The following is my excerpt from the history of Apple's development.

Apple's earliest LOGO, from the current point of view, is not a logo, but it is elegant! Similar to medieval copperplate prints.

Apple type I

Central processing unit: MOStek 6502

CPU speed: 1 Mhz

Coprocessor: None

Bus speed: 1 Mhz

Data path: 8 bits

Main board memory: 8 kb

Maximum memory: 32 kb

Display memory: 1 kb

Maximum resolution: 60.05 Hz, 40x24 characters.

Power: 58 watts

Time to market:1April, 976

End time: 1977

Apple I is Apple's first model. 1976 was born in Steve Jobs' garage. Looks like a typewriter. The motherboard is exposed, and there is not even a decent screen (watching it on TV), and its function is very limited. 2 1 century today, anyone who reads it will say, "What's the matter?" I don't know the rest. Anyway, I couldn't figure it out by lending me three insights. It is this humble thing that has created a brand-new page for microcomputers.

The CPU used by apple I is Motorola's MOStek 6502 chip, instead of Intel 8080 commonly used on single-board computers. Since then, Apple and Motorola have forged an indissoluble bond for decades.

Apple I also has a tape drive as an attachment for storing data. The price at that time was $666.66.

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Apple II

Central processing unit: MOS technology 6502

CPU speed: 1 Mhz

Co-processor: No.

Bus speed: 1 Mhz

Data path: 8 bits

Read only memory: 12 k

Maximum memory: 32 kb

Display memory: 1 kb

Maximum resolution: 6 colors 280x 192.

Floppy disk drive: optional

Sound: mono

Time to market: 1977

End time: 1980

Price: 1.298 USD

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Apple IIplus

Central processing unit: MOS technology /SynerTek 6502

CPU speed: 1 Mhz

Co-processor: No.

Bus speed: 1 Mhz

Data path: 8 bits

Read only memory: 12 k

Memory: 48 kb

Maximum memory: 64 kb

Maximum resolution: 6 colors of 280x 192 and 4 colors of 40x48.

Floppy disk drive: optional

Sound: mono

Time to market: 1979

End time: 1983

Price: 1. 195 USD.

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Apple IIc/IIc+

Central processing unit: SynerTek 65C02

Central processing unit speed: 1 Mhz (IIc)/4 Mhz (IIc+)

Co-processor: No.

Bus speed: 1 Mhz (IIc)/4 Mhz (IIc+)

Data path: 8 bits

Read only memory: 32 kb

Memory: 128 kb

Maximum memory: 1 M

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Apple type III

Central processing unit: SynerTek 6502A

Central processing unit speed: 2 Mhz

Co-processor: No.

Bus speed: 2 Mhz

Data path: 8 bits

Read only memory: 4 kb

Memory: 128 kb

Maximum memory: 256 kb

Maximum resolution: 80x24text,1bit (b&; W) 590x 192

Floppy disk drive: 143k 5.25 inches

Serial port: Yes

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Lisa type

1983 is doomed to be a domineering year. After the introduction of IBM PC, IBM released a new XT model. Compaq is also eager to try. Peripheral manufacturers such as Hewlett-Packard and Epson constantly release new products. In terms of software, Microsoft Word, Lotus 1-2-3 and other business software have come out one after another. All these indicate the maturity of the personal computer market. It also indicates that the smoke of computer war is rising. In this context, Apple released its most upscale model: Lisa.

This is a very interesting model. It cleverly fills the gap between Apple and Mac models. From the interface and function, it is closer to Mac.

Lisa used Motorola's 6800 chip for the first time, which greatly improved the main frequency speed of the computer. It reached 5Mhz. It is Apple's first generation 16-bit model. The memory capacity is also increased to a maximum of 2MB. And used the hard disk for the first time. For friends who are used to storing data on floppy disks, the capacity of 5MB or 10MB is no different from mass storage.

Central processing unit: Motorola MC68000

Central processing unit speed: 5 Mhz

Co-processor: No.

Bus speed: 5 Mhz

Data path: 16 bits

Read only memory: 16k

Memory: 1MB and 2MB(MacXL)

Display: 12 inch 720 x 360 built-in (black and white)

Floppy drives: two: 87 1k 5.25 "and 400k Sony 3.5" (Lisa 2 type).

Hard disk: 5 MB (10MB in Lisa 2/MacXL)

Serial port: 2 RS-232

Sound: mono

Power: 150 watt

Weight: 48 lbs.

Volume: height 15.2 inches x width 18.7 inches x depth 13.8 inches.

Operating system: LisaOS and Mac OS 6.0.3+MacWorks (Mac XL).

Time to market:1June, 983

Termination time: 65438+August 0986

Lisa's circuit diagram

Lisa has a very unique appearance. Integrated 12 inch display and host. The interface is still graphical, which is no different from the familiar Mac screen display today. The mouse is still Apple's unique spare part. It can be seen that Apple is adhering to its humanized concept and demonstrating its user-oriented affinity with its talented design ideas and powerful functions.

Lisa sells for as much as $9,995. Still, many people buy it. Among users, there are even many user associations similar to "Eliza". On the basis of just selling 6.5438+00000 second-generation Apple computers, Lisa continued Apple's success and won users.

Maybe Lisa is just a transitional product of Apple, and its market cycle is not long, just a flash in the pan. However, Lisa is pregnant with Apple's epoch-making newborn: Macintosh.

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Macintosh 128k5 12kplus model

1984 As soon as the New Year bell rang, Apple began to shock the world and officially announced the birth of Macintosh models.

The name "Apple" was invented by Jobs in an afternoon. According to what Old Joe said to his entrepreneurs, "If you can't think of a better name before dark, just call it Apple, at least you can get higher in the ranking." The English word "Macintosh" also means a kind of fruit, and this lingering fruit complex means the humanization, uniqueness and innovation of Apple. Mac represents a new era for Apple.

On the eve of the release of Macintosh computer, Jobs was very creative and made this groundbreaking commercial TV movie: a beautiful girl in red ran into an airtight iron house and threw a hammer symbolizing Apple computer. The hammer passed through the brainwashed numb crowd, completely shattered the traditional consciousness and concept, and opened a whole new world. Since then, friendly nicknames such as "Mac" and "Mike" have traveled all over the world in an instant with the six-color Apple logo.

Mac Plus plus Apple's external 20MB hard disk was a very popular configuration at that time.

Central processing unit: Motorola MC68000

Central processing unit speed: 8 Mhz

Co-processor: No.

Bus speed: 8 Mhz

Data path: 16 bits

Read only memory: 64 kb

Main board memory: 128kb, 5 12 kb.

Maximum memory: 128kb, or 5 12 kb, or 4MB (plus).

Monitor: 9-inch built-in monitor

Display resolution: 1 bit 5 12x384

Floppy disk drive: 3.5 inch 400 kb or 3.5 inch 800 kb (plus)

Serial port: 2

SCSI: DB-25(plus)

Sound interface: mono 8-bit

Power: 60 watts

Weight: 16.5 lbs.

Volume: 13.6 inches high x 9.6 inches wide x 10.9 inches deep

Operating system: 6.0.8. Or 7.5.5 (above)

Time to market: 1984 1 month

Termination time: 1990 10 month.

Six-color apples that have been shining for many years.

In order to distinguish it from later Macintosh models, we used to call this first model Plus. It has a very compact body with a CPU speed of 8Mhz and a maximum memory of 4MB. In order to meet the increasing demand of users for disk storage, in the later stage, its standard configuration is to add an Apple 20MB hard disk. In this way, you can do all kinds of business work on Plus very freely. On the hardware interface, in addition to the two common serial ports, SCSI, the standard interface of minicomputer, is used for the first time, which increases the types of connecting external devices and greatly improves the working speed of storage and printing.

Plus motherboard

The price of the first Macintosh model was $2,495 when it was released, while the price of Mac Plus was $2,595 when it was released in 1986. Compared with the price of Apple Laser Printer at that time of $6,795, we can feel that the price of this computer is not expensive.

Plus has a perfect operating system: Mac system 6.0. It has a good graphic environment. On this basis, there are many kinds of software (probably thousands). For example, HyperCard (a famous card database software, which used hyperlinks for the first time), Excel (a spreadsheet software developed by Microsoft on Mac before Office), MacWriter (word processing), Macpaint (dot matrix graphics software) and MacDraw (vector graphics processing software). The famous typesetting software PageMaker also confidently entered the vast land of Macintosh in 1985.

Mac Plus can be traced back to 1987, when China Anto Company held a small exhibition in Beijing Zhihua Company for the first time. At the exhibition, people in China saw the Macintosh model called "The Big Apple" for the first time. The following year, Beijing Huayuan Technology Company imported Apple computers such as Plus in batches for the first time, and hundreds of Mac Plus landed in China bathed in salty sea breeze.

In order to rapidly promote the application of Macintosh in the domestic office field, Huayuan Company has integrated a set of "Little Sparrow Office System", which consists of Plus host+Apple external 20MB hard disk+Apple laser printer and related office software. This system, which seems naive now, had very advanced performance and extensive influence at that time. This also gives Apple a place in China.

However, the sale of Apple computers in China at that time was not a success. In addition to many factors such as marketing strategy, small scale seems to be an obstacle. In the United States, Plus is designed for family and business activities, and its small size is its advantage, which makes it occupy only a small position on people's desks. But this advantage is not suitable for the characteristics of China. In our opinion, the size of a computer is directly proportional to its value, and the value of a computer is also directly proportional to the value of an individual. Under the guidance of this formula, many users pay more attention to other brands.

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Macintosh SE SE/30

The SE model is Apple's first computer with a built-in hard disk. The maximum hard disk of SE/30 can reach 80MB. The maximum memory can reach 32MB. The SE/30 model uses Motorola's 68030 processor, which doubles the computer speed to 16Mhz. It is also the first 32-bit model, using a floating-point arithmetic processor. This speed was the best among the commercial models at that time.

Macintosh SE

Central processing unit: Motorola MC68000

Central processing unit speed: 8 Mhz

Bus speed: 8 Mhz

Data path: 16 bits

Read only memory: 256 kb

Memory type: 30-pin SIMM

Memory speed:150ns

Maximum memory: 4 MB

Monitor: 9-inch built-in monitor

Display resolution: 1 bit 5 12x384

Floppy disk drive: 1 or 2 800k 3.25 inches.

Hard disk: 40 MB

ADB: 2

Serial port: 2

SCSI: DB-25

Sound: mono

Power:100W

Weight: 17 lbs.

Volume: 13.6 inches high x 9.69 inches wide x 10.9 inches deep

Operating system: 6.0.3 to 7.5.5.

Time to market:1March, 987

Termination time:1August, 989

Macintosh SE/30

Central processing unit: Motorola MC68030

CPU speed: 16 Mhz

Co-processor: 68882

Bus speed: 16 Mhz

Data path: 32 bits

Read only memory: 256 kb

Memory type: 30-pin SIMM

Memory speed: 120 ns

Maximum memory: 32 MB

Level 1 cache: 0.5 kb

Monitor: 9-inch built-in monitor

Display resolution: 1 bit 5 12x384

Floppy drive: 1.4 MB super hard disk

Hard disk: 40-80 MB

ADB: 2

Serial port: 2

SCSI: DB-25

Sound: mono

Power: 75 watts

Weight: 19.5 lbs.

Volume: 13.6 inches high x 9.6 inches wide x 10.9 inches deep

Operating system: 6.0.3 to 7.5.5.

Time to market: 1989 1 month

Termination time: 1990 10 month.

Internal structure of selenium

Back interface

What is interesting is the change of floppy drive. In the past, Apple has always adhered to its own unique standards for personal computers. Its floppy drive specifications are 400KB and 800KB. At this time, some subtle changes have taken place.

Between SE and SE/30, there was once an excessive model: SE FDHD. The only difference between this model and SE is the name of floppy drive: SuperDrive. The beauty of this floppy disk drive is that it can accept four floppy disk formats: 400KB, 720KB, 800KB and 1.44MB. This change means that Apple computers can read data in PC format from floppy disks.

Although it has not changed much, it has a strong symbolic significance. In fact, at that time, Apple's computer sales were in full swing, and Apple did not need to please the PC. Jobs' mentality may be more of a "takenism".

Compact internal structure

SE costs $2,898. The price of SE/30 is $4,369.

SE models entered China almost at the same time as Plus. And in 1989, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Apple's agent in South China at that time, signed the biggest order of Apple Computer in China: the establishment of the railway system database system. There are about thousands. The main model is SE.

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Macintosh II

This is the first professional computer with separate host and monitor on Macintosh, which is specially used for prepress and image processing. Mac II is fast and scalable. Use 68020 CPU and 6888 1 floating-point arithmetic processor. Provides 32-bit data processing. There are 8 memory slots, which support the maximum memory capacity of 68MB. At the same time, it also has six NuBus bus slots, which can be used to install various data boards, such as graphics cards and graphics cards.

Central processing unit: Motorola MC68020

CPU speed: 16 Mhz

Co-processor: 6888 1

Bus speed: 16 Mhz

Data path: 32 bits

Read only memory: 256 kb

Memory type: 30-pin SIMM

Memory speed: 130 ns

Memory slots: 8

Maximum memory: 20 MB (68 MB through FDHD upgrade kit)

Level 1 cache: 0.25 kb

Audio output: multi-channel

Bus slot: 6 buses

Floppy disk drive: 1 or 2 800k 3.25 inches (upgradeable to SuperDrive)

Hard disk: 40-80 MB

ADB: 2

Serial port: 2

SCSI: DB-25

Sound output: 8-bit stereo

Power: 230 W

Weight: 24 pounds.

Volume: 5.5 inches high x 18.7 inches wide x 14.4 inches deep.

Maximum version of available operating system: 7.5.5.

Time to market:1March, 987

Termination time: 1990 1 month.

Mac II adopts apple 13 inch or 20 inch display, which can display16 million colors. And can support dual-screen and large-screen projection display.

The Mac II is priced at $5.489.

The birth of Mac II marks the maturity of prepress field. With the help of related image processing and publishing software, it quickly occupied 85% market share of publishing industry. And frequently won awards in various computer competitions. It was the golden age of Apple. To this day, people are still telling the past.

With the advent of Mac II, a variety of application software came into being, especially many image processing software, which stood out in the field of microcomputer.

After Mac II entered China, its main application fields were image processing and typesetting. Old friends still remember the first time I saw Photoshop turn a pretty girl into an old witch on Mac II. I was speechless for a long time. The graphic database made by many domestic units using the powerful function of Mac II represented the first-class level in China at that time. From 65438 to 0989, the Asian Games Organizing Committee produced a set of cartoons of the Asian Games mascot panda by using Mac II and Director software, which was permanently collected by Apple Link Computer Library.

In order to meet the needs of Chinese typesetting, Antoine Company published the first set of Antoine font library based on Mac in 1989, which contains about 20 simplified and traditional Postscript fonts.

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Macintosh IIX

Time flies. It's 1988. This year, Apple only introduced a Macintosh computer. In terms of performance and variety, it is really lacking. Maybe it's because Apple is standing on the top of the personal computer, and no one is looking around. Compaq's desktop computer just started, and the giant IBM suffered a fiasco in the microchannel. Apple is not in a hurry to develop new computers when it is proud. I have been thinking about its new laser printer.

Central processing unit: Motorola MC68030

CPU speed: 16 Mhz

Co-processor: 68882

Bus speed: 16 Mhz

Data path: 32 bits

Read only memory: 256 kb

Memory type: 30-pin SIMM

Memory speed: 120 ns

Memory slots: 8

Maximum memory: 128 MB.

Level 1 cache: 0.5 kb

Sculley, the second CEO of Apple (1983- 1993)

Handsome Jobs of the Year

Mac IIX looks exactly like Mac II. But some changes have taken place in the internal structure. The latest 68030 chip and 68882 floating-point arithmetic processor are adopted. The maximum memory capacity has been increased to 128MB. Thereby improving the overall performance. In the final analysis, it is because of the needs of the market, because the publishing and image fields really need high speed and large capacity.

Mac IIX is priced at $7.769. It was sold for about a year, but it ended without results.

This model has not been officially sold in China market.

Audio output: multi-channel

Bus slot: 6 buses

Floppy disk drive: 1 or 2 1.4 MB super drive.

Hard disk: 40-80 megabytes

ADB: 2

Serial port: 2

SCSI: DB-25

Sound output: 8-bit stereo

Power: 230 W

Weight: 24 pounds.

Volume: 5.5 inches high x 18.7 inches wide x 14.4 inches deep.

Available operating system versions: 6.0. 1 to 7.5.5.

Time to market:1September, 988

End time: 1990

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Ps: network excerpt, don't spray if you don't like it.