Playing cards are a kind of entertainment equipment, and they are hard pieces of paper printed with various words or ideas. There are many kinds of cards in a deck.

The events in the target 14 are triggered by the numerical order of the cards. Playing cards play a very important role in this. Where did the original "playing cards" come from? There is no universally agreed view on the origin of playing cards, and the most powerful theory originated in India, that is, the "Oriental Origin Theory". The prop "Tarot Card" of "Tarot Card Divination" used in India developed and evolved. Spread to the west by gypsies. There are 78 tarot cards (22 in alker and 56 in alker). It is said that alker developed into a card. About 52 playing cards appeared in Italy in the late14th century. At that time, 40 or 48 pieces of 1 were divided into four types: sword (sword flower), holy grail (golden cup flower), coin (golden flower) and stick (stick flower). This is France at the beginning of 65438+5th century, which evolved from the symbol of plum blossom: shovel, heart, diamond and clover. Because this French card was made suitable for games, it quickly spread all over the world. After that, due to different countries, patterns, shapes, number of sheets, names, etc. all have different changes. Japan was introduced in the early edo period.

origin

There are many theories about the origin of poker, among which the most accepted one is that modern poker originated from "Ye Zi Xi" in China. Yezi Opera has a long history in China. By the Qing dynasty, the style and style of play had been basically improved, and there was a saying that it gradually evolved into a horse brand. Therefore, in the history of science and technology in China, Dr. Needham attributed the invention right of the bridge to China people. Le Mai Sha, a French scholar, also said: "The cards originally played by Europeans are the same as those used by China in shape, pattern, size and quantity, or were introduced to Europe by Mongols." Allen Trast, editor-in-chief of bridge column in The New York Times, even said that "China is the hometown of bridge". Yezi Opera spread to the west in the Yuan Dynasty and became Tarot and modern poker, while in China, it gradually became Mahjong and Pai Jiu.

Poker has been born for hundreds of years, and it is still inconclusive. The French believe that poker was invented by the French in 1392. Belgians said that playing cards appeared in Belgium as early as 1379; Italians said that poker was invented by Italians in 1376, and it was found in Egypt, India, North Korea and other countries, while more westerners confirmed that China solitaire (Ye Xixi) was introduced to Europe in 12- 13 century (Southern Song Dynasty). According to this statement, the country that first invented poker should be China.

meaning

The 54 patterns of playing cards are also wonderful to explain: the king represents the sun, Xiao Wang represents the moon, and the remaining 52 cards represent 52 weeks in a year; Heart-shaped, diamond, plum blossom and spades symbolize spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. There are 13 cards in each suit, which means there are 13 weeks in each season. If J, Q and K are regarded as 1 1, 12, 13 points, then the king and Xiao Wang are half points, and the total number of points in a deck of playing cards is exactly 365 points. In leap years, Wang and Wang calculate 1 point and ***366 points respectively. A deck of cards can be divided into red (hearts and diamonds) and black (flowers and spades). It is generally believed that the design and invention of playing cards are inextricably linked with astrology, divination, astronomy and calendar.

J, Q and K in playing cards are abbreviations of attendants, queens and kings in English, and 12 headcards respectively represent a certain figure in history:

Spades K is David, the father of Solomon, the king of Israel in the 10 century BC. He is good at playing the harp and has written many hymns in the Bible, so there are often patterns of the harp on the K of spades.

K of hearts is King Charles I Frank. His name is scharmann, and he is the only one of the four trump cards who doesn't need a king.

King Caesar, the king of the Roman Empire, a famous soldier and politician, is the only silhouette among the trump cards of the Four Kingdoms.

K of clubs is Alexander, the first Macedonian king to conquer the world. He always wears jewels with crosses on his clothes.

Q of spades, Greek wisdom and Sivir pallas Acina are the only queen with weapons among the four queen cards.

Q of hearts is Queen Jules.

Q of diamonds is Queen Raquel.

The name of plum blossom Q is Akini, which comes from the word "Regina". She holds a wild rose in her hand, indicating that the Lancaster royal family symbolized by the red wild rose and the York royal family symbolized by the white wild rose finally reconciled after wars of the roses, and tied the wild roses of both sides together.

J of Spades is Hokkala, the squire of Charles I..

The square J is Lorraine, Charles I's attendant.

J of hearts is Lahaiya, Charles VII's attendant.

J of clubs is Lancelot, a famous knight in King Arthur's story.

A is the first card representing various colors, and only one symbol representing that color is printed on this card. In most card games, including bridge, A is the highest level card; It is also the biggest card in all colors. The British once used spades as a sign of paying taxes.

collect

In Europe and America, the history of collecting poker is very long, and there was a record of collecting poker in15th century. There are many cards in the collection, whether private or public. Quite a few museums regard playing cards as a part of painting art collection. Yale University in the United States has more than 3,000 sets of playing cards, uncut prints and woodcut prints of playing card printers. These collections were originally collected by the late Melbert and Mary Cary and were bequeathed to Yale University when/kloc-0 died in 967. There are two poker collectors associations in the United States, such as the Chicago Poker Collectors Association. Some members collect playing cards, while others collect only the tails of cards. Mr horsman of the United States has collected more than 3,000 kinds of poker from all over the world, and also published an encyclopedia of American poker.

1984, the United States established the Card Museum in Cincinnati, Ohio. This is a gift from American Poker Company to this city art museum. Collected10,000 complete decks and 70,000 incomplete decks. It is said that this is the largest poker collection in the world. In the Morgan Museum in new york, there are some oldest and most valuable playing cards.

The National Library in Paris, France has a collection of playing cards. There are two places to collect playing cards in Britain, one is the British Museum and the other is the Guild Hall. In addition, there are poker collections in Vienna, Nuremberg, Dresden, Munich and Budapest.

The first poker museum in France officially opened on19991February 7 17. This national museum is located in Isil Morinaud, Haute Seine, south of Paris, and its collection is extremely rich. Among the 8500 collections, there are 5000 playing cards, 800 sculptures, paintings and advertisements, and 1000 items related to playing cards. Among them, the most precious collection is a tarot card-"Ferrari racing car". This card is a work of15th century, decorated with gouache. It was bought at a public auction for 750,000 francs six or seven years ago. Other treasures include:/kloc-the best drawing disc made in Paris in the 6th century,/kloc-the typesetting table in the 7th century,/kloc-the luxurious and unique book created in 1967, and two playing cards printed with four sets of ballet costumes made in 1967. The museum combines the palace architectural style of17th century with the modern architectural style. It costs 59 million francs, of which 42% is allocated by the state and the rest is solved by local governments at all levels.

In China, the history of collecting poker is relatively short, but it has a history of several decades. During the Republic of China, some people began to collect poker for generations. Poker collectors in China are mainly concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing and other big cities. In Shanghai, many people have collected thousands of pairs, some have reached more than 10,000 pairs, and some have held poker exhibitions.

play

Poker plays mainly include: fighting landlords, upgrading, stud, 2 1 minute, hoeing and so on. Texas Hold 'em is the most popular in the world. The annual WSOP World Poker Series attracts professional players from all over the world, and China people also have an impressive record in this event.

Many countries have printed representative pictures reflecting their own culture, folk customs and styles on poker. This fancy poker combines knowledge, entertainment and appreciation, covering history, people, scenery, architecture, literature, art, animals and plants, education and so on. It can be called a small encyclopedia, which is deeply loved by poker lovers and collectors. While playing poker, consumers not only increased their knowledge, but also enjoyed the beauty again and again. brief introduction

Different from playing cards, playing cards in China are generally long strips, which are mainly divided into plates and cards. According to legend, China's solitaire has a long history, which originated in the late Tang Dynasty and was invented by a famous mathematician. It was originally called "Ye Zi Xi", and later it gradually evolved into "Ye Ling Ye". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it evolved into "counting money leaves", and at the end of the Ming Dynasty, from complexity to simplicity, it evolved into Qian Wen, Cross, Suozi, Wanzi and other horse-drop cards (commonly known as sparrow cards). At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, people painted Qian Wen as a cake, Suozi as a strip, and Wan as a cross according to the lost cards (the patterns of cakes are all ancient coins), which are still in use today, and Rugao, Taixing and other manufacturers have added them. It can be said that (China) solitaire is the originator of mahjong! In some places, cards are also called small cards.

play

The playing method and algorithm of playing cards are the same as mahjong, and the patterns on the cards also include ten thousand cards, spools and stripes. * * * 120 cards are divided into "Wan", "Strip" and "Cake", plus "Red Hall" (red flower), "Hanako" (white flower) and "Cheat", which are also called "Old Demon" and "Old Tartar". Red flower is equivalent to mahjong, while white flower is equivalent to mahjong. Strange counting marks are not only different from the old cursive code, but also different from Roman numerals and Arabic numerals. Without examining its source, its image is easy to remember and understand, and even illiterate people can see it at a glance and answer it like a stream. At the other end of the card, most of them are ancient figures, and the cards are painted with the main figures in Water Margin, Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Taoism and Buddhism. For example, one to eight pictures are the Eight Immortals in the fairy tale Crossing the Sea. The third, fourth and fifth cakes are Pig Bajie, Tang Priest and the Monkey King in Journey to the West.

The rules of playing cards have been circulating since ancient times. Although there is no explicit provision, the rules are unified. Unlike mahjong, you only "touch" and don't "eat". After playing cards, decide the trend according to your own situation. It is said that there are some differences in Nantong's licensing rules, such as the "double generals" of the Eastern School, the "single generals" of the Rugao School, the "old gnawing" in Wu Yao and the "drifting Hu". At least two people play, most of them are leisure, generally no more than ten people. At first, like mahjong, there were four people. The Zhuang family touches the cards first, 17 cards, and other 16 cards. After that, according to the situation of the cards in hand, the average player will light up "hi" (some people call it "car"), which consists of three cards. Just like the bar in mahjong, you can keep it. However, it depends. If the average player has hi, fish (equivalent to a chicken in mahjong) and nine cards, he can double the score. Piaohu means that he has just touched the cards, no matter whether he is a dealer or not, as long as there are four identical cards, of course, he can touch them first in the silent process, without waiting for the cards to be touched, otherwise it will be delayed. There are generally fifteen happy groups. In the past, there were many happy sayings in Guanli (Shandong and Hebei). Due to the change of time, the different languages in different places and the development of culture, the gameplay has almost been forgotten, more people play mahjong, and the happy combination has become more and more inconsistent. Neither online games nor stand-alone games have the shadow of China card. There is also a saying that playing cards is called drunkenness. Even so, it is difficult to find relevant introductions and explanations on the Internet. It is very likely that the card entered the history museum before it could be read.

Here I will tell you what I know as "happiness":

Honghua+Baihua+liar is called Hongxi, Batiao+Baihua+90,000 is called Jiangxi, Jiutiao+Jiuhe+90,000 is called Jiuxi, Fish+10,000 is called Moxi, Fish+Jiuhe+10,000 is called Huzixi, Honghua+Jiutiao+liar is called Shelf Music, and Honghua+90,000 is called Drum Music.

classify

1. Dice points characterized by dice points and represented by Chuan cards.

The main feature of this kind of cards is that the corner code is the number of points on the surface of two dice to synthesize the pattern and color of a card (the corner code name borrows the name of the playing card). In fact, China cards are basically long and narrow, and their codes are not at the corners, but at the upper and lower ends, until a suitable name is found, and corner codes are temporarily used instead). This kind of card with black yarn as the corner code mainly includes Sichuan card, Han card, Tianjiu card and Shiwuhu card. Its names are roughly Sichuan brand, Shu brand, insulation brand, dragon brand, brand, strip brand, Tianjiu brand, Shiwuhu brand and so on.

Second, local cards featuring the main body, rope and cake.

Here, let's explain the relationship between China card and local card. China brand is a broad sense, referring to various brands popular in China, and its official name should be China traditional competitive brand. Local card is a kind of China card in a narrow sense. Refers to the cards with 10 thousand, rope and cake as the main fancy. China card includes local card, and local card is a kind of China card, just like the relationship between China people and Zhejiang people and Jiangsu people.

Local cards are popular all over the country, so there are more or less pieces of paper in a deck of cards, with names such as cards, traditional cards, entertainment cards, flag cards and so on.

Mahjong tiles belong to a different category in the catalogue of China card sets, but their characteristics and essence should also be classified as local cards.

Third, the plate with Chinese characters as color characteristics.

The characteristic of this kind of cards is that the corner code is a single Chinese character, mainly including sophomore, sophomore and four-color cards. Its names are Running Beard, China People, Solitaire, Sophomore, Four Colors and Chess.

Fourth, other categories.

Rare cards other than the above three categories.

Several Common China Cards

China Poker

A new form of poker is to replace the traditional appearance of China cards with the faces and colors of existing cards. The main colors of the cards are spades, hearts and clubs (equivalent to 10,000, stripes and cakes), with 30 cards in each deck, including:

Spades k (equivalent to "thousand words"), 9-a (from big to small, equivalent to "ten thousand" door),

Red heart K (equivalent to 9 bars), 8-A (from big to small, equivalent to "bar" door),

Clubs K (equivalent to "red flower"), J (equivalent to "white flower") and A-9 (from big to small, equivalent to "cake door").

Generally, it is divided into two pairs of 60 sheets and four pairs 120 sheets. It is easy to learn and remember, and the materials are convenient. It is suitable for the traditional card entertainment in the form of playing cards, which is conducive to the inheritance and development of traditional card entertainment in China. (China Poker Designer: Henan Neihuang Liu Xuezhong)

Wipe "Eight Ding"

"Eight Ding" game, * * * has 60 traditional cards, namely Wan, Stick (Stick), Cake and Liar, Red Wind (Red Flower) and Blind Man (White Flower). Among them, 10,000 pieces, sticks (strips) and cakes * * *, a total of 54 pieces, namely 10,000 pieces, sticks (strips) and cakes from one to nine. Cheaters (10 million), red winds (red flowers) and blind people (white flowers) each have two sixes.

Basic game

Eight Ding is a game in which four people sit and three people play. The bookmaker in the first round was decided by four people drawing lots together. Starting with the banker, the next family and the opposite family fight first, and the banker's last game is to help the family. The Zhuang family played cards first, with 20 cards each. The second family and the last family deduct cards, deducting "10 thousand" is playing cards, and deducting "sticks" and "cakes" is playing cards. The second and last one are called playing cards, and there must be "reward cards" in their hands. The first one (that is, the dealer) is called playing cards or playing cards before unveiling, and all three are called playing cards. The dealer began to play cards, allowing only a single card or even a card. Pairing is not allowed. The next family must play the same number of cards and adopt the method of "hard play". If you have a big card, you have to brag about it. If you don't have a big card, you have to deduct the same number of cards. Whoever plays the biggest card will "catch" a round, and a few cards will be caught. Whoever gets enough "eight grabs" first is the "first win" At this time, if no one continues to call "playing cards", the game will be over; If we continue to call "playing cards", if the "first winner" gets five more catches and * * * gets thirteen catches as "prison food", the game is over; If the remaining family gets enough "eight grabs" as "two wins", the game is over. When the game is over, the dealer of this game will take a bye and become the dealer's helper. His next home is the banker of the new game, and so on. Only three people can play "Eight Ding".

Size of leaflets and cards

10,000 leaflets, from big to small, including: cheating (10 million), 9 to 10,000;

From big to small, door leaflets include: nine-in-one stickers;

Cake door leaflets from big to small include: red wind, blind man, one to nine cakes.

From big to small, this deck includes: "Master (with at least one cheat and nine sticks from Hongfeng)", "Hunjiang (with at least one stick, 90,000 and the cheat)", "skirt (with at least one cake, 30,000 and three sticks)" and "jacket (with at least one cake, 20,000 and two sticks).

The horizontal card system consists of three cards with the same serial code, from big to small, including "Nine" to "Yao". Red wind, liar and blind man can form a horizontal card as "Yao".

The vertical card system consists of three or more cards of the same suit. The "Qian Wen" card refers to the vertical card system of the cake door with one cake.

The "Qian Wen" card is as big as the "Everyone" card; Deck system is larger than horizontal system and vertical system; The horizontal card system is as big as the vertical card system; The large dot horizontal card system is larger than the small dot horizontal card system; "Ten thousand doors" is greater than "strip doors", "strip doors" is greater than "cake doors", and the same door big vertical card system is greater than the same door small vertical card system.

Calculate the winning points

Calculating the winning point is a complicated link in the script of Ba Ding. Get enough "eight draws" as "winning" cards, the dealer wins the cards, and the second and last ones each lose 2 points; The second or last player wins, the dealer loses 2 points, and the next player loses 1 point. Get enough "Thirteen Grabs" as "prison food", and "prison food" will win 1 point; "Horizontal six (Zhang)" wins 1 minute; "Five hands (Zhang)" will win 1 point; "Seven consecutive (Zhang)" wins 1 minute; You have to grab a few pieces and win a few points; "Tiger" has to be caught. No matter whether you win the card or not, you have to win a few points.