Wenshuangge exterior location
In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), in order to strengthen the cultural rule and show off the merits of "prosperous times", Emperor Gaozong Li Hong of the Qing Dynasty issued a letter to collect books from all over the world, and formally established a library in the following year to compile the Sikuquanshu in a unified style with books collected, donated, collected by the imperial palace, Yongle Grand Ceremony and written by the imperial palace. Considering the great significance of the book, Emperor Qianlong also instructed the book to be copied and stored in seven places, namely Wenyuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City in Beijing and Wenyuan Pavilion in Yuanmingyuan, Jinwen Pavilion in Jehol Palace (now chengde mountain resort), Wenshui Pavilion in Shengjing Palace, Wenhui Pavilion in Grand View Hall in Yangzhou, Wenzong Pavilion in Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang and Wen Lan Pavilion in Shengyin Temple in Hangzhou.
In this way, with Sikuquanshu as the link, the seven pavilions around the Great Wall of the North and South of the Qing Empire were connected together. Yuan Wen, Wen Yuan, Jinwen and Wenshui Pavilion are called "North Four Pavilion" or "Inner Court Four Pavilion", while Wen Hui, Wenzong and Wen Lan Pavilion are called "South Three Pavilion" or "South Three Pavilion".
Wenshui Pavilion, located on the West Road, belongs to the later building of Shengjing Palace. Built in the forty-sixth year of Qianlong (178 1), the other six libraries are basically the same, all modeled after Tianyi Pavilion of Ningbo Fanshi Library. The pavilion is located on the west road of the Forbidden City in Shenyang, with two floors, black glazed tiles, green edging, hard mountain style, five rooms wide, six stairs on the west side and three rooms deep. There are eaves galleries in front of and behind your floor, and Soviet-style color paintings such as "hippo negative" and "calligraphy scroll" are painted on your forehead. The blue-green tone on the screen matches the green of the inner and outer colonnade columns, giving people a refreshing and elegant feeling; There are two gable doors on both sides of the front eaves, with green glazed hanging door covers on the doors and four steps under the doors.
Wensuige indoor
The appearance of Wenshui Pavilion is a two-story building. It's actually a three-story building. There is also a cloister-like pattern on the east, north and west sides between the upper and lower floors in the pavilion, commonly known as the "fairy building". Its north side is about two meters wide, and each side occupies a space, so that the three rooms in the middle of the pavilion form a two-story open hall. In addition, in the lower floor of the exhibition hall, near the north, an aisle nearly two meters wide is divided by fans, forming a changeable layout with high and low levels. Indoor and outdoor design embodies the exquisiteness, novelty and scientific practicality of Jiangnan architecture. Among these ancient buildings with good ventilation and reasonable layout, the Si Ku Quan Shu, which Emperor Qianlong devoted himself to, has naturally been well preserved. According to the original intention of Emperor Qianlong, the name Wensui Pavilion accords with the meaning of "tracing back to the roots" in Zhou's poems, and it is the embodiment of his thought of "not forgetting the difficulties of ancestors' entrepreneurship and showing future generations a model of literature".
Royal Collection IV
Sikuquanshu is a large-scale collection compiled by Emperor Qianlong himself, which was completed with the efforts of the whole country at that time. It can be said that it is a "heavenly book" that no one can match. It has 6 144 letters, totaling more than 36,000 volumes. Due to the huge project, more than 4,400 people participated in it. It took ten years from the beginning of compilation to the completion of the first book. After the book was completed, more than 3800 people from all over the country were recruited to take the lead. The manpower and material resources spent by the imperial court in the process of collecting, sorting, compiling, copying, binding and transporting the whole book can no longer be accurately measured by any money figures.
In the spring of the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782), the first Wen Yuan Pavilion Collection and Sikuquanshu were copied and officially entered the Wen Yuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Soon, the second copies of Wen Sui Ge Ji and Si Ku Quan Shu were copied to Shengjing Zun Cang, so that Emperor Qianlong could browse Si Ku Quan Shu in the newly-built Wen Sui Ge when he visited Shengjing Palace for the fourth time.
The Siku Quanshu, which entered the Palace Wensui Pavilion in Shengjing, arrived in Shengjing in five batches: in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782), the first batch of ancient and modern books 1000 and 576 arrived in Shengjing, and officially entered the Tibetan Suige Pavilion; A month later, the second batch of books arrived from Beijing, totaling 149 1 letter; In the first month of the following year (1783), the third batch of 1500 letters arrived; In February, it was delivered to the fourth batch 1500; In March, the fifth batch of 260 letters arrived, with 364 empty book boxes; At the beginning of September of the same year, Beijing sent 20 General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu, 2 Concise Catalogue of Sikuquanshu 12 and Textual Research of Sikuquanshu. So far, 36,000 copies of Wen Sui Ge Ji and Si Ku Quan Shu have all been delivered and placed on the bookshelf of Wen Sui Ge in turn according to the four departments of historical books, books and collections.
According to the architectural structure, the wooden bookshelves of Wenshui Pavilion are placed in three layers, and each bookshelf is marked with "Book of Four Ku Complete Books × First Shelf", which is convenient for readers to find the books they need as soon as possible. There are 20 * * * 960 letters of classic department of Sikuquanshu and 35 letters of catalogue of Sikuquanshu. The middle floor of the pavilion contains the Sikuquanshu and 33 * * * 1,584 letters from the history department. On the top floor of the pavilion, there are 22 letters 1 584 from the "parts" of Sikuquanshu and 28 letters * * * 2,016 from the "total collection" of Sikuquanshu. In addition to Sikuquanshu, Wensui also has 12 * * * 576 ancient and modern books.
Sikuquanshu is an excellent book produced by the imperial court during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Books are beautifully bound, and each volume is equipped with a special nanmu book box, which is both beautiful and expensive, and can protect books well. All the volumes of this book are backed by soft bread, and the cover of each book uses different colors to distinguish different contents. Among them, green silk is used in the classic department, red silk is used in the history department, blue silk is used in the secondary department, gray silk is used in the collection department, and yellow silk is used in the catalogue of Sikuquanshu, the textual research of Sikuquanshu and the collection of ancient and modern books. Tens of thousands of books are marked with different contents on the covers of several colors, which increases the aesthetic feeling of the whole book and makes it easier for people to know the categories of books at a glance, which is convenient for retrieval and reading.
In addition to the exquisite design of book boxes and books, Sikuquanshu is also very elegant in internal binding and layout design. The paper used in the book is white and tough civilization list paper, the page frame is vermilion, and the specific title of each book is engraved in the column of the heart. Each book has an abstract at the head, and the first and second pages of each book have a "text". Although there are tens of thousands of volumes in the book, all the volumes are carefully written in regular script, with delicate and neat brushwork. When I open the cover page, I can only see the black words in the red box on the white rice paper. Opening it is beneficial and enjoyable. The shortcomings of the whole book are that some volumes were scribbled in a hurry, and because of their complexity, they were revised from time to time, and they were not fully revised and supplemented in the late Qing Dynasty.
Wensuige threshold
In the forty-eighth year of Qianlong (1783), in mid-September, after paying homage to the three ancestral graves of Yongling, Fuling and Zhaoling in JD.COM, Emperor Li Hong of the Qing Dynasty went to Shengjing Palace, where he stayed for five days and presided over a series of sacrifices and celebrations. On September 20th, Emperor Qianlong, who was over 70 years old, accompanied by eleven emperors, fifteen emperors, seventeen emperors and cabinet university students, came to the newly-built Wensui Pavilion with the painstaking efforts of countless people, which drew a perfect full stop for the cultural undertakings of the Qing Empire.
19 15 At the beginning of this year, important cultural relics such as The Complete Book of Four Kus and The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books collected by Wenshuige of the Forbidden City in Fengtian (Shenyang) were transferred to Beiping (Beijing) by the Beiyang government, exhibited in the Antiquities Exhibition Center outside the Forbidden City in Beijing, and kept in the Baohe Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing.
1925, Feng Guangmin, president of Fengtian (now Liaoning) Provincial Education Association, and others went to Beiping to attend the "Clean Room Meeting". When visiting the Antiquities Exhibition Hall, they saw part of Wensui Pavilion's Four Ku Quanshu in Baohe Hall. At that time, the warlord of Bong clique won the second direct Bong clique war, and the political situation in Peiping was under the control of Bong clique. Feng Guangmin and others first went to Tianjin to ask Zhang Xueliang and Yang Yuting for help, and then went back to Peiping to visit relevant people for support, which was finally passed by the cabinet meeting.
In August of that year, Feng Guangmin and others invited more than 30 people, including Feng Tian, who traveled to Beijing, and spent eight days collecting and packaging this book. On August 7th, 36,000 copies of Sikuquanshu and 5,000 ancient and modern books were all shipped back to Shenyang and temporarily stored in the Confucian Temple affiliated to the Provincial Education Association. At that time, it was regarded as a major event in the cultural circles of the three northeastern provinces, and the provincial education association also set up a private school called Wensui Pavilion. June-September 1926 The provincial government allocated special funds to renovate the buildings inside and outside Wenshui Pavilion.
At the beginning of 1927, The Complete Book, which had been wandering in other places for more than ten years, finally returned to Zhao's side intact, and returned to Wenshui Pavilion, realizing the beautiful dream of "the integration of bookshops". 193 1 In June, the Provincial Education Association specially engraved the brick tablet of the Story of Four Treasures of Wensui Pavilion on the east wall outside Wensui Pavilion to commemorate the return of this treasure.
1935 During the Puppet Period, the Puppet National Fengtian Library built two stacks in the southwest of Wensui Library on the grounds that Wensui Library was in disrepair for a long time and protected its books. The building is of reinforced concrete structure, doors and windows are covered with iron sheets, and steel combined bookshelves are placed in the library. 1937 In the summer, the original Siku Quanshu Ancient and Modern Books Integration of Wensui Pavilion will all be moved into the new library.
1June, 948, the government of the Republic of China transported Wen Si Ku Quan Shu to the Forbidden City in Beijing.
1949 After the liberation of Beiping in April, the people's government of Northeast China shipped the Sikuquanshu back to Shenyang.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Wensui Pavilion and Siku Quanshu were specially protected as national precious cultural relics.
195 1 After the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea broke out, as Shenyang was close to the Korean battlefield, important cultural relics such as Sikuquanshu were transported to Bei 'an, Heilongjiang Province for safekeeping. 1954 After the Korean War ceased, they were transported back to the Forbidden City in Shenyang for safekeeping.
1In August, 965, the diplomatic relations between China and the Soviet Union (Russia) were tense. In view of the need of preparing for war at that time, in order to ensure the safety of Sikuquanshu, the central government and the provincial and municipal governments decided to move it to Gansu Province for temporary storage. From 1966 to 10, Sikuquanshu was transferred to Gansu Provincial Library for collection, and then transported to Yongdeng County Special Library for safekeeping. Since then, Wensui Library's Sikuquanshu has been separated from the original library, which still leaves regrets for the world.