Defoe's message:

Daniel defoe (1660 ~ 173 1), a British novelist, was the founder of realistic novels during the English Enlightenment, and was known as "the father of English and European novels". Born in London. My father runs the slaughter industry and believes in Presbyterian church which is different from the state religion. Defoe's original surname was Fu, and he called himself Defoe after 1703. He has a secondary education, but he has no university education in classical literature. He has always maintained a position different from the Anglican belief, and is politically inclined to the Whigs. After being a priest for many years, he realized that he was not suitable for religious life, so he chose to go into business in the sea. He traveled widely and had a successful career. During this period, he became a family and began to support his family.

1692, his business failed. Defoe, 32, is heavily in debt and has to support his wife and six children. Because of his strong interest in politics, he began to write political articles for newspapers to make a living. Because these articles often criticized the king and the ruling party, Defoe went to prison several times and stayed in prison for many years. Because political articles can only bring him trouble and increase debts, Defoe has to turn to novel creation. 17 19, Defoe, who was nearly 60 years old, published his first novel, which later became one of the world-famous adventure novels-Robinson Crusoe. Today, more than 250 years later, this novel is still popular. Robinson Crusoe brought Defoe great success and helped him pay off some debts. After that, he wrote Moore Flanders, Colonel Jack and two other novels about Robinson, but creditors always followed him to collect debts. In the last few years of Defoe's life, he was sickly and friendless, his creditors kept coming to him, and his children gave him up. 173 1 year, daniel defoe died at the age of 7 1 year. Just like Robinson, the hero of his novel, who lived on a desert island for 28 years, he was lonely and afraid. In his early years, he was engaged in underwear, tobacco and alcohol, woolen goods, brick making and other industries, and went to mainland countries to do business.

1685 participated in the rebellion against the Catholic king led by Monmouth Duke; From 65438 to 0688, William, a Dutch Protestant, led an army to land in England and succeeded to the British throne. Defoe joined his army. 1692, he went bankrupt in business and his debts reached 17000. Later, I failed many times and had to make a living in various ways. He worked as a government agent, designed various development careers and engaged in writing at the same time. 1698 published "On Development", advocating building roads, running banks, enacting bankruptcy laws, setting up insane asylum, running fire and water insurance, collecting income tax and running girls' schools. 170 1 year, he published the satirical poem "The Real Englishman", arguing that there are no pure Englishmen, opposing the aristocratic Catholic forces and defending the foreign Protestant William III. This poem has been printed in nine editions. 1702 published a political essay "Shortcuts to Eliminate Different Sects", which used irony to oppose the oppression of people of different sects by the state religion. The writing is unique, I didn't see it at first. Later, he was found out, fined, imprisoned for six months and flogged three times, but he was regarded as a hero by Londoners. be imprisoned

He wrote an ode to the cangue (1703) imitating the ode of the Greek poet Ping Darus, satirizing the injustice of the law 2.

Daniel defoe (1660-173 1 April 24th) is a British novelist, journalist and pamphlet author. He was born in London, England, and his real name is Fu. Defoe later added a prefix that sounded like noble "Germany" in front of his surname, forming the pseudonym Defoe. Defoe's father, James Defoe, engaged in slaughter. His parents are Presbyterians and don't believe in the Anglican Church. Defoe himself received a secondary education in Presbyterian school, but he didn't go to college. Defoe once went to the sea to do business, but failed, even went bankrupt at 1692. Later, in order to make a living, he worked as a government intelligence officer and wrote at the same time. 1696, he became the manager of a brick factory in London.

When he was subjected to flail punishment, he distributed his long poem Ode to Flail Punishment, satirizing the injustice of the law, and onlookers in London regarded him as a hero. From 1704 to 17 13, he presided over Review magazine for Harry, creating public opinion and collecting intelligence. 17 19 Defoe published his first novel Robinson Crusoe, which was well received by readers. Subsequently, Robinson Crusoe was published. 1720, he wrote Robinson Crusoe. Since then, he has published Captain singleton (1720), Moore Ferlande (1722), Captain Jack (1722), Roxana (1724) and Peter the Great. Several travel books at home and abroad, such as New Travel Notes around the World (1724), Four Travel Notes of Captain Roberts (1726) and A Tour of the whole Island of Britain (1724 ~ 1727, 3 volumes, tour guide nature). He also has several books on business, such as Business Encyclopedia (1726), British Business Strategy (1728) and Ways to Make London the Most Prosperous City in the World (1728). His Encyclopedia of English Gentlemen was published in 1890 after his death.

Information about Robinson Crusoe:

Robinson Crusoe is a novel written in 17 19. Robinson, the hero, drifted to an isolated island because of a storm accident by boat and lived there alone for more than 20 years. He not only provides daily needs, but also manages a fertile land. Robinson was an entrepreneur of his time. The author takes this opportunity to praise the individual struggle spirit of the bourgeoisie in the rising period. The novel has vivid plot, vivid details, meticulous description and fluent language, which has profound philosophical and social significance.

Writing background:

This novel was written by Defoe inspired by a true story at that time. 1704 In September, a Scottish sailor named Alexander Selcock quarreled with the captain at sea and was abandoned by the captain on the island of Ann Fiinander, 400 miles from Chile, for four years and four months. Four years later, he was rescued by Captain Woods Rogers. When he was rescued back to England, he became a savage. Defoe, a famous British writer, devoted his many years of sea experiences and experiences to the characters according to the legendary story of Selcock, and made full use of his rich imagination to process literature, making Robinson a hero in the eyes of the middle and small bourgeoisie at that time. It is the first idealized emerging bourgeois image in western literature. He showed a strong bourgeois enterprising spirit and enlightenment consciousness. Selcock didn't do any heroic deeds on a desert island. It is said that both he and Robinson had the experience of catching goats and wearing sheepskin, and they were also harassed by cats. They also domesticated goats and cats as companions, and both spent time praying to God. But Robinson did not use Selcock's experience in other ways. This book was written around 17 19. The author wrote this interesting biographical novel when he was nearly 60 years old, which was appreciated by all ages and won him the reputation of "the father of English novels and newspapers".

This is a very popular and influential literary masterpiece. Robinson, the hero, is very optimistic and full of fighting spirit, which embodies the spirit of self-struggle. His creative work and achievements also reflect the infinite charm of human wisdom. If a person is in trouble and no one can save him, he must learn to change the status quo optimistically, which requires amazing perseverance and indomitable spirit like Robinson, which we can realize after reading Robinson Crusoe.

Novel outline:

Robinson was born in a middle-class family in England. Although his father hoped that he could earn a family business and live a self-disciplined life in his hometown by his own efforts, Robinson made an ambition to travel around the world from an early age. 165 1 year, he quietly left his hometown and started his first adventure. British young Robinson likes sailing since he was a child. He left home for South America three times. One day, with great ambition to travel around the world, he bid farewell to his family, crossed the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, and experienced countless dangers in his thrilling voyage. Later, the whole ship was unfortunately buried in the Pacific Ocean, and everyone on board was buried at the bottom of the sea. Only he miraculously survived and came to an uninhabited island alone. He got the inspiration of life from the gap of despair, and Robinson, with strong personality, lived independently on the island for 28 years. He worked and lived on an isolated island, reclaimed wasteland, raised livestock, and produced rice and wheat. He kept company with loneliness year after year and overcame all kinds of difficulties that ordinary people could not overcome. The Bible became his spiritual pillar. With amazing perseverance and tenacious labor, he built houses, harvested grain, domesticated goats and made clothes out of animal skins. He once fought bravely with wild animals and savages who ate human flesh. Later, he saved a local, called him "Friday" and took him as a servant. With extraordinary perseverance and courage, he overcame unimaginable hardships and created a home for himself with hardworking hands.

It was not until the 28th year that an English ship came near the island that Robinson helped the captain subdue the rebellious sailors and then returned to England. At this time, his parents died, and Robinson recovered all the income from his Brazilian manor and distributed it to some people who helped him. The literary position of Robinson Crusoe;

In Britain, literature begins with poetry and drama. It was not until Robinson Crusoe came out in 17 19 that Britain had its first real novel, and Defoe, its author, was hailed as "the father of English and European novels". -It can be seen that the literary status of Robinson Crusoe is extraordinary! Robinson was a legend in the British colonial period. When he was young, he was uneasy about the leisurely and plain life, and left home to take risks overseas without permission, and suffered all his life. He tragically became a prisoner of the Moors in South America; He has a bleak plantation in Brazil; Later, he crossed the ocean and came to Africa to "dream". Unfortunately, he was shipwrecked and drifted to a desert island alone for 28 years! On a desert island, he survived tenaciously with his own hands, perseverance and wisdom; He learned to make tools, domesticate goats, live in his own house and eat homemade bread; From fishing and hunting to animal husbandry, he is almost omnipotent in the struggle against fate and nature! Finally, 28 years later, he was "rescued" and boarded a ship returning to England. ...

Robinson is the embodiment of the adventure of emerging capitalists in the embryonic period of capitalism, and his stories meet the needs of adventure in the rising period of the bourgeoisie. In order to find new land, new sources of raw materials and new markets, the emerging bourgeoisie needs the courage to explore boldly and the perseverance to overcome difficulties and obstacles to support their unprecedented adventure at sea and exploration of the new continent. Therefore, I summarize such a typical literary work as "The Hero of primitive accumulation of capital Period". Robinson Crusoe has been published for more than 270 years, and it has been widely circulated all over the world with enduring charm. In my opinion, one of the important reasons why this novel is so attractive is that it expresses a unique view on the suffering of life through Robinson's experience. Every one of us may encounter hardships. Therefore, his views on the suffering of life can often impress every reader and get their recognition and praise to varying degrees. The author not only gives a gripping description of Robinson's adventures and sufferings, but more importantly, as a writer with typical consciousness of the emerging bourgeoisie, he has promoted people's diligence, wisdom, courage, perseverance and creativity to an unprecedented height in his works. He is convinced that human beings, as the spirit of all things, have the power to overcome bad luck, conquer nature and finally get everything he wants from life.

Although the times are different now, Robinson's indomitable and enterprising spirit as a pioneer image has eternal appeal to mankind.

After reading Robinson Crusoe, I was deeply moved by Robinson's fearless courage and extraordinary wisdom. When I first read the introduction of Robinson Crusoe, there was a lingering question: how did Robinson overcome difficulties again and again and return to his hometown? With this question, I carefully studied this world famous book and finally found the answer: fearless courage and extraordinary wisdom saved Robinson's life. What about those who have overcome difficulties and returned to their hometown? With this question, I carefully studied this world famous book and finally found the answer: fearless courage and extraordinary wisdom saved Robinson's life. Robinson's courage to overcome all difficulties is admirable. 1659 On September 30th, Robinson was shipwrecked on the voyage, and he capsized, so he stayed on a desert island. Imagine, without courage, in that extremely isolated situation: desolate and uninhabited. What will happen if wild animals haunt? Coward, I'm afraid you don't have to do anything. Although Robinson had fears, his courage and wisdom finally made him survive, and the time was not about a year, but 28 spring and autumn! This is a miracle on earth, you can't help but marvel! It is not enough to have courage, but also to have wisdom to help. Another weapon that Robinson can survive is wisdom. With his own wisdom, he built a shack to live in, reclaimed wasteland, planted rice and domesticated poultry ... Wisdom and courage are like human hands and brains, and no one can live without them and will always be good partners. Wisdom is like a sail, courage is like a boat. First, you have the courage to take risks, and then you use wisdom to help you. The combination of the two is the icing on the cake, and the boat can row far away ... I think Robinson's "secret magic weapon" for survival is to use them well!