Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Philosophy .............. b philosophy?
social science ...............................................................................................................................................................................
D politics and law?
natural science ...............................................................................................................................................................................
O mathematical science and chemistry?
P astronomy, earth science?
Q biological science?
R medicine, health?
Agricultural science?
T industrial technology?
U traffic?
5. Aerospace?
X. Environmental Science and Labor Protection Science
Comprehensive books .............. ... Z comprehensive books.
1 General requirements for natural science literature classification
Natural science is a science that studies the material form, structure, nature and motion law of nature. On the basis of production practice and scientific experiments, human understanding of nature has deepened from the macro world to the micro world. Natural science literature includes not only basic sciences that study the laws of natural development, such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science and biological science, but also applied sciences that people use knowledge about nature to improve, enhance and enrich their material life, such as medicine, agriculture and engineering. The common problems that should be paid attention to in the literature classification and indexing of natural science documents in Chinese Library Classification are as follows. ?
1) The relationship between content and form of literature should be based on content. ?
2) The relationship between basic science and applied science should be determined according to its content focus, the author's writing intention and the needs of readers. ? 3) As far as the relationship between generality and topicality is concerned, the category number of the topical position should be given as far as possible. ?
4) When generalizing the relationship between generality and concreteness, the class number of the specific position should be given as far as possible. ?
5) In the relationship between discipline, specialty and theme, discipline and specialty should be the main basis and foothold of classification. ?
6) When dealing with the relationship between the research object and the field involved in the literature, the subject attribute of the research object should be the main classification standard, and the field involved should be the auxiliary standard. ?
7) When it comes to the relationship between application and application in document content, it is generally classified according to the applied discipline and specialty. ?
8) The relationship between manufacture and use should be classified according to the proportion of document content, and sometimes two category numbers can be given to facilitate readers' retrieval. ?
9) The relationship between technology, methods, equipment and products depends on the specific situation. ?
10) as far as the relationship between differentiated disciplines, marginal disciplines and interdisciplinary disciplines is concerned, if this new discipline is differentiated from a certain discipline, it should be classified as a certain discipline.
2 procedures and methods of literature classification
Document classification procedure-the work steps arranged according to the order of classification work. This is summed up by people's long-term work practice. If the program is not classified according to documents, it will lead to repeated work and easy to make mistakes.
The procedure of document classification is: analysis of document subject → classification → numbering → inspection.
2. 1 Analysis topic
The theme analysis of literature content is to make a correct judgment on the object, research angle and writing purpose of literature discussion, so as to classify it into appropriate categories in the classification system. Wrong judgment will inevitably lead to incorrect classification. First of all, we should find out what the object of Chu literature is. For example, the observation report on the experiment of transplanting cancer cells into rabbits is about cancer cells, not rabbits. Rabbits are just experimental subjects, and the literature studies oncology. Another example is the development of laser small angle measuring instrument, which discusses the object of angle measuring instrument, not laser. Therefore, when judging the object of literature discussion, we must grasp the main problem, that is, the problem that the author wants to explain, and exclude those secondary components. Secondly, it is necessary to find out from what disciplinary angle this document studies this discussion object. The same discussion object can often be studied from different angles, and most of these different angles can be used as the basis for classification. For example, the observation report of cancer cell transplantation in rabbits mentioned above is an experimental study from the perspective of medical oncology, not from the perspective of veterinary medicine. Therefore, it should be classified as experimental research of medical oncology. Finally, it is necessary to clarify the purpose of the author's writing.
2.2 classification?
Classification is to classify documents into the most suitable category in the classification system according to their disciplinary nature. After determining the main content and theme attributes of the document, we can find the appropriate category in the classification and classify the document into this category. At the same time, you can also use the index of the classification used as a reference to find the corresponding category and compare it with the main table and index. You can also classify it as should be included. Pay attention to the following two points when classifying:
1) We must first determine the category of the literature, and then carefully check the basic categories under the category step by step until we find the most suitable category.
For example, "metal material" appears as a category in "TG metallurgy, metal technology" and "earth architecture science", but the meaning of the category is quite different. ?
Such as: TG 14 metal TU5 1 metal material?
14 1 iron material 5 1 1 iron material?
146 nonferrous metals and their alloys 5 12 nonferrous and rare metals and their alloys?
Another example: Earth and stone works appear in six places at the same time, such as TU75 construction project, U2 15 railway line construction, U445 highway bridge construction, U455 highway tunnel construction, U6 15 waterway construction and U665 port construction, so we must pay attention to the categories when classifying. ?
2) The most suitable class is to meet the requirements of each database. From the classification depth, it is relative, not absolute. That is, the most suitable is not necessarily the lowest stratum, but should be classified according to the provisions of the norms. If a database stipulates that the category of "U transportation" only uses the three-level category, then it is inappropriate to use U66 in the classification of "U66 marine engineering" of marine refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, and it should be classified as U664.8?
2.3 labels
After determining the category that the document should be classified, the classification number representing the category can be copied to the document. In practical work, this process is carried out simultaneously with the previous one. Pay attention to the completeness and accuracy of the classification number when giving the number. The classification numbers of Chinese Library Classification often need to be combined by sections, or various subdivision tables and imitation points are used, so there is the problem of deleting the numbers with repeated meanings and adding "0", and numbering errors will occur if you are not careful. Secondly, be careful when copying, and the handwriting should be correct and clear. Sometimes I will copy the wrong class number because of carelessness. If "TP2" is copied as "TP 1", the former stands for "automation technology equipment" and the latter stands for "automation basic theory". This kind of mistake should also be avoided. Professional libraries are inspected by classified staff.
3. Imitate division.
For categories with * * * *, try to adopt the methods of imitation and division. In order to make the classification system concise and achieve the purpose of detailed classification, the following different forms of imitation reclassification methods are formulated for the * * * classes appearing in the classification system. ?
1) classification is divided into: general subdivision; List of world regions; China area table; Representative of international time; Representative in China; China ethnic table. ? Generally speaking, the multi-division table summarizes various possible multi-division problems. For the content of the general theory, it is stipulated that it should be used in the second and third categories, or concentrated in some categories; In addition, only some categories in the table can be selected as needed. The list of regions, the list of time and the list of China nationalities in the world and China are only applicable to the categories specified in the reclassified classification table, and the notes of "Reclassified according to ……".
2) For the distinction between disciplines and professional categories, classification combined with the specific situation of categories provides several ways to deal with it. ?
Distinguish the characteristics of special categories, and compile a "special category reclassification table" for all types that need to be reclassified. For example, under the classification of literature in various countries, there is a "special subdivision table for literary works" for the subdivision of literature in various countries. ?
When there are * * * problems in the upper and lower categories, list the categories of * * * under the upper category, summarize them as "general problems", and mark "the following categories are duplicate".
In the near category, when there is a problem of * * * gender differentiation, the subheadings are listed in detail under the category that appears in front, and the categories that need the same subdivision in the back are marked with imitation subdivision. ?
When classifying according to the above three reclassification methods, the reclassification class number will be directly added to the class number that needs detailed classification.
Example: The number of modern Dutch history is K563.4?
The number of barley field management is S5 12.305.
However, for the reclassification of its superior category (general category that needs reclassification), a "zero" should be added before the reclassification number to distinguish it. Example: The number of modern European history is K504.