plan and preside over the "Social Impact Survey of Industrial Development" and personally take people to investigate in Levin, Hebei and Shunde, Guangdong. When War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, he was still investigating the scene in Shunde, and he and his colleagues left in a hurry until Shunde fell. He went to Europe, America, Southeast Asia, the north and south of the motherland, and wherever he went, he often seized every opportunity to inspect all aspects of society. He has accumulated a lot of first-hand information, which is beneficial to his research in socioculturology, history and pedagogy. Cherish books and be diligent, which are the common characteristics of successful scholars, especially Chen. When I was studying in Germany in my early years, I wrote, "I would rather be poor than sell this book!" " Next to it is a photo taken with my library. When working in Sun Yat-sen University, he was mobilized to give up some thread-bound books. He said, "My book is not for sale!" "He has many part-time jobs and social activities, but no matter how busy he is, he never stops reading and writing from 4 am to 7 am every day. When War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was in Kunming, he wrote more than two million words of cultural monographs between work and teaching, and his colleagues and friends deeply admired his fighting spirit.

Chen has many deeds of caring for and helping others. He said to the professors, "I am the principal who serves your professors." He kept his promise and received visitors patiently; Subsidize teachers, teachers and students who have difficulties until they beg for food for sick girls on the roadside; Seriously mediate housework for colleagues and take care of patients. Some cadres' children suffer from dental diseases, and he also helps to find a doctor for treatment. Such things are too numerous to mention. He has always been strict with himself and his family. A son and four daughters who grew up under his example and instruction have all become national professional and technical talents.

Mr. Chen is modest and self-restrained and consistent. 1964 He has long been a successful scholar, but when someone praised his Ancient History of Southeast Asia, he said modestly, "I am mainly an archivist in the study of ancient history of Southeast Asia. I will sort out the relevant materials first as a reference for others, especially young people. As a documenter, I didn't do it well either. " After the draft of History of Xiongnu was drawn up, the opinions of historians were sought and prepared to be revised. Unfortunately, he died prematurely.

Professor Chen devoted his whole life to the education and cultural undertakings of the motherland, making him a representative of European and American schools and a master celebrity scholar in the study of modern social culture in China.

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