Books: The contents of books are comprehensive and systematic, with strong basic theories and mature and reliable arguments.

Periodical: The content is novel and can reflect the latest research results and trends in time.

Dissertation: Master's and doctoral dissertations are academic and original, and the contents are systematic and complete.

Patent: fast publication, novel content, strong technology, strong practicability and strong legal effect.

Basic components:

Although the definitions given by scholars in different countries are slightly different in words, the descriptions of the essential characteristics of publishing activities are very close. Scholars all over the world believe that the connotation of publishing activities includes the following contents:

Publishing is the process of turning existing works into publications; Original works have to go through a process of mass reproduction before they can form a certain carrier form and become publications; Providing these publications to the public in a certain way is also an indispensable part of publishing activities.