Speaker: Professor Xia
(According to the recording, some places have been deleted and have not been reviewed by myself)
Professor Xia gives a lecture.
What is a spiritual adult? First of all, what is an adult? The grammatical structure of the word "adult" is not a partial structure, but a verb-object structure, not a mature person, but a verb-object structure of "people grow up" If we understand adults as a verb-object structure, then we must admit that people are not born as real people. I didn't say that. Young Marx once liked a German philosopher named Fellbach. Fellbach once said: Strictly speaking, babies are neither human nor animals. Although he has all the life genes to grow into a man in the future, he doesn't know the truth of being a man. People who don't know how to be human can't be called real people.
Then, it takes a process for people to grow into people. There are three dimensions of human growth:
First, people become adults at the physiological level. This truth is understood by the parents of the students present here. When boys grow to 12, 13 years old, and girls grow to 1 1 2 years old, their bodies will change quietly, or your body has not changed, and your parents are already preparing for your physical adulthood. You will find that the nutrition of your lunch and dinner has improved: a pigeon today and a duckling tomorrow. Parents are most afraid of losing their children's height. Boys are less than 1.6 meters when they are sixteen or seventeen, and girls are less than 1.5 meters at this age. You don't have to worry. Parents can worry. At that time, she asked everywhere if there was any medicine to make the child grow taller quickly. There is an advertisement in CCTV-"increasing the height of children" is often a drug that parents pay close attention to, if the children are not tall.
The second adult-an adult at the legal level. In the third year of high school, your alma mater hosted a ceremony for you-adult ceremony. Bar mitzvah means a lot: first, it means you can have an ID card; Second, it means that you have the right to vote and stand for election legally, even if no one will elect you for the time being. But doesn't eighteen mean real adulthood? Don't! Just because he has an ID card in his pocket and has the right to vote and stand for election does not mean that he is mentally mature. I have worked in China Normal University for 2 1 year, and now I have worked in Jiaotong University for more than three years. I often ask my classmates, "When you were eighteen, when you wanted to sleep most at night, did you hear a sound from your body, a mysterious sound, a whisper that only your ears could hear?" A classmate said, "teacher, I heard you!" " "I said," please state! "He said so. It's already twelve o'clock. He suddenly heard a voice under the covers: "You are eighteen years old! You are eighteen years old! " I said, "What's your answer?" He said, "No! I'm only seventeen! "It is obvious that he is eighteen, but he is only seventeen, which shows that there are quite a few children, boys and girls, who are unwilling to grow up mentally, physically and psychologically. This just shows that his mind is immature. 18 years old has to go out for a long trip, 18 years old has to face a strange world independently. If many 18-year-old girls became mothers during the Republic of China, today's 18-year-old girls, including boys, feel that there is no reason to be attached to their loving mothers if she confirms that she is 18-year-old; If she firmly remembers that she is not yet eighteen, she can continue to act like a spoiled brat in front of her parents without feeling ashamed, which is why she doesn't want to grow up.
Third, legal adults and physical adults are not spiritual adults. What does it mean to be a mental adult? It refers to a person's value foundation as a person, even the truth of being a man. Not only do I know it in my heart, but I always use such a truth to restrain myself and infiltrate the truth of being a man into my daily life, daily life and details. He began to know how to be self-disciplined, how to be responsible, how to make the people you love and the people you love worry about you because you can't live, how to take my life into his own hands, and whether I can live a more ideal and interesting life tomorrow than today. In other words, spiritual adults are placed in front of 18-year-old classmates. In my opinion, this is the most important goal in your life.
So, why should we emphasize the spiritual adult of college students? It is because the first year to the fourth year of college, from eighteen to twenty-two, is the most important season for the soul development in this person's life history. Why do you say that? What is the development of the soul? The so-called soul is nothing more than the truth or measure of being a man living in your heart. This "ruler" is invisible, you may not feel its existence, but it is restricting your psychology and behavior. I wonder where the commercial street in Zhengzhou is? I know there are two famous roads in Shanghai. One is Nanjing East Road, 1842, the first commercial street in China after treaty of nanking, and another is Huaihai Road. We can see that these two roads are full of people coming and going day and night, because there are high-end shopping places, and many people are rich and expensive when they go shopping there. We come from poor streets, and we are children of the poor, but sometimes we ask such a question: Why do I never have evil thoughts when I see people paying a lot of money when shopping? Rob other people's money from their pockets? I think if you go to Nanjing Road, you won't have such evil thoughts as mine, because you can't put your hand into other people's pockets, so why don't you put your hand in? Because you have a truth in your heart, that kind of self-discipline and moral self-discipline are effective, and even the idea of stealing other people's money will not flash through your mind, so we are good people, so our hands are human hands. If your hand reaches out, it's not a human hand. It is called the "third hand", or "pickpocket" for short. In other words, the truth of being a man is great.
There are the most basic principles of life, and there are also principles that make your life more perfect and ideal. It is this principle of being a man that is the first and most important for college students. How important is it? In my opinion, it is the top priority of all university work to make college students become spiritual adults and let them know the truth of being a man. I can even say that everything is leisurely, which is the only thing that matters. What does everyone say college is? It is a place for professionals, but spiritual adults are undoubtedly more important than professionals. It would be more appropriate for me to talk about this passage in medical college. I gave a talk to a large group of young military doctors in military uniforms at the First Medical University and the Second Medical University of China People's Liberation Army. I said I don't expect all of you to be as skilled as Dae Jang Geum when you graduate from college. This is a fable, but I have the right to ask you to learn to respect when you become a doctor. What is awe? Your trust in patients. He put his health and even safety in your palm. Can you measure his dignity? Those who can weigh this amount are called medical ethics, and those who cannot weigh this amount are called no medical ethics. For doctors, medical ethics is better than medical skills. If a person's medical skills are high, but his medical ethics are not good, it is too easy for him to kill a person quietly. Right?
After the Ma Jiajue incident in Yunnan University, many people looked at him from the perspective of psychological counseling, which was too simple. He is high flyers from the Academy of Life Sciences, and his grades can be admitted to Tsinghua, which is definitely not low in terms of IQ. However, he can kill people and his classmates so quietly, more calmly than a professional killer, and quietly put their classmates' bodies in the closet. He can still keep his face still quietly, keep his heart beating, and live for a day and a night before walking. Students who study life science treat their classmates' lives so worthless. If this is called life science, this science is terrible! This is definitely not a psychological or mental problem. From the value basis of being a man, it is a problem that there is no breath of being a man.
Some people say that it is only your opinion that it is so important for college students to be spiritual adults. Don't! I have carefully read the articles of famous European and American educational thinkers since the19th century. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, there was an Irish Catholic university president in England, Mr. Newmark. When he was the president of a university, he delivered a series of speeches to express his understanding of the ideal of the university. He said that university work is to raise the character of college students to the height of liberal arts ("broadness", "broadness" and "elegance"). He said that this is the real education, the education of free people; Other education is important, but second, let a person's psychology and behavior rise to the realm of freedom, because he knows the truth of being a man. Therefore, he stressed that the best education is to see if there is such an atmosphere in your campus to make our classmates elegant, extensive and weighty. Therefore, he stressed that colleges and universities must be technical. He said that if a classmate lived in the dormitory where Mr Newton slept for four years hundreds of years ago, he would not be able to sleep tonight. Darwin also came from Trinity College, Cambridge University. There is a bronze medal outside Darwin's dormitory-"The great biologist Darwin lived here for four years". Why does he care about these things? It is to let our classmates enter a space with light secular atmosphere but rich spiritual value as soon as they enter the campus, so as to obtain the best space for soul development. So at that time, there was a system called tutorial system in their teacher-student relationship in Cambridge, which stipulated that a professor must have dinner with several undergraduates every week, but he could not leave immediately after dinner. He must take a walk on the green lawn of the college. What should he talk about? When talking about majors, life, ideals and even a task, professors should take students to the professor's study to chat and listen to music. Some people say that all the college students in Cambridge are smoked from their tutors' pipes. The tutor can watch his students chat around him without talking, and he will say a few words from time to time while smoking a pipe. But this kind of education is three-dimensional education, not only through books, but also through the elegant temperament of professors. So there is a three-dimensional existence, and the existence of the whole cultural spirit is transmitted and hinted, which is called edification.
Unfortunately, the enrollment expansion of our university is too large now, and the teacher-student ratio is too wide, which Shanghai Jiaotong University can't do. As a century-old prestigious school, Shanghai Jiaotong University is remarkable. Two years older than Peking University. Born in 1896, Peking University is 1898. I found that there is a guild hall in your school called "Siyuan Hall", and there is also the word "Siyuan" in the motto of Jiaotong University. I asked many teachers and cadres of Jiaotong University: "Do you know where the source of' Siyuan' is? Do you know where the' source' of Shanghai Jiaotong University is? " Many people may not know. I said that the origin of Shanghai Jiaotong University lies in the Nanyang Project, which was born in 1896 and developed into today's Shanghai Jiaotong University, which contains the lofty will of the Chinese nation to revive in the world. It is precisely because of this lofty will that Jiaotong University can cultivate outstanding talents with leadership potential for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and the Republic of China. No matter whether this kind of talent is in science and technology, industry, academia, education or politics, it is all here, so it can March forward in its own 1 10 years of development history. 1956, Shanghai jiaotong university was almost uprooted and moved to Xi' an jiaotong university, leaving only one college, namely the shipping college. Ships are always associated with rivers and seas. There is really no big water surface around Xi 'an, so the Institute of Shipping stayed at Jiaotong University. But who knows that such a root of Shanghai Jiaotong University has been developing until the late Cultural Revolution, and today, it ranks fourth to fifth in the national ranking. What kind of power makes her indomitable? It is this strong will for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In my opinion, this will is super-historical, super-partisan and super-political. Everyone in China will cherish the tradition of Jiaotong University, and the source is here. If the campus of Jiaotong University can also be filled with such a profound and distant sense of history, then the children and students of Jiaotong University trained in this atmosphere will be much more open-minded. However, I can say that the new campus of Shanghai Jiaotong University now covers an area of more than 5,000 mu, while the old campus covers 400 mu, and the campus has expanded by 12- 13 times. However, the rich historical flavor of the century-old school history in the old campus has been diluted too thin in the new campus, and the teacher-student ratio is not proportional, with 20,000 undergraduates and nearly 10,000 students. Only one-tenth of the 2,000 teachers who attend classes in the front line live around the new campus of Jiaotong University. 1 Teachers are faced with 100 students' life confusion and confusion, and they are simply too busy. And 90% people live in urban areas. After class, they hurried away, and their classmates' troubles were hard to put in their hearts, so my classmates said to me, "Miss Xia, don't look at Jiaotong University, let's catch a cold." What does a cold mean? A cold of the soul is called catching cold. They have a lot of confusion in their hearts, and they can't find anyone who never trusts them to talk to them, help them guide and guide them. So objectively, our classmates have felt that 18-22 years old has encountered many problems, in fact, they are all soul problems, but they can't get good and timely guidance. This problem exists in Shanghai Jiaotong University, and I think it may also exist in one form in your school.
Then some people will ask, why do you emphasize 18-22 years old? /kloc-going out for a long trip at the age of 0/8 shows that you have come to the university. As a freshman, you immediately find that the learning experience-life experience prepared for you in six years of primary school and junior high school suddenly becomes so inadequate or inappropriate in a strange environment. As a result, a word is popular among college students all over the country, called depression. I said to the students of Jiaotong University, "Do you know what depression means? You live in a real space, which is brand new to you. You have to deal with it, but you don't know how to deal with it. You will find that there are many ways to go, but you don't know which one to take. These four years, full of too much confusion, no one to guide you, trapped in the chest, this is not a kind of depressed "depression"? Stay in your chest, no one guides you, no reason and debauchery, you can't vent, so you feel bored, so you are depressed. " The students are depressed. If you miss such an age and the time to relieve depression in the past four years, I can say that you may also miss the best season for soul development. Now we all know that there is a special season for human growth. If a girl can grow to 35 years old, then she is only 17 years old, 1.50 meters. Her parents are not in a hurry, and there are still 20 years for her to grow up. Take your time! The problem is that when you are 18 years old, you will be less than 1.5 meters, and you will never grow taller, which makes people anxious. The same is true of learning languages. Do you know the story of Wolf Child? A baby was taken away by a wolf. Eight years later, the wolf boy returned to his mother's side. He would never speak his hometown dialect or his mother tongue again. He can speak the language of wolves-howl and howl. Physiologists tell us that brain scientists tell us that children's physical development is synchronized with the development of the brain and the growth of language ability. When he can speak, it is often the brain tissue as a part of the body that controls pronunciation and semantic understanding and develops well in a short time. Without the stimulation of human language and pronunciation, the brain tissue that controls pronunciation and semantic understanding cannot develop normally. Eight years later, he returned to human society, but his brain tissue, which plays such a role in controlling human voice and semantics, is in a state of atrophy. He lost the best season for brain tissue development, so he will never speak human words. So is the development of the soul. 18-22 years old, the problems encountered are the most real, and there is a pain in my heart. You will be eager to ask the teacher for advice. However, after the age of 22, your identity has changed and you will consider yourself an adult. You changed jobs with your diploma, and your salary is quite decent. You should live like an adult, think about the house and marry a wife. That kind of life problems are left behind, thinking that these things are empty and what is in hand is real, so we find that many people are getting older, their wages are increasing, and the level of cadres is also improving, but sometimes you listen to him and judge many basic problems. He is still 18 years old, and his soul has not grown up. Although all places have grown up, his soul is shrinking. I'm not afraid to tell you that my mother is over 80 years old, but I found that her judgment on many basic problems still stays at 18 years old, which is a very simple judgment of a village girl. Of course, this judgment has a feeling of eternal life, but the expression of this feeling is a very profound part of the connotation of life she has experienced, which my mother can't do. In fact, everyone faces this problem, so there is every reason to say that spiritual adulthood is more important than professional success.
Then some people say that our university provides very good conditions for college students to become spiritual adults. I think it is lacking. The current curriculum system in China's colleges and universities is that all courses related to students' political orientation are sufficient, and all courses related to students' vocational training and professional training are relatively systematic. However, can there be such a course that students can consciously examine their hearts with humanistic eyes and ask themselves constantly every day: "How are you doing?" How to make your tomorrow better than today? "Is there such a course? No, so in September 2003, when I set up a compulsory course of humanities in Shanghai Jiaotong University, the fifth edition of the organ newspaper of Shanghai Municipal Committee and Jiefang Daily (1 1.00) used a full page to report on my setting up a compulsory course of humanities in Shanghai Jiaotong University, which was an in-depth report. What moved me was that the editor added a title to the whole article, and the title was in bold. How big and eye-catching the bold font is, it was only the font of the editorial of "Two Newspapers and One Publication" during the Cultural Revolution, and I still remember it. " Regarding the sacred feelings of a generation, he said that a course that has never been seen in the history of human education-university humanities was initiated in Shanghai Jiaotong University and is a compulsory course. I think it is more timely for college students than to praise me for offering this course. They didn't have it before, so my friends in the newspaper, friends I don't know at all, all agree with it.
Then some people say that some comprehensive universities have so rich reserves of humanities courses that it should be said that this is not a problem. No, I worked in China Normal University for 265,438+0 years. The Chinese Department of East China Normal University, where I work, was one of the best in the Chinese Department of East China University throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Especially in the 1980s, a friend of Chinese Department of Peking University said to me, "The professor of Chinese Department of Peking University has only one enemy in his heart, an imaginary enemy. This is the Chinese Department of your China Normal University. " I am lucky that I participated in the brilliant historical creation of the Chinese Department of China Normal University, that is, in China Normal University. Frankly speaking, Wen Shizhe can rank in a decent position in the national rankings, but definitely not every literature teacher, every philosophy teacher and every history teacher can make Wen Shizhe's speech move students and make them emotional. When the teacher Wen Shizhe spits out a concept and a category, it is only accurate at the knowledge level, so students should not listen. Students like to listen to such a class most: every sentence spoken by the teacher carries the sweat of his thinking, the tears of his life experience, and even the blood he paid a heavy price. Only in this way can students be moved. It is not difficult for literature, history and philosophy to make it clear on the knowledge level, just recite it. Some teachers are not familiar with business. Many teachers look at the ceiling or the podium and never look at their classmates' black eyes. If a teacher can't read a kind of approval or confusion from the eyes of students who listen carefully, then he is definitely not the best teacher. The so-called best teacher puts his heart on the podium and lets his classmates hear his body odor from his statement. However, such teachers are rare. Because of scarcity, the course of literature, history and philosophy, which should have humanistic feelings and implications, is often taught by our teachers: literature is too shallow, history is too dead, and philosophy is too mysterious. Why has literature become shallow? Why is history dead? And philosophy becomes mysterious? Because this literary philosopher did not grow from the depths of his soul, nor from the body of this teacher who can sweat, bleed and cry, but such teachers are really rare.
What about the counselor? Counselors are very hard, and there are two burdens on their weak shoulders: one is political orientation; The second is the psychological adjustment of adolescence. Especially after the Ma Jiajue incident, many counselors are afraid. Should I give you a psychological test as soon as you come in? Do you want to do it or not? Many colleges and universities do this, and everyone takes psychological tests like a physical examination, just for fear of leaving Ma Jiajue. In fact, they see the problem very simply.
So what do some people say about their parents? Both parents are children's first mentors-life mentors, but I can say that our parents have a heavy responsibility to train their children to 18 years old and send them to various universities. He has done a lot for us. No one can ask our parents to describe to us what a real university is like, and because most of our parents are poor, they are often frightened by the financial difficulties of * * * and China, and sometimes they can't help but put their unfulfilled university dreams on your shoulders. They don't know what a university is, and often look at it from a more affordable and secular perspective. Their imagination of the university is a kind of folk imagination, not a real ideal setting on the educational level. Nowadays, when many students fill in their volunteers, if they fill in liberal arts and applied liberal arts, they always give priority to finance and economy, such as administration, such as foreign languages, such as foreign trade. Do you feel it? These applied arts are more or less related to one word, which is called "money". That is to say, in the minds of our parents, the motivation for sending their children to colleges and universities is materialism, and even trading their diplomas for a work certificate, a decent job and a decent income to help families get rid of poverty is often the first in their parents' minds, which is why they are far from the ideal distance of a real university.
So from this perspective, it is a phenomenon that students studying in universities and teachers teaching in universities sometimes don't understand what a real university is. It's a bit like not knowing the true face of Lushan Mountain, because you are on this mountain. In college, I don't know what the real college ideal is, so it is a problem for college students to become spiritual adults. But your body is growing, and so is your soul. The question is how to grow. If there is no better direction to guide, then the negative effects, influences and corrosion of social, folk and popular negative thoughts on your soul cannot be underestimated.