The procedure of drawing recognition and drawing review is: be familiar with the function of the proposed project, the plane size of the project, and the elevation size of the project. Check the error-prone parts of the construction drawing and check whether there is any improvement.
First, be familiar with the functions of the proposed project.
After you get the drawings, first understand what the function of this project is, is it a factory building or an office building? Is it a mall or a dormitory? After understanding the function, think of some basic sizes and decorations. For example, the floor of the bathroom is generally made of ceramic tiles, and the floor elevation of the bathroom and balcony buildings is generally a few centimeters lower; The scale of the workshop must meet the needs of production, especially the needs of equipment installation. Finally, read the architectural description and be familiar with the project decoration.
Second, be familiar with and review the plane dimensions of the project
The construction plan of a building project usually has three aspects. The first dimension is the detail dimension, the second dimension is the axis dimension and the third dimension is the total dimension. Check whether the sum of the first dimension is equal to the second dimension, whether the sum of the second dimension is equal to the third dimension, and pay attention to whether the edge axis is the center line of the wall. The drawing habit in Guangdong Province is that the side axis is the outer line of the external wall. Look at the size of the project plan, first understand the construction plan, then understand the construction plan of this floor, and finally understand the construction drawings of water, electricity and air conditioning installation, equipment technology and secondary decoration, and check whether they are consistent. After being familiar with the size of the apartment, check whether it meets the use requirements, such as checking whether the apartment is convenient to use and whether the lighting and ventilation are good. When reading the dimensions of the next floor plan, check whether there is any inconsistency with the upper floor plan.
Three, familiar with, audit project elevation size
Construction drawings of building projects generally include elevation, profile and stair profile, all of which have information about the elevation dimensions of the project; The elevation of this floor is generally marked on the building plan and construction plan; In the beam table, there is generally beam surface elevation; Basic details and other details are generally marked with elevation. Through these construction drawings, we can master the elevation dimensions of the project. Generally, the facade has three dimensions, the first is the detailed dimensions such as the height of windowsill, doors and windows, the second is the height dimension, and the facade is marked, and the third is the total height. The inspection method is the same as the size of each lane on the inspection plane, that is, whether the sum of the first lane sizes is equal to the second lane size and whether the sum of the second lane sizes is equal to the third lane size. Check whether the elevation of each floor in the elevation view is consistent with that in the building plan, and then check whether the elevation of the building is consistent with that of the building. The elevation of each floor in the construction drawing should not be exactly the same as that of the corresponding floor in the construction drawing, because the floor elevation in the construction drawing is the elevation after the project is completed, and the floor elevation in the construction drawing is only the elevation of the structural surface, excluding the height of the decoration surface. The construction drawing elevation of the same floor should be several centimeters higher than the construction drawing. Special attention should be paid to this point, because in some construction drawings, the construction icon is marked high on the corresponding construction drawing paper. If you don't pay attention, you will make mistakes in the construction.
Familiar with the elevation, mainly check whether the elevation of the top of doors and windows is consistent with the elevation of the bottom of the upper beam; Check whether the horizontal dimension and elevation of the stair tread are wrong, and check whether the vertical clearance size under the ladder beam is greater than 2. 1 m, and whether there is a meeting phenomenon; If there is a terrace on the middle floor, check whether the elevation of the terrace is lower than the indoor level; Check whether the floor of the bathroom and bathroom building is a few centimeters lower, if not, check whether there are measures to prevent overflow; Finally, combined with the installation of water, electricity and air conditioning, equipment technology and secondary decoration construction drawings, check whether the building height meets the functional requirements.
Four, check whether there are mistakes in the construction drawing.
Be familiar with the dimensions of construction projects, and then check whether there are any mistakes in the construction drawings. The main inspection contents are as follows:
1, check whether the slope direction of parapet concrete coping is inward.
2, check whether there is a beam under the brick wall.
3, beam on the structural plane, whether all the reinforcement in the beam table.
4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than that of the secondary beam.
5. Beams, slabs and columns are similar in the same span, but there are great differences in reinforcement. If there are any, they need to be re-inspected.
6. When the beam and shear wall are arranged on the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.
7. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel or coincident with the axis, and check whether the width of the beam extends out of the wall or column. If yes, it shall be submitted for design treatment.
8. Check whether the minimum spacing of reinforced beams meets the requirements of construction acceptance specifications. When ribbed threaded steel bars are used in this project, because the workers bend the steel bars when processing them, the diameter of the steel bars should be the original steel bar diameter plus the rib thickness of about 21mm. 9. Check whether there is an awning on the door of the indoor balcony, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door of the construction drawing.
10, when the design requirements and construction acceptance specifications are different. As often mentioned in the list, on the same section, the number of columns that can overlap on each side is less than 4 columns. However, the construction acceptance specification requires that the overlapping area of steel bars in the same section shall not exceed 50%.
1 1. Check whether there is any contradiction between the structural description and the structural plane, details, content and construction description in the beam-column table.
12, the single foundation system is stressed in both directions, and the reinforcement along the short side is generally placed on the reinforcement along the long side. Check whether the reinforcement in the foundation details of the construction drawing is wrongly drawn.
Five, review the original construction drawing for improvement.
This paper mainly puts forward suggestions for improving the original construction drawing from three aspects: it is beneficial to engineering construction, to ensuring building quality and to engineering aesthetics.
1, and put forward suggestions for improving the construction drawing from the perspective of being beneficial to the project construction.
① The adjacent span of continuous frame beam on the structural plane will be larger. When the negative moment reinforcement of the intermediate bearing is anchored separately, the reinforcement at the beam-column joint will be too dense and the concrete will not be compacted easily. It can be suggested to designers that negative reinforcement can be connected as much as possible.
(2) When the negative reinforcement of the bearing is full-length, it will cause the beam surface reinforcement with small span and small beam width to be too dense to pour concrete. It can be suggested that under the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam, the Liang Kuan of each span should be kept consistent as far as possible, and only the height of the beam should be adjusted, so as to facilitate gluten connection and concrete pouring.
(3) When the structural modeling is complex, it is difficult to complete the structural construction of a certain part at one time, how to keep the concrete construction joints is proposed to the designer.
(4) After the elevation of the floor is lowered, if there is a beam in the middle of the floor, and this beam is connected to the room, whether the reinforced bar of the beam is bent or anchored separately at the lowered place, please design and deal with it.
2. Put forward opinions on modifying the construction drawing from the aspects that are beneficial to the quality of the construction project.
(1) When the ceiling plastering and wall plastering are designed as 1: 1: 6 mixed mortar, it can be suggested to change the ceiling plastering to 1: 1: 4 mixed mortar to increase the cohesive force.
(2) When the requirements for waterproof construction of elevator pit, bathroom sink and fire pool are not indicated on the construction drawing, it is suggested to add cement mortar waterproof layer on the outer wall of the pit and the inner wall of the sink to improve the waterproof quality.
3. It is suggested to improve the construction drawing from the perspective of architectural aesthetics.
(1) If the parapet of the terrace is connected with the external window, check whether the height of the parapet is higher than the window sill. If it is, the joint is not beautiful, and it is recommended to design and deal with it.
(2) Check whether the color separation line of the exterior wall facing is connected. If not, it is recommended to converge at the internal corner; When there is no obvious dividing line between the outer wall and the inner wall, ask the designer whether the wall decoration extends to the position of the inner wall and whether the top surface and bottom surface of the protruding part of the outer wall are used as the outer wall decoration.
(3) When the column section size decreases gradually with the rise of the floor, if the column protrudes from the external wall and becomes an elevation decorative line, it is suggested not to reduce the column section of the protruding part to make the width of the line consistent.
(4) When the column is arranged at the corner of the brick wall in the building plane, and the corner of the brick wall is less than 900, if the square column is still used in the structural design, it can be suggested to change the square column into a polygonal column according to the building plane to avoid the column angle protruding from the wall and affecting the use and beauty.
⑤ When there is a frame column protruding 10 ~ 20 cm from the left wall of the elevator hall (foreroom), check whether the right column protrudes by the same size. If not, it is suggested to modify it to symmetry. On the 4th floor, according to the procedures and ideas of "being familiar with the functions of the proposed project, the plane dimensions of the project, the elevation dimensions of the project, checking whether there are any errors in the construction drawing and whether there are any areas that need improvement", the drawing approval work is carried out in a planned and comprehensive way.