"Jiazi Shell Carving"-Jiazi is a famous fishing port, and seashore beaches are rich in shell resources. "Jiazi Shell Sculpture" is a vivid three-dimensional picture of mountains, rocks, water, rivers, waterfalls, trees, bamboos, flowers, birds, beasts, insects, fish and various figures. Made of all kinds of shells through fine processing and special viscose fiber. Together with the glass frame, it forms a three-dimensional handicraft, which sells well at home and abroad.
Jiazi shell carving is an excellent traditional folk craft in China. It uses shells as carving materials to make works of different sizes and shapes. Such as figures, flowers, birds, fish, insects, vase ornaments, drawing boards, screens and so on. Their works are unique in modeling and exquisite in craftsmanship, which can be called a wonderful work in China arts and crafts. It was listed in the second batch of intangible cultural heritage list of Shanwei City.
Jiazi shell carving has a long history, which has been circulated for more than 400 years. This is a traditional art with a long history .. According to historical records, as early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some people in Jiazi saw, ground, drilled and carved shells into ornaments. Such as a "saddle snail" strung into a necklace with a rope; "Flower clam" is connected into a bracelet; Jade brand is made of beautiful shiny shells and is worn by children as auspicious things. Because Jiazi is adjacent to the South China Sea, there are many shells, which are often made into daily necessities. Such as "red snail shell" sawed into a ladle; "Sun and Moon Shell" as a dung spoon; The "silk mussel shell" is connected to the net through a rope as a lead pendant; "Snail Shell" is played as a trumpet, with eight-tone drum music. Nearly a hundred years ago, Liu Jibi, an old artist, and his son Long Ming sold small shells and willow branches picked up by the sea in the market and the plum blossom bonsai art glued with sticky rice paste. Liu Yongxi, a 73-year-old famous arts and crafts artist, was the head of the creative design group of Jiazi Shell Carving Craft Factory. During Guangxu period, Jiazi Town had more than a dozen small-scale shell carving family workshops.
After the founding of New China, the Party and the government set up the first shell carving craft factory in our province-Jiazi Shell Carving Craft Factory on 1956, which used the rich shell carving resources of Jiaziyou Fishing Port to attract a large number of skilled craftsmen and craftsmen, and promoted the great development of shell carving industry. The number of employees increased from 65,438+000 in 1950s to 65,438+000 in 1980s. In 1970s and 1980s, Jiazi shell carving entered its heyday, and the three-dimensional shell carving works such as Water Lily, Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Snail Girl, Man Yu Song, Chrysanthemum Crab, Long March, Flying in Dunhuang, and Hundred Birds Welcome to Spring designed and produced by Liu Yongxi, the descendant of the old artist, participated in China craft many times. Among them, the three-dimensional shell sculpture "Water Lily" won the first place in the National Arts and Crafts Exhibition of Hundred Flowers Award held in Lianyungang that year. When Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon was exhibited at the Canton Fair that year, it was widely praised by domestic and foreign merchants. At the same time, it is considered by the arts and crafts circles as the beginning of breaking through the limitations of plane shell carving in China and creating three-dimensional shell carving art, that is, it was selected and sent to the National Museum for collection, and was rated as one of the top ten outstanding works of arts and crafts in China in that year, and released to the world as an international news picture of China. 1976 Liu Yongxi's graduation work "Three-dimensional Shell Sculpture" was studied in the provincial sculpture research class, and was selected into the new Guangdong Arts and Crafts Exhibition 1978, and was later collected by China Arts and Crafts together with Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon. 1979, Liu Yongxi's three-dimensional shell sculpture "Chrysanthemum and Crab" was awarded as an excellent work in the provincial craft exhibition and published as the cover of the May issue of Guangdong Pictorial 1980. Jiazi Shell Carving has participated in many handicraft exhibitions or trade fairs in Beijing, Shanghai, Lianyungang and Guangzhou. Its flower and bird screens, figure screens, ancient screens, landscape screens, three-dimensional vases, screen shell carvings and other different types of works have been highly praised by experts and merchants at home and abroad. Products have been exported in large quantities, selling well in Southeast Asia, Europe, America and Africa, turning a new page in the history of Jiazi shell carving technology, with an annual output value of.
Jiazi shell carving is exquisite. It draws lessons from tooth carving, jade carving, wood carving and Chinese painting, and forms colorful, exquisite and vivid works of art with various shells, each of which embodies the ingenious skills and beautiful hearts of folk artists. In particular, it is the first and only traditional technique of three-dimensional shell carving in China, which highlights the verve effect of vision and texture of the works and gives people beautiful artistic enjoyment. Jiazi folk artists use shells skillfully in the production process. Spotted shells, sawed into scarred trunks; Shells with spiral threads are cut into ladies' buns; Make leaves with scallops and shells; Use the red color of conch and chicken heart snail as maple leaf. There are also grapes that are purple in the inner layer of shells, and dresses are the layered expression of Jiangbei. Really can't. I just dyed it transparent. Some experts say that there are as many forms of expression and composition as there are in Chinese painting.
Jiazi shell carvings are three-dimensional, semi-three-dimensional, flat-attached, line-carved, embossed, hollowed out, re-carved, etc. Types are divided into relief paintings, such as flowers and birds, figures, landscapes, Bo Gu and so on. Figures, flowers and birds, fish and insects, vase ornaments and other three-dimensional shell carvings; Low relief and inlay, such as painted board paintings, furniture, screens, etc. Its production steps mainly include several aspects: first, design patterns, and design various specifications with ancient creativity and practical drawings according to the needs of society and folk customs; 2, taking materials, decomposing and disassembling parts according to the design requirements of drawings, and dynamically selecting mucous membranes suitable for shells and artworks according to materials; Production: cut, polish, carve and polish the required parts to make them vivid and enhance the aesthetic feeling of the picture; Fourth, coloring, according to the needs of the picture content, giving color foil; 5. Installation: Assemble the components on the floor or frame, restore the artistic modeling of the original design pattern, and then decorate with decorative components such as wooden frame and glass to form shell carving products.
Jiazi Shell Carving is an excellent traditional folk craft and a wonderful work in China arts and crafts. It not only has profound cultural heritage, but also has important value: first, shells were originally deposited on the beach and can only be burned into shell ash, which is of low value, but shell carving turns waste into treasure, greatly improving the utilization value of shells; Second, the social value, the employees needed for shell carving production, solved the employment problem of social labor force; Third, artistic value, inheriting the artistic skills of ancestors' shell carving, creating three-dimensional shell carving art, and pushing shell carving art to a higher artistic level; Economic value, shell carving production can promote local social and economic development, improve people's living standards, and earn foreign exchange for national exports.
20 13- 12 Jiazi shell carving was selected as the fifth batch of intangible cultural heritage in Guangdong Province.