Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's "Returning to Xi Ci"
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This article was written by the author in the first year of Emperor Yi of Jin 'an (405) when he said goodbye to Peng and returned to his hometown. It is divided into preface, postscript and word, which is a kind of stylistic name similar to Fu. The preface explains the reasons why I left my job and resigned myself. The word expresses the determination to return to the field, the happy mood and fun after returning to the field. By praising rural life and working life, he expressed his dissatisfaction and denial of the real politics at that time, especially the officialdom life, reflected his noble sentiment of despising fame and fortune, and revealed his negative thoughts of pinning luck and happiness. The full text is fluent in language, harmonious in syllables, true in feelings and lyrical. "Come home to Xi" means "go home", and "come" and "Xi" are auxiliary words.
original text
My family is poor and I am not self-sufficient in farming. Naive surplus room [1], no millet in the bottle [2], raw materials [3], no surgery [4]. My closest relatives and friends advised me to be an officer [5], but I was pregnant [6] and urgently asked for it [7]. There will be things in all directions [8], princes regard love as virtue [9], and uncles regard poverty [10], so they are used in small towns. I dare not go far when the storm is still [1 1]. Peng Ze went home for a hundred miles [12], and the profit of the public field was enough to drink and ask for it. And after a few days, I feel like returning to China as soon as possible [13]. What is this? Qualitative [14], not corrected; Hunger, cold and hunger, though cutting, invade oneself and get sick [15]. Taste comes from personnel [16], and it is all self-interest [17]; So I was disappointed, generous and deeply ashamed of my lifelong ambition. I still hope one yard [18], and when I collect my clothes, I die at night [19]. Sung Hoon's sister lost her virginity in Wuchang [20] and fell in love with Junben [2 1], so she was dismissed. Mid-autumn to winter [22], in the official more than 80 days. Because things are going well, Life is called "Back to Xi". B is four years old in November [23].
Go back to Xi, the countryside will be destroyed by Hu Bugui [24]! Since the heart is the form of service [25], is it very sad? If you realize the past, you can pursue what you know without remonstration [26]. Not far from being lost, I feel that today is not yesterday. The ship is far away [27] and the wind is blowing clothes. Asking for directions, ex-husband, hate dawn.
That's Zhan Yuheng [28], running with joy [29]. Servants are welcome and children are waiting for the door. The three paths are barren [30], and the pine chrysanthemum still exists. Bring children into the room, there will be wine bottles. Lead the pot to make up your own mind and let the court be lenient with you [3 1]. Leaning against the south window to send lofty sentiments [32], judging the knees to be comfortable [33]. Garden Day is fun, even though the door has been closed for a long time. Take care of the old man to rest [34], and go far to correct his head [35]. Clouds come out of holes unintentionally [36], and birds know when they are tired. The scene should enter [37], caressing loneliness and lingering.
Come back, please rest assured that you will never travel again. The world is contrary to me, and I can't ask for more happiness [38]! Please love words from relatives, play music and read books to eliminate worries. Farmers told Yu Yichun that something would happen to Xichou [39]. Or a towel cart [40], or a boat. There are both gentle and graceful [4 1] and rugged hills. Wood is thriving and spring is blooming. When everything is fine [42], I feel that my life journey is over [43].
It's almost [44] How long will you stay in space [45], stay or not [46]? What does Hu Weiwei want [47]? Wealth is not my wish, and the hometown of emperors cannot be expected [48]. When you are pregnant, you can go alone or plant a stick [49]. Deng wrote poems with [50] and Lin. Chat, multiply, and return to the end [5 1]. Ridiculous is a kind of enjoyment!
-Selected from the printed edition of Tao Yuanming Collection by Zhonghua Book Company.
My family is poor and I can't support myself by farming. There are many children at home, and there is often no food in the rice jar, so it is impossible to make a living. My relatives and friends have advised me to go out and be a small official. I have the same idea in my heart, but I have no way. There happened to be a trip to other places, and all county chiefs took the care of talents as their virtue. My uncle recommended me because he thought I was poor, so he appointed me as an official of the town. At this time, the war has not subsided, and I am afraid to go far away. Pengze county was only a hundred miles away from his hometown, and he came down when the grain harvested by the farm was enough to make wine. But after a few days, the idea of missing the countryside and returning home came into being. Why? Because my nature is frank and natural, I will not be forced to be artificial; Being hungry and cold is an urgent matter, but if you go against your heart, it will make people feel very painful. Although I used to be an official, I was driven by life; So I feel annoyed, excited and ashamed of my life wishes. But I still want to wait until after the autumn harvest, so I packed my bags and left overnight. Soon, my sister who married the Cheng family died in Wuchang. She was in a hurry to attend the funeral, so she gave up her official position and left her job. From autumn to August to winter, he was an official for more than 80 days. In order to express my inner feelings about this matter, I named this article "Looking Back". That was 1 1 month of the second year. Go home, the countryside will be deserted. Why don't you go back? Since your mind is driven by your body, why should you be sad alone? I realize that what I did wrong in the past is irreparable, but my understanding of the future is still too late to make up for it. Although I have gone astray, it is not too far. Now I understand that it is right to go back to other places now, but it was wrong to be an official before. The boat floated briskly in the water, and the breeze blew my clothes. Ask the distance in front of pedestrians, only hate the hazy morning sky, not very bright.
As soon as I saw my humble home, I ran away happily The servants at home came to meet them, and the children waited at the door. The path in the yard is deserted, only pine trees and chrysanthemums are still there. Take the children by the hand and enter the room. The wine is ready. Pick up the hip flask and pour it yourself. It's pleasant to look at the trees in the yard. The body relies on the south window to place pride, deeply feeling that a simple room can also make people happy and satisfied. It is interesting to walk in the garden every day. Although the house has a door, it is often closed. Swimming around on crutches, sometimes looking up at the distance. The clouds in the sky naturally floated out from the edge of the mountain peak, and the birds didn't know they were back until they were tired of flying. The sun is slowly setting in the west, and the sun is about to set. I'm still stroking that independent pine tree, and I can't bear to leave.
Go home and let me break off my friendship with the world. Since secularism goes against my feelings, what do I want to pursue when driving? Talking to my relatives makes me feel good, and playing the piano and reading can make me feel good. Farmers told me that it was spring and they were going to farm in the fields in the west. Sometimes I take a covered car, and sometimes I row a boat. Sometimes through the winding deep ravines, and sometimes through the rugged hills. Seeing the trees grow sturdily, the spring water slowly flows down. I really envy the vitality of all things in nature and sigh that life is coming to an end.
Forget it! How long can life between heaven and earth last? Why not let it be with your own thoughts? Why do you fidget all day and want to go somewhere? Prosperity is not my wish, nor can I look forward to the realm of immortals. When the weather is fine, go out for sightseeing alone, or put the crutches aside and do some weeding and seedling raising work. Sometimes I climbed up the hill in the east and screamed loudly, and sometimes I sang poems by the clear water. Let's follow the changes of nature to end this life and hold the idea of a happy life. What is there to doubt?
Rethinking on the model essay of ci teaching
It's a great honor to take part in this Jiaozuo Quality Class Competition. In this competition, the topic I chose was "Looking back on Xi Ci", which is a classic ancient lyric prose and a well-known word, and it really embarrassed me in teaching design. Should this article be written in classical Chinese or as a poem? The qualitative problem of text is related to the design of the whole teaching. It is inevitable to pay attention to basic knowledge in ancient Chinese teaching and to sentiment and students' feelings in poetry teaching. The original design, covering all aspects, focused on content and feelings, combed classical Chinese knowledge in the process of understanding the content, and the result ended in failure. Scattered and tasteless, the focus is not prominent, this is the first impression left on the teacher. Therefore, under the guidance and suggestions of Mr. Zhao Baozhen, Mr. Wang and other colleagues in the Chinese language group, the teaching ideas have changed greatly, and it is decided to deal with words in the form of classroom tests. According to the clue of the text "the reason, feeling and understanding of going back", the teaching focus is boldly chosen, and the "feeling" is left behind. After three revisions and five lectures, on the afternoon of May 9, I took to the podium of the city's quality class.
However, classroom teaching is an art of regret. When you walk off the platform, it is the beginning of regret. Regret that the text mining is too shallow, regret that there is too little reading in class, regret that the distance between students is too far, regret that they are not confident enough ... Concealed meditation, reflection is as follows:
First, the text mining shallow
From the moment I drew the title, I was at a loss. During the week of preparing lessons, Mr. Zhao reminded me many times that "to learn the text, you must first have your own understanding of the article, and then clear your mind and design teaching." But looking back, what I did was not in place. The total denial of the first trial, the lack of input in the second trial, and the casual classroom language of the third trial … failed again and again, which made me lose proper limit. This makes me, who is not good at saying ancient poetry, feel that ancient poetry is unfathomable and difficult to control. Therefore, it seems that putting the cart before the horse has changed a lot, and the language has been carefully honed and reflected. Because after the first-instance lecture was overturned, I paid more attention to the consideration of teaching links and teaching language, ignoring the excavation of the text. Therefore, it is difficult to guide students to understand the author's emotional treatment of Feelings of Returning through situational language.
Second, read less books in class.
Since poetry is the guidance in teaching design, reading perception should be the center. As the saying goes, "When a book is read a hundred times, its meaning is self-evident", so that students can read it fully is the foundation of learning poetry. If you read well, words are not a problem, and emotions are no longer a problem. It is natural for students to appreciate and understand the language of the article through reading, and then explore the reasons, realization and author's feelings of regression. But I didn't pay attention to guiding students to read in the teaching process. Although there is also a reading session, there is too little reading and not enough reading, so it is a bit difficult for students to answer in the "realization of regression" session. This gives people a feeling that "classroom design does not conform to students' cognitive process". In fact, the reason why "the enlightenment of regression" is put after "the reason of regression" in teaching design is because the notes after class are very detailed, so it is not difficult for students to understand the content of the text, and it should be easy to find the answer. Secondly, I want to highlight the key point of "returning to love", so that students can appreciate "love" from pastoral joy to spiritual joy, and then feel "enlightenment", so I adopted the method of "from fruit to Lu Xun".
However, the teaching process is not smooth because students are required to read too little and understand the content insufficiently.
Third, students are far away.
Party teacher's sentence "In the teaching of" Back to Xi Ci ",the teacher never goes near the students, which makes the teacher and the students have no affinity and distance" touched me a lot. In the usual teaching, I feel that I am not a teacher without affinity. Why do I have a distance from the students in the city's high-quality classes? Lose affinity? Reflecting on the reasons, distance is self-confidence caused by nervousness and lack of competition experience. Therefore, students are neglected and communication with students is neglected, which makes the classroom atmosphere not active enough. In addition, the more important reason is that I didn't dig deep into the article and didn't grasp it in place. So I think it is the decisive factor to dig deeply into the text and have your own unique feelings and opinions on the text.
Although there are regrets, I have gained a lot.
After this high-quality class, I realized that a Chinese teacher's good Chinese literacy and profound literary skills are the key to a good class. Digging deeply into the text and having your own unique feelings is the basis of a good class. Being able to skillfully use concise classroom language is the highlight of a good class. Integrating affinity into the classroom can make a class get twice the result with half the effort, so that students can actively acquire knowledge in a relaxed atmosphere instead of being "irrigated".
After this excellent class, I also felt the warmth and strength of the group. I thank Mr. Zhao Baozhen and Mr. Wang for their guidance and suggestions on the whole teaching design, for their persistent listening and evaluation, and for their tempering of my teaching language. Thank you, Mr. Zhang and Mr. Jiao Dandan, for working overtime and taking pains to revise the tutoring plan and courseware. Thank you for your courage and help when I went to see the students on the afternoon of the 8th. Thank you for your encouragement from all the teachers in China! It can be said that my achievement is the result of the cooperation of Qi Xin, a Chinese language group.
The quality class is over, but my growth has just begun. Achievement is only temporary, success is only one thing, and growth is lifelong. In my future work, I will continue to work hard and strive for my growth in Chinese teaching!