1, the first opium war

1840, the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China on the pretext that Lin Zexu and Humen destroyed opium. In June, 47 British ships and 4,000 soldiers, under the leadership of Major General Yi Law and China Commercial Supervision Yi Law, blocked Haikou and the Opium War began.

The Opium War ended in China's failure and reparations. China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in the history of China. China began to plunder land, compensate and negotiate foreign tariffs, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty, became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, lost its independent status and promoted the disintegration of the natural economy.

2. Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China.

1900 On May 28th, the war of armed aggression included eight great powers, including the British Empire, the United States of America, the Third Republic of France, the German Empire, the Russian Empire, the Japanese Empire, the Italian Kingdom and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The total number of United Nations troops invading China is about 50,000. Fully equipped, very powerful. August 1900, Beijing was completely destroyed. Anywhere in Eight-Nation Alliance, murder, arson and robbery! There are countless treasures stolen and robbed in the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and the Summer Palace!

Wade West, commander-in-chief of Eight-Nation Alliance, later admitted that the details of all the losses and robberies suffered by China would never be discovered, but this figure would be extremely important. 190 1 On September 7th, China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which brought unprecedented pain to the country and people at that time.

3. Treaty of Ahern

The Aihui Treaty, also known as the Aihui City Peace Treaty, was an unequal treaty signed by nicola nikolaevich Muraviev, Governor of Eastern Siberia of the Russian Empire, and Yishan, a general of Heilongjiang in the Qing Dynasty, in Aihui (now Aihui District, Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province) on May 28th, 858.

The treaty made China lose about 600,000 square kilometers to the north of Heilongjiang and to the south of the outer Xing 'an Mountains. The territory of China east of the Wusuli River is included in the Sino-Russian * * * tube; Only Chinese and Russian ships are allowed to sail in Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers; At that time, the Qing government refused to ratify the treaty. The Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty was concluded in 1860 and was recognized by the Qing government.

4. Burning Yuanmingyuan

Xianfeng occupied Yuanmingyuan after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing for ten years. China's defenders were outnumbered, and Wenfeng, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, committed suicide by throwing himself into Fuhai. Chang Ai, who lived in the garden, was scared to death. With the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, British leader Elgin ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan.

3,500 British and French troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire didn't go out for three days. Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned into ruins. In Anyou Palace, nearly 300 eunuchs, maids-in-waiting, and craftsmen were buried in the sea of fire. Turn this world-famous garden into ruins. The fire burned for three days and nights and became a rare atrocity in the history of world civilization.

5. treaty of shimonoseki

The treaty of shimonoseki is an unequal treaty signed by the Qing government of China and the Meiji government of Japan in Shimonoseki, Japan (now Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture) on April 1895. It was originally named Shimonoseki New Testament, and Japan called it treaty of shimonoseki or Nissin Peace Treaty. The signing of treaty of shimonoseki marked the end of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.

Treaty of shimonoseki has benefited Japan enormously and stimulated its aggressive ambition. The national crisis in China is unprecedented, and the degree of semi-colonization has greatly deepened. The treaty met the needs of the imperialist powers to export capital to China, and then the powers set off a frenzy to carve up China.

Second, achievements.

1, literary works are extremely rich, and creation is more free.

The changes, achievements and experiences of new China literature are extremely rich and of great significance. Literature has more diverse methods and richer means in reflecting the life of the times; The party and the government have also gained valuable experience in leading literary and artistic undertakings, making "one out of two" and "letting a hundred flowers blossom" the basic principles and methods and sticking to them, and literature is increasingly moving towards benign interaction.

2. The completion of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has become a revolutionary innovation.

According to the Latin American News Agency, a revolutionary innovation in China in 20 18 was the completion of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. This project adhering to the concept of sustainable development has closely linked Hong Kong, Macao and Zhuhai, greatly shortening the travel time between the three places.

One bridge connects three places, and natural hazards become a thoroughfare. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, with a total length of 55 kilometers, took 14 years from design to construction completion. It is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world, integrating bridges, islands and tunnels.

3. From "Sea of Death" to "Land of Hope", China's "Green Mileage" shocked the world.

Kubuqi Desert is located in the north of the ridge line of Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia and on the south bank of the zigzag bend of the Yellow River. Independent Online, a South African news website, once described the Kubuqi Desert before governance: "Kubuqi, the seventh largest desert in China, was once called the' sea of death' because of its harsh environmental conditions and poor economic conditions of local residents."

Now, after decades of scientific governance, this "sea of death" has become a "land of hope". Kubuqi has become a global model for combating desertification and a window for the world to observe "beautiful China".

Step 4 revive

The English code is CR, and the train level is higher than CRH series. The three grades are CR400/300/200, the number indicates the maximum speed, and the continuous speed corresponds to 350, 250 and 160 respectively. The early two models were Red Dragon CR400AF and golden phoenix CR400BF. Fuxing CR400 series has a top speed of 400 kilometers per hour and a standard speed of 350 kilometers per hour.

Compared with Harmony CRH380, the total energy consumption of Fuxing decreased by 10% at 350km/h.. Fuxing increased its speed from 300 km/h to 350 km/h, and its energy consumption increased by about 20%-30%.

From July, 2065438 1 day, the national railways will implement a new train diagram, and 16 long marshalling "Fuxing" EMU will be put into operation for the first time. On August 1 day, all the EMU trains running on the Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway have been replaced with Fuxing. ?

On February 9, 20 18, 18, the "Fuxing" Chinese standard EMU project won the 5th China Industry Award. On February 24th, 20 18, 17 new EMUs with a speed of 350km/h and 8 concentrated power EMUs with a speed of 250km/h 160km/h made their debut in public.

5. Chang 'e IV detector

It consists of a lander and a patrol, and the patrol is named "Yutu II". As the first spacecraft in the world to make a soft landing and patrol on the back of the moon, its main task is to land on the surface of the moon, continue to explore the information of lunar geology and resources more deeply and comprehensively, and improve the archives of the moon.

2065438+On May 2, 20081,the Chang 'e-4 relay star "Queqiao" was successfully launched, providing relay communication support for Chang 'e-4 lander and lunar rover. 20 18, 18 On February 8th, Chang 'e IV was successfully launched from Long March 3B in xichang satellite launch center.

20 1913 October, 65438+ Chang' e-4 successfully landed in the pre-selected landing area of the Von Kamen crater in the Antarctic-aitken basin on the back of the moon, and the lunar rover "Yutu-2" arrived at the lunar surface and began to patrol and detect. 20 19 65438+ 10/01,the Chang 'e-4 lander and Yutu-2 patrol completed mutual shooting, reaching the established project objectives, marking the complete success of the Chang 'e-4 mission.

On February, 2065438 1 1, Chang 'e-4 lander and Yutu-2 lunar rover entered the second moonlit sleep mode.

Xinhuanet-These achievements of China shine around the world and attract great attention from foreign media!

Baidu Encyclopedia-The First Opium War

Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight-Nation Alliance's War of Aggression against China

Xinhuanet-60 years of achievements of motherland culture