Italian ancient architecture restoration and historical landscape protection majors are generally placed in the architecture department of comprehensive universities. Almost all the architecture departments of reliable public universities in Italy have set up relevant undergraduate courses, but at present, they generally can't learn any essence, which is probably the introduction of architectural history, western ancient architecture technology and classical restoration theory, and at most one or two experimental courses are added. Coupled with the language barrier of Italian, we can only have a preliminary understanding. Postgraduate courses are relatively in-depth, mainly attending experimental classes and working on projects with professors. This stage is an introduction. After graduation, you can choose to engage in repair technology engineering or theoretical research. If you want to engage in technology, you need to go to scuola di specializzazione, which is similar to the elite engineer college in France; If you engage in theory, you will go to the doctoral program in the university, but it is difficult to apply for a doctorate directly after graduation, which requires work experience and accumulation of published papers. North: Polytechnic University of Turin, Polytechnic University of Milan, University of Genoa, Venice Institute of Architecture, Middle: University of Florence, University of Bologna, University of Rome, South: University of Naples. Third-level degrees (doctor and doctor): Milan Polytechnic University, University of Rome.