According to the characteristics of many undergraduate patients, short hospitalization time and lack of disease knowledge of patients and their families, we should make full use of the popular science bulletin board to write the causes, prevention methods and some problems that patients should pay attention to before and after surgery in a short and clear way. At the same time, combined with the information of popular science propaganda and health care knowledge, an easy-to-understand and illustrated health education manual was made for patients to read and understand the basic knowledge of diseases, so as to adjust themselves.

1.2 Use morning nursing, work forum and timely language education in the process of treatment. In view of the complexity of nursing work and the overload of nursing staff, we should make full use of all opportunities to contact with patients, and carry out targeted publicity and education for patients and their families during morning nursing, ward patrol and admission, such as appendectomy and cholecystectomy, so as to guide patients to turn over and get up under the condition of stable vital signs. Patients with oblique hernia repair should stay in bed after operation and should not get up more, so as not to increase intra-abdominal pressure and lead to recurrence of the disease. The task content is concise and easy to understand. At the same time, in the process of nursing, patients and their families are given specific targeted education, so that patients and their families can easily understand and accept, so as to obtain their active cooperation, which is conducive to the recovery of the body as soon as possible. After work, we will hold regular seminars to organize patients and their families to learn relevant health knowledge together, solicit their opinions and demands, dispel their concerns, help people maintain good living and hygiene habits, choose a reasonable diet, prevent the occurrence of disease complications and promote rehabilitation.

2 experience

2. 1 improved the relationship between nurses and patients, and improved the affinity between nurses and patients. In the process of health education for patients, nurses gave sincere and meticulous guidance, which enabled patients to master rich health knowledge during hospitalization, thus enhancing their trust in nurses, actively participating in health maintenance, actively cooperating with nurses, and harmonizing the relationship between nurses and patients.

2.2 Promote nurses to continue to receive continuing education and study, and strive to improve their own quality. Nurses need to have good quality when they carry out popular science propaganda and health education for patients. It is necessary to have rich clinical medical knowledge and skilled business technology, and at the same time, it is necessary to have knowledge of marginal disciplines and be persuasive. Because easy-to-understand knowledge makes patients easy to understand and remember, rich and substantial knowledge makes patients feel admired, and fresh and vivid knowledge has a strong appeal to patients, giving nurses a sense of urgency, and they must constantly study hard, update their knowledge and enrich themselves.

3 problems that should be paid attention to in education

3. 1 The contents of the popular science bulletin board should be changed frequently, the publicity should be targeted, the content should be concise and clear, and the explanation should be easy to understand, fresh and vivid.

3.2 Nurses should establish modern nursing concept, define the concept of health education, understand the importance of health education, constantly update and enrich their self-knowledge, make popular science propaganda materials more practical and scientific, improve the ability and skills of health education and implement health education.

3.3 The timing of health education should be properly grasped, and attention should be paid to different people, step by step, and gradually get to the point. At the same time, pay attention to observe the emotional changes of patients, guide them to carry out corresponding health education according to the situation, and fully improve the educational effect.

2. Health education of surgical admission nursing.

Topic 1: Health knowledge education of gastroduodenal ulcer-preoperative preparation and postoperative care: 1. Diet adjustment, few but fine, choose foods with high nutritional value, such as milk, eggs, fish and so on.

Supplemented by fruits containing vitamins, eat less and eat more meals, and the staple food is mainly soft rice and noodles. 2. Use the bedpan on the preoperative exercise bed for defecation after operation.

Practice deep breathing and coughing skills. 3. Clean the intestine one day before operation, and guide the swallowing action when placing the gastric tube in the morning.

Postoperative care: 1. It is normal for the body temperature to be below 38 or 5 degrees three days after operation. It is absorbed by surgery and does not need treatment. 2. Keep the drainage tube unobstructed, don't squeeze it, and be careful not to pull the drainage tube to prevent it from falling off when you turn over and get out of bed.

Give oral care to patients with gastric tube inserted twice a day. 3. Drink a small amount of water on the day of extubation, 4-5 tablespoons each time, 1-2 hours 1 time.

Fasting milk, food with high sugar content, so as not to cause abdominal distension, should eat less and more, and fast hard, oil, fried, strong tea, pepper and other * * * foods. 4. Get out of bed early: sit up on the first day after operation and move joints and muscles on the bed. If there are no contraindications, start to help the bed the next day to promote intestinal peristalsis and prevent intestinal adhesion.

5. Exercise properly, don't lift more than 10 kg within six weeks, and keep a good mood. Topic 2: Health knowledge education of cholecystitis and gallstones-etiology, preoperative and postoperative guidance and discharge etiology: biliary tract infection-caused by bile retention and invasion of bacteria or parasites.

The formation of gallstones is mainly related to the increase of cholesterol metabolism, bile retention, biliary parasites and biliary tract infection. Clinical manifestations: cholecystitis-paroxysmal pain in the right upper abdomen, which often occurs after greasy diet or full meal. The pain can radiate to the right shoulder, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and fever.

Cholelithiasis-abdominal pain, paroxysmal colic and tenderness in the right upper abdomen and under xiphoid process. Chills, high fever, jaundice.

Treatment: Surgery is mainly surgical treatment. Preoperative guidance: 1. The diet should be light and easy to digest, avoid fatty foods such as fat meat, frying and frying, and supplement vitamins B, C, K C and K. ..

2. Jaundice with itchy skin should be scrubbed with drugs or warm water as instructed to relieve symptoms. Don't scratch with your hands to prevent infection. Don't smoke before operation to reduce the chance of lung infection.

4. Special inspection. 5, preoperative day *** 1 time, gastric tube, catheter inserted in the morning.

Postoperative guidance: 1. Blood pressure is stable 6 hours after operation, and taking a semi-recumbent position is beneficial to drainage. 2. Try to get out of bed the next day after operation to promote intestinal peristalsis and prevent intestinal adhesion.

3. Keep the drainage tube unobstructed, do not fold the drainage tube, and be careful not to pull it when turning over or getting out of bed to avoid falling off. 4. Diet: After pulling out the gastric tube, you can eat a diet with high protein, high cellulose and low fat and foods containing vitamins B and K.

5.t tube care: keep the drainage tube unobstructed, and don't fold, squeeze or fall off to avoid biliary peritonitis. Generally, the tube is clamped for about 2 weeks, and extubation can be considered after 48-72 hours without discomfort. It is feasible to perform biliary manometry or T-tube radiography before extubation. Discharge guidance: 1. Keep a good mood and restore the bile secretion function of gallbladder through proper physical exercise.

2. Because of cholecystectomy, bile will not be stored in the gallbladder, and the digestion and absorption of fatty foods will be affected. Therefore, we should eat a high-protein and low-fat diet, do not eat fat and fried foods, eat more fruits, and avoid overeating. 3. If diarrhea occurs, send a thin paste stool test 2-3 times a day. If there are no red blood cells and white blood cells in normal stool, it may be the reason why eating a small amount of fatty food can't be absorbed well.

4. If you leave the hospital with a T-tube, there may be stones left in the bile duct. After the operation, you will go to the outpatient operating room according to the doctor's advice and take them out through the T-tube to avoid suffering from the operation again. If the wound is red, swollen, painful or has a high fever, please come back for a follow-up visit. If there are no special circumstances, the clinic will check it after one month.

6. After the wound is taken out for 24 hours, you can take a bath without covering the gauze. Topic 3: breast cancer health knowledge education (reposted)-preoperative guidance and postoperative functional exercise 1. Etiology: It is related to estrogen changes and endocrine disorders.

2. Symptoms: * * painless mass. 3. Treatment: (1) Surgical treatment.

(2) radiotherapy. (3) hormone therapy.

(4) chemotherapy. 4. Preoperative guidance: (1) Stay happy.

(2) Eat a nutritious diet with high protein, high calories and high vitamins to improve the body's resistance. (3) Breast cancer patients during pregnancy and lactation should immediately terminate pregnancy and weaning.

(4) Skin preparation in surgical field: Pay special attention to the cleanliness of areola. If skin grafting is needed, the skin of the donor site should be prepared. If there is skin ulcer, change the dressing twice three days before operation 1 day, and wipe the skin around the ulcer with alcohol for disinfection. 5. Postoperative functional exercise: In order to reduce the influence of scar contraction on the function of the affected limb, you can do wrist bending with fists, elbow bending for 3-4 days, shoulder exercise for 5 days, shoulder exercise for 7 days and affected limb exercise for 9- 12 days after operation. At first,

Topic 4: Perioperative health education for patients with gastric cancer. Educational content 1. Implement protective medical measures and provide psychological counseling to patients' families. They should cooperate with the implementation of protective medical measures, but they should explain their illness and obtain cooperation. According to the different conditions of patients, we should actively give psychological counseling and explain relevant medical knowledge to patients patiently, meticulously and easily.

2. Preoperative guidance (1). Dietary guidance: When patients with gastric cancer generally have symptoms, it is already in the middle and late stage, and the body consumes a lot, which often leads to malnutrition symptoms. Should eat more nutritious, digestible, non-* * less slag diet, eat less meals.

Those with severe obstruction should fast and be supplemented with high-energy nutrition or elemental diet intravenously according to the doctor's advice. (2) Gastrointestinal preparation: fully explain the importance of gastrointestinal preparation to patients, and ask patients to eat liquid diet, such as lean broth, milk, vegetable soup, etc. The day before the operation.

Clean and fast at night before operation. On the morning of the operation, the gastric contents were pumped out by indwelling gastric tube, and patients with pyloric obstruction were given 300~500 ml warm saline every night for three days before operation, so as to facilitate the smooth operation. (3) Preoperative education: Practice urination in bed one week before operation to avoid urinary tract infection caused by indwelling catheter for a long time after operation.

Teach patients three days before operation.

3. What are the common diseases in general surgery?

General surgery is a clinical discipline that mainly treats liver, biliary tract, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, anorectal diseases, vascular diseases, thyroid and tumors and injuries, and it is the largest specialty in the surgical system.

Generally speaking, general surgery includes the following diseases:

First, neck diseases, such as neck injuries and thyroid diseases.

The second is breast diseases, such as breast cancer.

Third, peripheral vascular diseases, such as varicose veins of lower limbs.

Fourth, abdominal wall diseases, such as inguinal hernia.

Five, abdominal emergency, such as trauma, peritonitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc.

Six, gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastric perforation, appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, gastric cancer, colon cancer and so on.

Anorectal diseases, such as hemorrhoids, anal fistula and rectal cancer.

Eight, hepatobiliary pancreatic spleen diseases, such as liver cancer, cholecystitis, gallstones, pancreatitis, portal hypertension, splenomegaly, etc.

Nine, others, such as congenital abdominal diseases in children, retroperitoneal tumors, etc.

Nursing routine includes

1, general nursing routine

2, preoperative nursing routine

3, postoperative nursing routine

4, anesthesia nursing routine

5, preoperative skin preparation

6, shock nursing routine

7. Special care for special diseases.

Because there are many nursing contents, you can go to see Surgical Nursing Author: Wang Yue, editor-in-chief ISBN:10 [7302137285]13 [9787302137283] Publishing House: Tsinghua University Publishing House. The specific questions are really hard to answer. It is a discipline and a nursing specialty. You can look for it in the medical bookstore library. This is a textbook.

As for health guidance, here are

First, entrance education.

1. educational goal: adapt to the ward environment as soon as possible and establish good medical compliance behavior.

2. Education content: (1) Ward environment; (2) Relevant personnel of this department; (3) dining regulations; (4) placing personal belongings; (5) Visiting and accompanying system; (6) Ward safety; (7) rest time; (8) Grade nursing requirements; (9) Vacation cancellation system; (10) others.

3. Education mode: (1) explain or guide patients and their families to read admission instructions; (2) point out the indoor facilities in the ward; (3) Explain the necessity of establishing medical compliance behavior.

4. Effect evaluation: (1) Retell relevant regulations of People's Hospital; (2) Willing to abide by hospital rules and regulations. Second, preoperative education

1. educational goal: to improve the adaptability of patients to surgery and reduce preoperative anxiety.

2. Needs assessment: (1) The patient's learning desire and learning ability; (2) The patients' psychological reaction and endurance to the operation; (3) Lack of understanding of patients.

3. Education content: (1) Help patients understand the knowledge of surgery and anesthesia; (2) Preoperative preparation items, significance and coordination points.

4. Behavior training: (1) Respiratory function training; (2) effective expectoration; (3) Body language training; (4) Diarrhea in bed; (5) limb function training; (6) training; (7) Rehabilitation exercise; (8) Smoking cessation training.

5. Education method: (1) explain or guide reading special education manuals; (2) Demonstration of behavior training methods; (3) Recommend relevant study materials; (4) broadcast special film and television videos; (5) the patient's statement; (6) Special lectures.

6. Effect evaluation: (1) The main points of preoperative preparation knowledge can be correctly repeated; (2) Correctly demonstrate behavior training skills; (3) Emotion is stable, and anxiety is reduced or eliminated.

Third, postoperative education.

1. educational goal: to help patients improve their postoperative cooperation ability and reduce complications.

2. Needs assessment: (1) The patients' mastery of preoperative behavior training; (2) Psychological preparation of patients for surgical stress reaction; (3) The postoperative cooperation ability and level of patients.

3. Education content: (1) tell patients about the environment; (2) Precautions for oxygen inhalation; (3) the significance of various life channels; (4) methods of expressing pain; (5) the significance of various lying positions; (6) diet; (7) Rehabilitation exercise; (8) self-care ability training; (9) obey the doctor.

4. Education mode: (1) explain the related knowledge of postoperative cooperation; (2) Demonstration of behavior training methods; (3) Recommend relevant study materials; (4) The patient appeared.

5. Effect evaluation: (1) Clarify the significance of various nursing measures; (2) Actively participate in nursing to prevent complications.

Fourth, discharge education.

1. educational goal: to help patients improve their self-care ability and promote functional recovery.

2. Educational content: (1) activities, rest and sleep; (2) correct medication; (3) wound protection; (4) a balanced diet; (5) knowledge of self-care and rehabilitation; (6) functional exercise; (7) Follow-up and regular review.

3. Educational methods: (1) Reading the Handbook of Special Education; (2) demonstrate self-care ability; (3) Establish consultation contact after discharge.

4. Effect evaluation: (1) Retell the matters needing attention in home care after discharge; (2) Master the methods of self-care and functional exercise.

Different hospitals have different ways, but they are all the same. The above is very specific.

Good luck with your work.

4. General surgery is in urgent need of nursing publicity.

The innovative new model language of general surgery nursing is a communication tool widely used by people in social life. It is like a mirror, reflecting a person's thoughts, sentiments, morality, culture, cultivation and other conditions. In the hospital, it also reflects the mental outlook and moral standards of a department and a team.

The nursing team of general surgery in our hospital pays special attention to the application of linguistics in nursing work while carrying out routine nursing for patients, and regards it as an important index of nurse assessment. Through the long-term exploration of all nurses in our department, a set of language nursing skills with general surgical characteristics has been formed.

When a nurse communicates with patients, if she can adopt a variety of appropriate communication methods according to the situation, the effectiveness of her communication with customers will be significantly increased. That is to say, when communicating, she should distinguish customers, pay attention to the occasion and time of communication, fully understand the psychological state of patients, and pay attention to the tone and feelings of speech to adapt to patients of different ages and levels. Communication can combine verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Through communication, we can understand the psychological state of patients and establish a relationship of mutual trust with patients, which is conducive to the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients.

With good communication skills and interpersonal relationships, I won the first step for my nursing work. Through talking with patients, many psychological and social problems that lead to their illness will be exposed one by one. We can give appropriate psychological care to these problems, make them feel calm and peaceful, temporarily forget the troubles and pressures brought by family, society and economy, and make patients devote themselves to the rehabilitation process. If the old man can't eat by himself because of his self-care ability, the nurse should help him eat.

Because a child can't walk, he can't see the scenery outside the window. The nurse should try to help him realize his wish. A female patient lost confidence in life and felt that she could not get the love of others and the care of her relatives and friends. At this time, the nurse should play a diversified role, not only as her treatment caregiver, but also as her relatives and friends to take the initiative to get close and talk, take proper care and improve her self-confidence. While doing psychological care for patients, we should also warn family members, children, relatives and friends to cooperate and support, not to give patients too much stimulation, so that they can establish confidence in overcoming the disease.

Practice has proved that language is an important means of psychotherapy and psychological nursing and plays an irreplaceable role in patient care. Nurses should learn to integrate all kinds of knowledge they have learned with the treatment of diseases, instill them into patients bit by bit, and finally realize the early recovery of patients.

Methods and Experience of Nursing Health Education in General Surgery Health education is an important content of holistic nursing, and it is also one of the most successful links in holistic nursing practice [1], which promotes the transformation of medical and health services from concept to working mode, and embodies three advantages, namely, it is beneficial to patients, hospitals, nursing specialty construction and discipline development. 1 purpose of health education: general surgical nursing implements humanized service and "five-star" service.

According to the statistics of relevant experts, more than 60% of medical disputes are caused by poor communication between doctors and patients [2]. The general surgery department of our hospital vigorously promotes the humanized service of "one center, three services, five ones and three hearts".

One center, that is, all patients' health is the center, and there are three services, that is, smile service, problem service, welcome service, five one-on-one greetings, a warm smile, a neat bed, a polite and concise hospital introduction, a cup of clean boiled water and three hearts, that is, they are full of responsibility for the treatment and care of patients, treat patients as sincerely as friends, and be patient in various explanations, so that nurses can gradually change their service concept and service model. 2 methods of health education 2. 1 health education is a process of helping individuals and groups to master health care knowledge, establish health concepts and voluntarily adopt educational activities conducive to healthy behaviors and lifestyles through belief dissemination and behavioral intervention [3].

2.2 Maintain the consistency of medical health education and avoid medical disputes. The obligation of hospital health education is shared by doctors and nurses. In the process of health education, there is a lot of knowledge about pathological and physiological changes and prognosis of diseases, self-care methods and so on. If the nurse lacks professional knowledge and communication with doctors is not enough, there may be improper or even misinterpreted explanations by nurses, or disagreement or even conflict with the competent doctors, which will not only reduce patients' trust in nurses, but also lead to medical disputes.

If the child has a muscle hematoma after intramuscular injection, the nurse tells his family to apply hot compress immediately, and the doctor tells his family to apply cold compress immediately. Later, after the family members of the child followed the nursing guidance, the hematoma expanded, causing dissatisfaction among the family members of the child and suing the nurse. Therefore, nurses must strengthen the study of professional nursing knowledge, follow the doctor's rounds regularly, strengthen communication with doctors, improve their ability to carry out health education, and avoid the above problems.

2.3 Division of labor and cooperation of medical staff in health education. With the increase of medical disputes, the responsibilities and risks of medical care work are also increasing.

Every nursing staff should accurately understand the legal scope of their duties, and make clear which work can be done independently and which work must be carried out under the guidance of doctors to prevent legal disputes. Nursing health education and doctor's notification system overlap in content, but they also have their own scope and emphasis.

For example, doctors mainly inform patients about their condition, prognosis and treatment plan, while nurses mainly explain patients' diet, sleep, excretion, medication, activities and sports, environment and rules and regulations according to doctors' treatment plan, and cooperate with doctors to complete treatment plan and promote patients' recovery. Therefore, in health education, doctors and nurses should strengthen the division of labor and cooperation, formulate regulations that are in line with the actual situation of undergraduate courses according to the characteristics of various departments in hospitals, and help nurses to clarify their responsibilities and fulfill their health education obligations within the scope of their responsibilities.

If it goes beyond the scope of duties and brings harm to patients, nurses will bear unshirkable legal responsibilities. 2.4 Health education is more important for patients and their families to participate in the process of diagnosis, treatment and nursing.

The ultimate goal of health education is the acquisition of healthy behavior, and the change of behavior is based on knowledge and driven by belief. It is normal.