The artistic characteristics of the primary stage: the production process is not mature enough, the porcelain tire is thick, refined and impure, the glaze layer is very thin, the glaze color is bluish yellow, and there is no secret color beauty.
Artistic characteristics of maturity: not only raw materials, molding, glazing and other firing processes need to be reformed; Moreover, for the artistic techniques of modeling and ornamentation, new designs are needed.
The artistic characteristics of the decline period: although the shapes and varieties of utensils have also increased, the production is not detailed enough and rough and sloppy. Because the tire is too thick, the shape is unremarkable. The bottom thickness is more than 1 cm, and the foot decoration is extremely irregular. The ring-shaped cushion cake is used to support burning, and there is no glaze in the foot.
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The Historical Inheritance of Longquan Kiln
Longquan Kiln is located in Longquan County, Zhejiang Province, and is named after the celadon system in southern China. His creation reached its peak in the early Northern Song Dynasty, reached its peak in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, and gradually declined after the middle of Ming Dynasty. The lower limit of Longquan celadon handed down from Qing Dynasty to Kangxi period, the firing history reached 700 to 800 years.
Longquan celadon in Northern Song Dynasty has a thick tire bone, light gray tire soil, reddish ochre kiln at the exposed tire, slightly burnt tire, good vitrification, transparent glaze layer and strong glaze luster. Decorative patterns are simple, such as fish patterns, banana leaves, golden branches and lotus flowers. The decorative style tends to be unrestrained. Longquan celadon, which was in the heyday of the Southern Song Dynasty, formed its own unique artistic style and showed its unique charm.
The modeling of Longquan celadon in the Southern Song Dynasty has also formed its own style, which is steady and generous, simple and elegant, rich and diverse, and the decorative patterns are generally carved and piled up, which is quite artistic.
Longquan celadon was burned in large quantities in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was quite different from that in the Southern Song Dynasty: its shape was tall and its carcass was heavy; The tire color is white with gray or yellowish; Glaze toner is blue with yellowish green, with strong luster and translucent glaze layer.
Decorative techniques are varied, such as carving, marking, printing, pasting, plastic and so on. With scribbling as the main method, the pattern is rough and the lines are bold. Yunlong, Huangfei, Pisces, Eight Immortals, Bagua, Peony and Lotus Leaf are the most common decorative patterns. In addition, there are a large number of inscriptions in Chinese and Basiba.
Longquan celadon in Ming Dynasty tends to be light, with a heavy fetal weight, rough production, grayish yellow fetal color, thick glaze layer, high transparency and strong glaze luster. The glaze colors are cyan gray, tea powder, grayish yellow and so on. The decoration is mainly based on underglaze carving, and there are also decorative methods of impressing characters' stories.
Longquan celadon in Song Dynasty is the historical peak of celadon craft. The beauty of the glaze color and texture of its celadon is also like a kind of artificial jade with exquisite workmanship, and the whole world is fascinated by it.
Then, in the long history, what kind of development track has Longquan kiln experienced? In his book Celadon of Longquan Kiln, Mr. Zhu summarized the development of Longquan Kiln into four stages: initial stage, development, prosperity and decline: the Wei, Jin, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was the initial stage, with few porcelain kilns, intermittent production and intermittent local sales.
From the Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty, porcelain kilns developed rapidly and gradually formed a large porcelain kiln system. From the late Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, porcelain kilns developed rapidly, the quality of celadon was greatly improved, and the products sold well in domestic and foreign markets. The decline of Ming and Qing dynasties, especially after the middle of Ming dynasty, Longquan kiln was in a difficult situation, and porcelain kiln continued to close down until the end of Qing dynasty.
If these four stages outline the whole context of the development history of Longquan kiln, then the three glorious periods in the development history of Longquan kiln are the key points of coherent development.
Baidu encyclopedia-Longquan kiln