First, the judgment method of sick sentences

(a), the austerity law. Common grammar analysis methods. First, remove all the additional components (attributive, adverbial and complement) in the sentence, streamline the trunk, and check whether there are any language diseases with incomplete components and improper collocation; If there is nothing wrong with the trunk, check the part again to see if there is any problem with the collocation of modifiers and headwords, and if there is any word order problem within modifiers. For example:

Young people in China are responsible for building China into four modern socialist powers in this century.

The backbone of this sentence is "young people have the responsibility to build a strong country." As can be seen from this trunk, the structure of this sentence is incomplete.

Abbreviation is also suitable for checking whether sentence elements match properly. For example:

The old Red Army told us a heroic song. Under the leadership of Chairman Mao, the Red Army climbed the snow-capped mountains and crossed the grassland, went through hardships, overcame various difficulties and bravely advanced.

After the austerity, the whole sentence became "what the old Red Army told us ... a strong song." In this way, we can clearly see that "telling" and "a strong song" are not well matched.

The application of austerity method should pay attention to the following points:

(1) During the contraction, in order to avoid the negative words in negative sentences being contrary to the original intention, the negative words should be kept in the trunk.

(2) When tightening, the basic structure of the original format must be kept unchanged. If the words other than modifiers are cut off, the structure of the original sentence will be destroyed.

(2) analogy method. If you are not sure about the mistakes in a sentence, you can clearly see the mistakes in the language by comparing some simple and easy-to-master sentences according to the original sentence format. For example:

This experience deserves the attention of cultural and educational workers, especially primary and secondary school teachers.

The original sentence is complicated in structure. Firstly, it is reduced to "this deserves their attention", and then sentences are made according to its structure: "this is worth their study" and "this is worth our visit". These three sentences have one more word "de" than everyday language, and the word "de" in the original sentence should be deleted.

(3) Language sense reading method. Mobilize the sense of language, and perceive the faults of the sentence from the perceptual point of view in the reading process, that is, to see if it is awkward according to the customary saying. If it's awkward, analyze and compare it, find out the reason, and modify it. For example:

Despite the extremely unfavorable climatic conditions and geographical environment, the climbers still overcame the national disaster and successfully reached the top.

The first part of this sentence, the sentence "no matter how unfavorable" is obviously out of habit. The correct statements are "unfavorable in any case" and "even if … is very unfavorable".

(4) Logical analysis method. Some grammatical errors are not easy to find fault with, so we have to make rational analysis, that is, logical meaning analysis. Logical meaning analysis should consider whether it is appropriate from the aspects of concept, judgment and reasoning, and whether it is appropriate from the aspects of clause order and relationship between sentences. For example:

There are people in this city who imitate fake and shoddy products by hook or by crook. ...

Anyone who has made outstanding achievements is trained in a difficult environment.

The first sentence "fake and shoddy products" is unreasonable and should be changed to "manufacturing fake and shoddy products" or "fake brand-name products". The second sentence uses the full name of "all ... all" to affirm the judgment, which is somewhat exaggerated. The word "all" should be changed to "most", and then the word "all" should be deleted.

Second, the principle of modifying sick sentences

Grasp the meaning of the sentence, modify it sparingly and skillfully, and try to keep the meaning of the original sentence. Try to correct the whole sentence properly and avoid correcting mistakes with mistakes.

(a), the right medicine, targeted. Simply put, if there is something wrong, just change it; What kind of fault it is, just correct it in the corresponding way. Therefore, we must be clear about the types of various ill sentences and make corrections according to the causes of language diseases.

(2) Try to keep the original meaning of the sentence. Every ill sentence generally contains double meanings, one is the original meaning of the sentence that is not correctly expressed, and the other is the wrong meaning that has been expressed and distorted. When correcting sick sentences, we should try our best to analyze and grasp their original meaning; On the premise of retaining the original intention as much as possible, modify and adjust the wrong places as appropriate. Don't go against your original intention, start a new stove, choose another sentence instead of the original sentence according to your own wishes, or add branches and leaves to carve the sentence. Doing so often deviates from the original intention and fails to correctly correct language diseases.

(3), to be good at using a variety of methods to modify. Almost every ill sentence can be analyzed from the perspectives of grammar, rhetoric and logic. In this way, the same sick sentence can be modified in many different ways. As for which method is more suitable for modification, it depends on the type of the sick sentence itself, the need for expression and the specific context.

We should also note that if it can be modified by adjusting the word order, it should not be added or deleted; Changing one place to solve the problem will never change two places; When modifying a sick sentence, we should pay attention to the conciseness of the sentence meaning and try to keep the sentence pattern or the speaker's object consistent. In short, remember to modify the five-word formula of sick sentences.

Add (incomplete) and delete (redundant)

Change (inappropriate words) to Jane (changes should be brief)

Tone (mismatch or indifference)

Third, analyze the causes of sick sentences.

(1) is a misnomer.

He donated the money he saved to the disaster area.

"Thrift" is an adjective, and you can't take the directional verb "Xia". It should be changed to the verb "save".

And improper use of function words. For example:

Iranian chefs may not be familiar with the usage of our cooking utensils, or they may be nervous. Anyway, the roast mutton is not ready.

The phrase "ba" cannot be placed before the negative word. It should be changed to: the roast mutton is not ready anyway.

(2) Improper collocation.

① Improper collocation of subject and predicate; ② Improper collocation of verbs and objects; ③ Improper collocation of attributive, adverbial and complement with the head; ④ Subject and object can't match in meaning; ⑤ Improper collocation of related words. For example:

Autumn in Beijing is a beautiful season.

"Beijing" is a "season", and the subject and object do not match. Another example is:

Accelerate the scale and speed of the development of higher education.

"Acceleration" can match "speed", but it can't match "scale", which is the improper collocation of verbs and objects.

(3) The composition is incomplete.

① The subject is incomplete. There are two situations: a. the subject is incomplete due to the abuse of prepositions and the format of "prepositions … locative words"; B. secretly changing the topic, resulting in incomplete topics.

② The predicate is incomplete. There are two situations: a. When the subject is finished in one sentence, the predicate starts again before it is finished, resulting in incomplete predicate; B. because of the lack of predicate head, the predicate is incomplete

③ The object is incomplete. Often the attribute before the object is too long, which leads to the incompleteness of the head language.

④ Attributive and adverbial are missing or incomplete. ⑤ Lack of related words. For example:

At present, this group has 1 1 professional companies, 2 research institutes and 3 production plants, and the existing fixed assets are 85 million yuan. The predicate of this sentence "owns" something, which is incomplete. The "Large Enterprise" object should be added. )

(4) Redundancy of composition

① The subject has redundant components; ② Predicates have redundant components; ③ The object has redundant components;

④ Attribute redundancy; ⑤ Adverbials are redundant; ⑥ Complement is redundant. For example:

Editorials of People's Daily appeared in major newspapers.

"Zhu" means "to" Just delete "Zhu" or "Yu". Another example is:

Welcome leaders to our school for guidance.

"Come to our school" means "come", resulting in redundancy. The way to modify it is to leave one and remove the repetition.

Structural disorder

① Improper word order. Several situations: a. the position of attribute and head language is reversed; B. put the attribute in the wrong position of the adverbial; C. put the adverbial in the wrong place of the attribute; D. improper word order of multi-layer attributes; E. improper word order of multi-layer adverbials. For example:

Eunuch is a unique child in the feudal court of our country and a slave of the castrated feudal emperor.

The introduction of eunuchs should first say that they are "slaves" and then say that they are "children". Otherwise, an overview of the "only child" is set, which cannot be explained clearly.

(2) Sentences are mixed. There are two situations: a. The two statements are mixed together; B. background. For example:

Rooms are equipped with closed-circuit television, international and domestic direct dial telephone stereo, room bar, etc.

This sentence is a mixture of two sentence patterns. One is "all rooms are equipped with ... bars, etc." The other is: CCTV ... everything in the room. Delete one of the two sentence patterns to keep the sentence clear.

(3) In complex sentences, secretly changing the subject of clauses leads to confusion. For example:

The words of the old worker deeply touched Xiaoqiu's heart and could not be calm for a long time.

Also, the subject of the first clause of this sentence is "the words of old workers"; The implied subject of the second clause is "Xiaoqiu's heart". Because the sentence is an implied conversion subject, it causes sentence confusion.

(4) the level is not clear. For example:

After Xinhua News Agency issued the news that the artificial total synthetic yeast alanine transfer RNA was successfully completed in Shanghai, readers and scientists attached great importance to it and aroused strong repercussions.

As far as the importance of this news issued by Xinhua News Agency is concerned, people in the scientific community are more important than readers. So let's talk about the reaction of "scientific people" first, and then talk about the dynamics of readers. In addition, the last sentence "causing a strong reaction" belongs to abstract language and should be said first, then concrete.

(6) the meaning is unclear.

① The reference is unknown. For example:

Xinhe Wang Li Hong took part in the race. After fierce competition, he finally won.

It is not clear whether "he" refers to Wang Xin or Li Hong. Another example is:

I stood at the window and looked at the playground. Here is a problem: many students are playing ball games.

The meaning of "here" is unclear and should be changed to "there"

(2) the meaning is confused and unintelligible. For example:

People who have written articles in recent years especially like "this" and "its", two words with classical Chinese color. Of course, you can use "this" and "its", because today we use modern Chinese, and often use "this", "that" and "he" to make the article more fluent. This raises a question: "this" and "its" should be used properly.

Of course, you can say "this" and "it's" in front, but saying "this", "that" and "he" in modern Chinese in the middle makes the article smoother. Finally, the words "this" and "its" should be used properly, so that readers can't understand which is better.

3 ambiguous sentences. For example:

Please buy me two round-trip tickets from Beijing to Xi.

There are two interpretations of this sentence: first, two tickets * * *. Second, go, two; Two return tickets, please. Another example is:

This factory overfulfilled 130% of the annual plan and was praised by the superior.

There are two reasons for this sentence, 30% more than the annual plan; The other is only more than 30% of the annual plan.

(7) illogical.

(1) Strong pull causality. For example:

As today is the last day of garden activities in the park, there are few tourists.

The reason why "fewer tourists" can't be deduced is because of the last day of the garden.

② self-contradictory. For example:

He is one of many surviving victims.

Since he survived, he didn't die, but he was one of the "victims" and made inconsistent mistakes.

③ Misuse of concepts. For example:

Many literary works have been added to the library, such as A Guide to Chinese Knowledge, The Complete Works of Teachers' Chinese, Ci Hai and so on.

Literary works and Chinese textbooks are different concepts. It can be changed to "the library has added a lot of teaching books".

④ inversion of subject and object. For example:

At that time, there were few opportunities for newspapers to contact me.

The sentence should be changed to: "I am in contact with the newspaper", "I" is active and "the newspaper" is passive.

⑤ Improper negation. For example:

No one in the whole school can deny that quality education has brought great changes to the whole campus.

Delete the word "no" before "deny" in this sentence.

6 imbalance before and after, lack of care. For example:

Whether people destroy trees or not is an important condition for trees to survive.

There are two conditions in front of this sentence: "yes or no" Only one condition of "survival" is mentioned later, and the two sides are unbalanced. The word "whether" should be added before "survival".

Remember to correct the wrong sentence: follow the original intention and change less. The specific steps and methods are as follows:

1. Read. Read the original sentence and try to understand what the speaker means. Then find out the cause and determine the symptoms.

The types of sentences are improper useful words, incomplete components, improper collocation, redundant repetition, inverted word order and self-contradiction.

Still not correctly classified.

2. row. Mark the parts that need to be modified on the sick sentence with a pencil, so as to analyze the reasons for the modification.

3. change. Use modify symbols to delete, supplement, change and move. That is, delete redundant and wrong words and make sentences.

Concise. Fill in the missing elements in the sentence to make it complete. Replace related words and use appropriate words. After moving back and forth,

Adjust the position of words to make the word order correct.

2. That's right. Check and read the revised sentence. See if you are fluent and have any new words.

Whether the speaker's original intention is clearly expressed when the disease occurs. If problems are found, they should be corrected. Hope to adopt