An analysis of attributive clauses that modify the whole sentence
Attributive clauses are used to modify nouns or pronouns, guided by relative pronouns or adverbs, which also play a certain role in clauses. For example:
A person who never gives up (relative pronoun of clause subject)
The house where he used to live.
The bold parts are clauses led by who and where respectively, which are used to modify the nouns the man and the house, and are called attributive clauses. The noun person and house modified by it is called antecedent, and the attributive clause usually follows the antecedent. Another example is:
The boy who visited me is one of my students. The child looking at me is one of my students. (The antecedent is human)
An airplane is a flying machine. An airplane is a flying machine. (Cause and effect)
Do you remember the day when he arrived? Do you remember the day when he arrived? (The antecedent is time)
He lives in a place where no one can find him. He lives where no one can find him. (starts with location)
Extension extension
The use of relative pronouns
The use of relative pronouns depends first on whether the antecedent is a person or a thing. On the one hand, it is used to guide attributive clauses, on the other hand, it acts as a certain component in clauses. Please look at this table first:
(1) Relative pronouns are used as subjects in clauses, such as:
This is the man who wants to see you. This is the man who wants to see you.
The girls who are coming are my students. Those children who are coming are my students.
She is not on the train that has just arrived. She is not on the train that has just arrived.
Note: the personal sum of the predicate verbs in the attributive clause is consistent with the antecedent.
(2) Relative pronouns are used as objects in clauses, such as:
The boy I know studies best in their class. The child I know studies best in their class. Are they the athletes you talked about yesterday? Are they the athletes you talked about yesterday? The story he told is very interesting. The story he told is very interesting.
Note: Relative pronouns can be omitted when they are used as objects in clauses, especially in spoken English.
(3) Relative pronouns play an predicative role in clauses, such as:
She decided to be the writer her mother wanted her to be. She decided to be the writer her mother wanted her to be. This house is no longer what it used to be. That house is no longer what it used to be.
Note: Relative pronouns can be omitted when they are used as predicates in clauses.
(4) Relative pronouns are used as attributives of nouns in clauses, such as:
He is the man whose car was stolen. He is the man whose car was stolen.
The house with big windows looks beautiful. The house with big windows has a beautiful appearance. Note: When referring to things, we usually avoid using whose and which (especially in formal situations).
5] In the following cases, relative pronouns often use that, for example:
① The antecedents include all, any, everything, nothing, more, none, little and other indefinite pronouns tenses. For example:
Nothing he said is true. What he said is not true at all.
Everyone who knows him likes him. Everyone who knows him likes him.
(2) when there are modifiers such as first, last, next, only all all before the antecedent. For example:
The only thing he did was to call the police. The only thing he did was to call the police.
The first person he inspired yesterday was a driver. The first person he mentioned yesterday was the driver.
③ When the antecedent is modified by the superlative adjective. For example:
He is one of the greatest scientists in history. He is one of the greatest scientists in history.
That is the highest mountain he has ever climbed. That is the highest mountain he has ever climbed.
Usage of relative adverbs:
Attributive clauses can also be guided by relative adverbs. Relative adverbs are used as adverbials in attributive clauses. Common adverbs of relation are where (for place), when (for time) and why (for reason). For example:
The house where we lived.
The day we first met.
The reason why he is late.
Here are some examples:
(1) The relative adverb where (= preposition ++which) is used as an adverbial of place in a clause, and its antecedent is usually a noun indicating a place, such as a house, school, city, village and place. . For example:
The building where we are working was built five years ago. The building where we work was built five years ago.
This is the playground where they play football. This is the playground where they play football.
⑵ The relative adverb when (= preposition ++which) is used as an adverbial of time in clauses, and its antecedent is usually a noun indicating time, such as day, year and last night. For example:
I will never forget the day when I won the prize.
Do you remember the year when she went abroad? Do you remember the year when she went abroad?
⑶ why(= for which), a relative adverb, always takes the reason as the antecedent in the clause, and why… means "reason". For example:
Tell me the reason why she is late. Please tell me the reason why she is late.
Give me a good reason why I should help you! Please give me a legitimate reason why I should help you!
(4) When using relative adverbs, we should pay special attention to whether there is a antecedent before it. If there is an antecedent, it is an attributive clause; if there is no antecedent, it is another clause. Please compare:
That's where he was born. That's where he was born. (attributive clause)
That's where he was born. That's his birthplace. (predicative clause)
The attributive clause is
Attributive clause guided by as
In some idioms, as can be used as both a relative pronoun and a relative adverb, which often leads to attributive clauses.
Idiomatic type 1:
This is ... like ... like it. ...
Be the same as ... be the same as ...
I seldom meet such beggars as I met today.
I seldom meet beggars like today.
As is a pronoun and an object in the attributive clause.
Please choose such an apple to put on my bracket.
Please choose the apples that I can put in the basket.
As is the subject in the attributive clause.
I'm not like you.
I'm not like you.
(as is the predicative in a clause)
You can take the car we took.
You can take the same bus with us.
(eg the object in a clause)
Idiom type 2:
Like ...
On this occasion, this is a pronoun, meaning "this kind of person, this kind of thing", and as is a relative pronoun.
He is not as good as you think.
He is not the kind of person you can imagine.
We have many drinks, which you can find in the supermarket.
We learned a lot of drinks that can be found in the supermarket.
Idiom type 3:
As ...
... as ...
As-guided attributive clauses sometimes modify all or part of the main clause like non-restrictive attributive clauses, but their position is flexible, and they can be placed after the modified main clause or before the main clause.
For example:
As you can see, we are all students.
As you can see, we are all students.
As you can see, we are all students.
As you can see, we are all students.
(This is a detailed interpretation, please be familiar with it. )
As you know, we need to hurry.
As we all know, we need to speed up.
As you have proved, he is not very honest.
As you have proved, she is not very honest.
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English homework
Correct mistakes (correct sentences are not changed):
I have a friend who works in a high-tech company.
7. Do you remember the fat man we talked about 10 days ago?
8. Don't worry about the mistakes you may make.
9. That was our day together.
10. Is this the house where you live?
Analyze the English grammatical structure of sentences and translate them into Chinese;
Qatar may face further sanctions from Arab countries because Sunday night is the deadline to accept a series of demands from its Gulf neighbors, including the closure of Al Jazeera. US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson is studying whether a compromise can be reached by telephone, but Qatari leaders have effectively rejected the demands made by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Bahrain three days ago.
English homework reference answer:
I wonder if it's my fault. If so, of course I should apologize to him. If not, whose fault is it? Is it his own fault? Suddenly, I had a good idea-I could talk to him. I don't think he will refuse to talk to me, because I know he is a reasonable man.
I wonder if it's my fault. If it's my fault, of course I should apologize to him. If it's not my fault, whose fault is it? Is it his own fault? Suddenly, I had a good idea that I could talk to him. I thought he wouldn't refuse to talk to me because I knew he was a reasonable man.
attributive clause
That is often used as a relative pronoun and can refer to people or things. What can be used instead of that when referring to things, and what can be used instead when referring to people? However, this method is usually used in the following situations.
When it refers to something.
1. When the antecedents are all, fever, little, much, the one, something, any, everything, nothing, etc. For example:
We will do our best to protect endangered animals and plants.
We will do our best to protect those endangered animals and plants.
I have a lot to tell you.
I have a lot to tell you.
What can I do for you?
Is there anything I can do for you?
2. When the antecedent is modified by qualifiers such as All, Every, No, Some, Any, (a)less, (a) Little, Much, etc. For example:
You can borrow any book you want from our school library.
You can borrow any book you want from our library.
3. When the antecedent is modified by ordinal number or superlative adjective. For example:
This is the most beautiful city I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful city I have ever seen.
4. When the antecedent is modified by only, very, right, last, etc. For example:
This is the factory that they visited last summer vacation.
This happened to be the factory that they visited last year.
This is the only painting of this style we have.
We only have one painting of this style.
5. The antecedent is a coordinate structure, with both characters and things. For example:
He talked happily about the writers he was interested in and his books.
6. The same modifier is in front of the antecedent, indicating that the antecedent is the same thing. For example:
This is the wallet that I lost yesterday.
This is the wallet I lost yesterday.
Note: If it means the same or similar thing as the antecedent, use the same … as … such as:
This is the same as the wallet I lost yesterday.
This wallet is the same as the one I lost yesterday.
7. When the antecedent is a numeral.
(1 1) Look at the books on the shelf. You can see two pieces you bought for my birthday.
Look at those books on the shelf. You can see two books you bought for my birthday.
8. If the attributive clause guided by which contains another attributive clause, in order to avoid repetition, the second attributive clause is that. For example:
They built a factory to produce things that had never been seen before.
They built a factory to produce things they had never seen before.
9. In order to avoid repetition, the attributive clause is a special question with which as the subject. For example.
(13) Which bus do you want to take?
Which bus do you want to take?
10. Relative pronouns are usually omitted when used as predicative in attributive clauses. For example:
My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
1 1. Relative pronouns can often be omitted when they are used as subjects in there be sentence patterns. For example:
This is the fastest train ever.
This is the fastest train ever.
When it refers to someone.
1. When someone is mentioned. For example:
He is a man who never loses.
He is a man who is never at a loss.
2. The main sentence is a special interrogative sentence with the subject of who, so as to avoid repetition. For example:
Who is the man who is talking with our headmaster?
Who is the man talking to our headmaster?
There is the same tense before the antecedent. For example:
This is the man who gave us a report last year.
This is the man who gave us a report last year.
4. When relative pronouns are used as predicative in attributive clauses. For example:
(19) He has changed. He is not what he was 10 years ago.
He has changed. He is not what he was 10 years ago.
In addition, that can also be used as a relative adverb, indicating time, place, reason and way, and can be used to replace attributive clauses guided by when, where and why in spoken English. When the following nouns are used as antecedents, such as day, year, time, moment, reason and place, you can use that as a relative adverb to guide the attributive clause. For example:
I will never forget the day when I joined the League.
I will never forget the day when I joined the League.
Is this the reason why they were late for the meeting?
Is that why they were late for the meeting?
We want to find a place where we can have a picnic.
We want to find a place where we can have a picnic.
This is my first trip abroad.
This is my first trip abroad.
(Note: The antecedent is time. When it is preceded by ordinal number or last, it is often used to guide attributive clauses or ellipsis. )
When the antecedent is way, the attributive clause can be guided by that, and that can often be omitted.
I don't like the way you talk to her.
I don't like the way you talk to her.
Such as attributive clause
Do a question first:
There is a look of fear in his eyes, which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ people have when they are suddenly awakened.
almost
for example
just as
D, even as
Answer b
He showed an expression of fear, just like the expression when people suddenly woke up.
This sentence is a noun, that is, it refers to the expression of fear in front. Next is the attributive clause guided by as to modify the explanation. For example, it means "like this" and "like that", and the usage is the same as "like", often followed by nouns and sentences.
Compare the following sentences:
There, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there.
Poets like Keats and Shelley are rare now.
Do not do anything. (as in the following sentence)
Don't do anything stupid, such as marrying him.
See more examples:
Then I decided to leave, feeling heavier than ever.
I have before.
Then I decided to leave, feeling a feeling I had never felt before.
We had hoped to give you a chance, a chance that no one else had ever had.
We want to give you a chance, a chance that no one else has ever had.
He described everything around me.
What he described is just like what I saw happening around me.
4、ihavenoaspirationsucasyouimputome。
I don't have these desires that you blame me for.
Attributive clauses guided by such +as can also be used as subjects or objects. If this refers to people, it is equivalent to those; Such as the referent, what is equivalent to or what, all/anything, etc.
1, you don't want to work if you have knowledge and skills. (equivalent to those
Knowledge and skills)
People with knowledge and skills don't worry about not having a job.
A temporary change won't win honor in one month. (equivalent to those.
Change it later)
People who change their minds will not gain long-term trust.
Associating with such people will improve your manners. (equivalent to those who will.
Improve your attitude)
Associate with people who can improve your manners.
If I die, my body will be yours after tax. (equivalent to the rest.
After tax)
After I die, I will give you all my property except taxes.
You can choose the one you like. (equivalent to what you need)
You can choose what you want.
I don't have many speeches, but I will send them to you.
Everything I have)
I don't have many specimens, but I want to give them all to you.