The construction of Sanhaizi Country Park is an important measure of Beijing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government to promote regional economic development and realize urban and rural overall planning. As the first major ecological project of Beijing's "South Action" plan, Sanhaizi Country Park in Daxing District covers an area of 1 1800 mu and is one of the four major country parks in Beijing. The park will take ecological construction as the breakthrough point, royal culture as the foundation, and natural leisure as the concept to form a characteristic country park with "wildness, interest, harmony, rhyme and inheritance" as one.
After the completion of Sanhaizi Country Park, it will play an important role in improving the ecological environment, promoting history and culture, shaping the image of the city and promoting economic development. Become a large-scale, characteristic, connotative, landscape, multifunctional and sustainable country park in Cheng Nan; Through the planning and construction of parks, we can realize the strategic conception of urban master planning and promote the all-round development of regional economy, society and culture.
The construction of the park follows the principle of "giving priority to protection, actively managing, strengthening the protection and restoration of natural ecosystems, and maintaining regional ecological functions", and makes full use of the advantages of the original royal gardens, elk reserves, natural wetlands and other resources in Sanhaizi area, fully excavates its cultural connotation, and focuses on the construction of five functional areas, namely wetland landscape, royal culture, elk protection, ecological leisure and farming experience, so as to create a platform for carrying regional traditional culture and modern urban civilization.
Daxing District of Beijing will also speed up the construction of Sanhaizi Country Park, constantly improve the construction of surrounding public service facilities and infrastructure, create a better living environment for residents in surrounding cities, and accelerate the construction of urban-rural integration. Constantly optimize the ecological environment in Cheng Nan and southern areas, enhance the competitiveness of regional development, create favorable conditions for realizing the major layout and adjustment of industrial structure, and create conditions for Daxing New City and Yizhuang New City to undertake industrial transfer and industrial upgrading in the main city, realize mutual promotion and integration, and promote the development of high-end industries.
"Moving mountains to divert water"-restoring ten thousand mu of wetlands and crushing garbage to build mountains
"goodness is like water, and water is the goodness of all things, and there is no dispute." When completed, Sanhaizi Country Park will restore the largest wetland in the south of Beijing, and it will create a "big kidney" for Beijing, which is short of water and dry. Sanhaizi Country Park will take Elk Garden as the core and carry out wetland restoration around it. In the next three years, with Elk Garden as the center, in Sanhaizi area where Yizhuang, Jiugong and Yinghai meet, the wetland/kloc-0.2 million mu will be built and restored, of which the water surface accounts for one fifth. After strict filtration, the reclaimed water from xiaohongmen Sewage Treatment Plant will reproduce the rippling landscape here.
There are also a large number of landfill pits in this area. After a large amount of garbage is dug up in the pit, treated reclaimed water will be introduced, and then aquatic animals such as fish will be stocked in the water, and aquatic plants such as cattail, reed and lotus will be planted in different waters to attract wild animals to live here and form a complete ecological circle.
The Study on Overall Ecological Planning, Green Industry System Development Strategy and Overall Integration Planning of Sanhaizi Country Park, designed by Beijing Urban Planning and Design Institute, Beilin Landscape Planning and Design Institute and School of Architecture of Tsinghua University, highlights the characteristics of ecological conservation, ecological adjustment and ecological service function optimization of Sanhaizi Country Park, and strengthens the ecological restoration and restoration of natural ecosystems, ecological economy and ecological protection, and efficient utilization of ecological local resources. From the aspects of Sanhaizi wetland restoration, garbage harmlessness and resource utilization,
After the restoration of Sanhaizi Wetland, it is like a natural filter. Tap water containing toxic impurities such as domestic sewage and industrial emissions passes through the wetland, and the toxic impurities are removed by precipitation, ensuring the downstream water use is safer.
At the same time, a large area of water in Sanhaizi Wetland will become steam through evaporation, and then it will fall to the surrounding areas in the form of precipitation, which will increase the humidity and rainfall in the nearby areas, which is of great significance to Beijing, which is short of water, and Daxing, which is developed in agriculture.
Daxing is located in Jingnan Plain, Ma Pingchuan. However, Daxing without mountains will soon become history. In the construction of Sanhaizi Country Park, Daxing will use crushed construction waste stones to "build mountains" and turn the former place name "Santaishan" into a real scene.
Dry pits and ponds in Sanhaizi area have been buried by garbage for a long time, with a total amount of 22 million cubic meters, which pollutes the soil and groundwater quality and affects the local atmosphere and water environment. And creating a wetland landscape will also dig up a lot of earth and stone. How to use these construction wastes without causing secondary pollution? The planner decided to use these construction wastes to "build mountains".
Construction waste will be broken and classified according to various specifications. According to different specifications, they are used separately. As a filler, the crushed garbage is basically divided into three grades: the first grade, with a diameter of more than 20 cm, is used for filling mountains; Grade II, with a diameter of 10 cm to 20 cm, used for park subgrade construction; Grade ⅲ, with a diameter less than 10 cm, is used for filling stones in the middle of gardens, green roads and sidewalks.
Domestic garbage will also be used. Due to years of landfill, a large number of domestic garbage, grass residue and so on. Has turned into humus. This project will dig out the garbage and mix it with the soil, which will increase the soil fertility and be beneficial to the growth of planted plants.
According to the plan, before May Day, three scientific and technological "hollow mountains" with heights of 30 meters, 20 meters and 8 meters respectively will stand in Sanhaizi area. This project will arrange 14000 trusses, and more than 3000 trusses have been completed.
These three mountains are "hollow mountains" of science and technology, not only because they turn construction waste into treasure, but also because in the completed mountains, the huge internal space will become exhibition centers, parks and other facilities, and there will be sightseeing elevators.
According to Sun Kang, the chief engineer of the project, the total internal space of the three "hollow mountains" will reach 80,000 square meters. "After the completion of Sanhaizi Country Park, these mountains will undertake the development and utilization functions such as exhibition center and park supporting facilities." In order to facilitate the public to play, the mountain will be loaded with elevators and other facilities, and the "hollow mountain" is complete. "A more detailed utilization plan is still being worked out."
The three science and technology "empty mountains" not only have complete internal facilities, but also adopt a number of environmental protection technologies for heating and cooling. According to reports, the mountain will make full use of shallow geothermal energy. By installing devices such as energy collection and compression pump underground, the heat scattered underground is collected and directly provided to the "hollow mountain" through pipelines. "In winter, this will be used to maintain the internal temperature and provide hot water. Without using other heating methods. " Sun Kang said. In summer, the energy-gathering compression pump will also collect the cold air under the nearby lakes and transport it to the mountains for refrigeration. "After calculation, the energy collected in each season is completely sufficient."
"Three palaces and five seas"-reappearing the royal garden and enriching the cultural connotation.
During the period from Shunzhi to Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, there were many palaces and temples in Sanhaizi area, surrounded by royal gardens and supported by water. Lakes and swamps are as vibrant as mirrors. Nanhaizi's rivers and lakes are divided into north and south factions, which is the product of the change of Yongding River.
It turns out that there are 25 lakes in Nanhaizi, and there are royal gardens in the Ming Dynasty, which are the "Southern Autumn Wind" for the "Ten Scenes of Yanjing". However, after several generations of changes, the wetlands in Nanyuan area have become paddy fields and then abandoned to eliminate weeds. There used to be a saying of "three palaces and five seas", which guided the five great lakes in the park, with rippling blue waves and rich aquatic plants. According to estimates, the five places in Nanyuan, together with several other lakes, have a water surface of 2,573.45 mu. In the 1980s, the upper reaches of Yongding River were cut off, and the lakes and waterways gradually dried up. Once, the Jingnan water system was just a legend and a memory.
The construction of Sanhaizi Country Park will revive the "Five Seas" and reproduce the water system in southern Beijing. "It can also be said that we have concentrated the' five seas' in the Sanhaizi area, so that the water system that once connected the five seas can reappear." Sun Kang said. The first phase of this project will first restore Wuhaizi at the southernmost tip. It is estimated that the restored water surface will be 550 mu, with an average water depth of about 2 to 3 meters, and the green area will reach 1.700 mu. Two Haizi will be built in the second and third phases to connect with each other. In three years, the "five seas" reappeared.
In this project, the pit originally used for landfill is waterproof after excavation, and the reclaimed water produced by xiaohongmen Sewage Treatment Plant is used as the water source. Then plant all kinds of aquatic plants, stock aquatic animals, and gradually restore the wetland landscape and function. "The restored' Five Seas' have some original functions, which are of positive significance to the filtration of water bodies, the improvement of downstream water quality and the replenishment of groundwater." Sun Kang said.
In addition to rebuilding the "Five Seas" water system, Sanhaizi Country Park will also rebuild the "Three Palaces" in this area. In the Qing Dynasty, the new palace, the old palace, the Nangong Palace and the Tuanhe Palace were rebuilt and built in Nanhaizi area, collectively known as the "Nanyuan Four Palaces". These four palaces are set in the corner, with pavilions and pavilions hidden among pine willows, lakes and mountains, just like a picture scroll with beautiful scenery, which became the main residence of the Qing emperor in Nanyuan for hunting and handling government affairs. At the beginning of last century, due to the invasion and destruction of Eight-Nation Alliance and warlords, the former palaces gradually disappeared, and Nanyuan area became increasingly depressed. So far, the Weituanhe Palace in the four palaces has been well preserved. Sanhaizi Country Park will rebuild three royal gardens: New Palace, Old Palace and Nangong.
"Its size and scale, including the specific building itself, have not been tested," said Liu Chunqi, executive deputy director of the Sanhaizi Country Park Construction Management Committee. The builders are collecting historical materials from various places and then re-planning the design according to history. "This reconstruction is not entirely in accordance with the original appearance, but based on the various functions and historical original appearance of country parks."
According to reports, the newly-built "Three Palaces" will undertake various functions such as park operation, management and cultural display. "Efforts should be made to combine service facilities with industrial development, such as doing some cultural exhibitions and developing commercial activities in cultural industries. And give the' three palaces' more functions, not just a place to rest. "
According to local conditions, turning waste into treasure will become an important landscape in the south of the city after the completion of Sanhaizi Country Park. Large and small lakes abound, and waterways are criss-crossing. From the water, to the land, to the mountains, reeds ripple, surrounded by green trees, everywhere is green, and wild animals live freely. By then, the former royal garden "garbage pit" will become a 10,000-acre country park without walls.