Buddha's practice before becoming a monk is called "Bunsen Story". In the mural on the north wall of Cave 254 (Northern Wei Dynasty) in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the story of Wang Pi, the corpse driver, "cutting the meat to save the pigeon" was described in the form of painting, and only two plots of cutting the meat and weighing were drawn, which is one of the earliest serial story paintings in Mogao Grottoes.
As early as when the predecessor of Sakyamuni Buddha was the corpse king, he was merciful and kind, practicing Bodhisattva extensively, and only seeking to become a Buddha. In order to test the mercy and heart of the corpse king Pi, Di Shi and Pi Shoujie agreed to turn into eagles and pigeons and perform the story of chasing and fleeing. Pigeons hide in the king's arms, and eagles fly behind; The king showed his determination to save all sentient beings, and the eagle complained, "You crossed all sentient beings, am I not among them?" Why did you take my food without mercy? The king said, "I swore that if all creatures came to join us, they would be protected." "What food do you need? As long as you say it, I will be full of your wishes. " The eagle was rude and asked the king to "kill hot meat newly". "It's hard. How can you get it if you don't kill? " Think about my body. After I die of old age and illness, I will rot and stink in an instant. Since the eagle wants it, give it! "So the king asked someone to bring a knife and cut off the meat from his thigh for the eagle to eat. Unexpectedly, the eagle asked, "I want your meat to be as heavy as the pigeon's, so don't lie to me." "The king also ordered the left and right sides to bring a balance, stop the pigeon at one end and put the meat cut by the king at the other end. Strangely, the weight of pigeons increased sharply at this time, and the meat of the king became lighter. The whole body meat is almost cut, and it is still the weight of the little pigeon.
In order to be as heavy as a dove, the king and bodhisattva decided to give up their whole bodies, so they struggled to climb the weight. Bloody, trembling, even the eagle can't bear to watch. "Big king, why are you? Just give me back the pigeon. " The king insisted on his sad wish and climbed onto the scale with his hands. Unexpectedly, when he tried hard, his muscles broke and he lost control and fell to the ground, but he picked up the weight again. He was firm in heart and never repented. He felt that the earth shook, the dead tree gave birth to China, the sky rained incense, and the goddess sang this bodhisattva to become a Buddha. The king made a vow, "I cut my flesh and blood, without anger or annoyance, without bothering to ask for Buddha, and my body was immediately calm." In an instant, the body recovered as before. When people see it, they are both sad and happy. Sakyamuni Buddha succeeded in giving paramita. It turns out that the dove was changed by Indra and the eagle was changed by Vishnu. They used this method to test the determination and sincerity of the corpse king to Buddha and Purdue sentient beings.
Legend of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes: Prince Sajana gave his life to feed the tiger.
The Buddha once showed his disciples the deeds of practicing bodhisattva for many years. In the reverence and piety of all people, the Buddha touched the ground with his hand, showing signs of six vibrations, and a seven-treasure stupa gushed out from the ground. Disciple Ananda opened the tower door and found a seventeen-treasure letter containing countless white relics. When the Buddha saw this, he immediately praised: "The Bodhisattva has outstanding merits and diligent practice of six ways. Therefore, I am brave in Kuboth, and I am tireless in my heart. " Buddha taught monks to bow to this relic! Because the relic was created by supreme wisdom, the story of "Prince Sachan gave his life to feed the tiger" was published, revealing the process of his predecessor's practice of bodhisattva and even becoming a Buddha, and this story was presented to people in the form of a primitive story painting on the south wall of Cave 254 (Northern Wei Dynasty) in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.
A long time ago, there was a king named Carter. He has three princes. The little prince's name is Mahasaka. One day, three princes visited the Shan Ye Valley and came to a bamboo forest. Seeing a tiger mother giving birth to seven children, it seems that she has not eaten for many days and is dying. The eldest prince said, "There are seven cubs, and the tigress has no time to feed them. Finally, she was hungry. She must have eaten the cubs. " The second prince echoed, "Poor guy! These tigers are doomed to be unable to survive. What can I do to help them? "
The little prince Mahasa didn't say a word, deeply impressed. My body has been robbed of life and death, and I have never really benefited. Why can't I give up today to save the tiger? The great use of this body lies in being able to do great things and do good in the cycle of life and death. If you leave these, this body is just an empty shell. I should give up my attachment to my body, in order to achieve ultimate nirvana, to get rid of sadness and uncertainty, to achieve wisdom, and to give all living beings unlimited Buddhism. The little prince was born with commendable courage, and grief strengthened his belief. But I was worried about my two brothers, so I let them go back to the palace first.
So Prince Mahasaka came to the tiger's den, took off his clothes, hung them on bamboo branches, and then lay down in front of the tiger, but the tiger was too hungry to eat him. Seeing this, the kind prince stabbed his neck with dried bamboo branches and gave his life to feed the tiger. At one time, I felt the six major vibrations of the earth, such as the wind stirring the water, the surging of the heart, the darkening of the sky, the sun and the moon, and the rain falling all over the bamboo forest. All heaven and man in the void are praised. At this time, the hungry tiger licked all the blood and meat, leaving only bones.
The king and queen were in the palace, and suddenly their dreams were ominous. At this time, I was shocked to hear the maid-in-waiting report that the little prince had gone for a long time. The king sent someone to look around, and finally he had to report the death of the prince. The king and queen were heartbroken, and when they came to the place where the prince gave his life, they saw the bones littering, and their mother was heartbroken, like fish on the ground. What a pity it would be if the cow lost its calf. The king ordered the left and right sides to clean up Prince Sachan's body and build a pagoda to support him. The sacred place where the bodhisattva gave his life to feed the tiger is in Nepal, and Buddhists still offer it during the pilgrimage. This is also the theme of many Buddhist grottoes murals.
Legend of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes: 500 robbers become Buddhas.
The murals on the south wall of Cave 285 (Western Wei Dynasty) in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes show 500 scenes of "bandits" becoming Buddhas. Once upon a time, there was an overseas Chinese kingdom of Salo. There are 500 robbers in the country. They camp in the mountains, rob roads and houses, kill people and set fires, and do all kinds of evil. Businessmen, tourists and local people suffer greatly. The local officials fought many times, but they didn't win. I had to report to the king that the king sent one good soldier after another to suppress it. After fierce fighting, all 500 robbers were defeated and became prisoners.
The king decided to torture 500 robbers who were hated by people. On this day, the execution ground was heavily guarded and combative. The soldiers gouged out the eyes of all the naked, disheveled and bound robbers with sharp knives, and some even cut off their noses and ears, and then exiled them to the deserted mountains. This valley is full of lush forests, howling wolves and roaring tigers, which are horrible and have no food and clothing. The robbers were heartbroken and wailed in despair.
Sad cries spread all over the fields and reached the ears of Sakyamuni Buddha. Knowing that this was 500 robbers struggling for help on the line of life and death, they sent sweet yam with divine power and blew it into the eyes of 500 robbers. Suddenly, all eyes saw the light again. Sakyamuni personally went to the valley and gave a speech to 500 robbers. He said, "You did all kinds of evil things before that, which caused today's suffering. As long as you turn over a new leaf, abandon evil and be good, and convert to Buddhism, you can atone for your sins, make a positive result, get rid of your misery and enter the paradise. " After listening to the teachings of the Buddha, the robbers bowed their heads and repented, saying that they respected their teachers and became Buddhist disciples. From then on, the forest in the valley was called "striking forest". Many years later, the 500 robbers of that year finally made a positive result and became 500 arhats.
The legend of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes: Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions.
Zhang Qian was from the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In BC 139, he was ordered to send people to the western regions to find and contact the Yue family who had been driven away by the Huns and jointly attack the Huns.
Zhang Qian and his party set out from Chang 'an and went west via Longxi. Along the way, the sun and rain, snow and snow hit, and the environment was sinister and difficult. But he was confident, regardless of difficulties and obstacles, and ventured westward. When they came to the Hexi Corridor, they were discovered by tarquin in the occupied area. Zhang Sai and his entourage were all captured.
Xiongnu Khan knew the purpose of Zhang Qian's Western Expedition, so he wouldn't let it go easily. Scattered out to put sheep and horses, strictly controlled by Huns. Back in Zhang Qian, I married a Hun woman, one to spy on him, and the other to induce him to surrender. However, Zhang Qian is unyielding. Although he has been under house arrest and grazing, he has been waiting for the opportunity to escape to complete his mission.
After eleven spring and autumn periods, the supervision of Xiongnu was relaxed. Zhang Qian took the opportunity to escape with his personal entourage, Gan Fu, and left the Xiongnu territory to continue westward. Because they fled in a hurry and didn't prepare dry food and drinking water, they were often hungry and thirsty along the way and would fall on the desert beach at any time. Fortunately, Ganfu's arrow method is good. He often hunted some birds and animals along the way, drank blood to quench his thirst and ate meat to satisfy his hunger, only then did he escape the threat of death.
In this way, I ran around for many days, and finally crossed the desert Gobi, crossed the snow-covered green ridge (now Pamir Plateau), and came to Dawan country (now Fergana). King Dawan with a high nose and blue eyes had long heard that the Han Dynasty was a rich country and wanted to establish contact with it. However, due to the long distance and inconvenient transportation, it has not been possible. So I was overjoyed to hear that the emissary of the Han Dynasty came, and received Zhang Qian warmly in Beijing. He invited Zhang Qian to visit the Blood Horse in Dawan. With the help of King Dawan, Zhang Qian went to Kangju (now Samarkand), Da Yue and Daxia successively. However, the Yue family lived happily in the upper reaches of the Amu Darya River and did not want to go east to fight the Huns. Zhang Qian failed to complete the mission of forming an alliance with Dayue people to attack Xiongnu, but he gained a lot of knowledge of human geography in western countries.
Zhang Qian was captured by Huns again on his way back to the East, and then tried to escape. Finally, he went through all kinds of hardships and returned to Chang 'an after 13. This trip to the Western Regions made people living in the hinterland of the Central Plains understand the reality of the Western Regions, inspired the ambition of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to "expand the territory" and launched a series of wars against the Huns.
In BC 1 19, in order to further contact with Wusun, the Han Dynasty broke off the "Xiongnu's right-hand man" and sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions again. This time, Zhang Qian took more than 300 people and arrived in Wusun smoothly. He also sent envoys to visit Kangju, Dawan, Da Yue, Daxia, Rest in Peace (now Iran), Body Poison (now India) and other countries. However, due to the civil strife in Wusun, the purpose of the alliance was not achieved. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing to attack the Xiongnu with heavy troops, wiped out the Xiongnu occupying Hexi Corridor and Mobei, established four counties and two customs in Hexi, and opened the Silk Road. And won the Xiongnu's "Golden Sacrifice" and brought it back to Chang 'an. Zhang Qian braved difficulties and obstacles, sent two missions to the western regions, communicated the traffic arteries in the interior of Asia, officially started friendly exchanges with western European countries, promoted extensive economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West, and opened up the Silk Road, making him the first person in China to go to the world.
Click the next page to learn more about the value of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.
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The Value of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes
Buddhist values
Dunhuang Buddhist culture is extensive and profound. Among the Buddhist statues in Dunhuang Grottoes, the appearance and posture of the bodhisattva are the most beautiful, rich and moving. The statue of Bodhisattva shows the charm of oriental female beauty. Her statue is called "Venus of the East" and her portrait is called "Virgin of the East" by the world.
In Dunhuang Grottoes, almost all caves have quotations and paintings. All kinds of bodhisattvas are painted in these quotations and paintings, some caves are painted with small bodhisattvas on all sides, and there are many single portraits of bodhisattvas. There are thousands of sayings and paintings in Dunhuang Grottoes, and there are tens of thousands of bodhisattvas in the paintings, making it the largest Buddhist grottoes in the world.
artistic value
Dunhuang art is a masterpiece of painters of all ages. There is nothing exactly the same in the mural. Even works of art depicting the same changing content, painters have created completely different works according to their creativity and imagination.
Social value
Dunhuang art also fully embodies the social value. First of all, murals mainly depict characters. Therefore, there are a large number of figures on clothing and textiles, not only with different historical styles, but also with many clothing patterns of ethnic minorities and foreign countries. This fully reflects the glory of Dunhuang, an important town on the ancient Silk Road, and has unique research value for us to study ancient costumes now. In Dunhuang murals, it also shows all aspects of society in past dynasties. Such as: traffic and commerce on the ancient Silk Road; Precious military and sports pictures and historical materials; It is also a portrayal of China's ancient life; China ancient history of science and technology records and so on. In addition, Dunhuang can be said to be a museum of folk history. /kloc-The overview of ancient folk customs in China during the period of 0/000 is vividly displayed on murals, including not only things that can't be seen now, but also folk customs that have been passed down to this day. Because paper and silk paintings are not easy to preserve, folk original paintings before the Song Dynasty are unique, and Dunhuang murals are precious records.
The scale of grottoes
In the first year of Tang Dynasty (AD 698), which was discovered in Cave 323 of Mogao Grottoes, Li Kerang wrote Rebuilding the Monument of Mogao Grottoes, describing the history and reasons of the grottoes.
According to legend, in the second year of Qin Jianyuan (A.D. 366), two monks, Le Zun and Fa Liang, passed by Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang, and suddenly they saw that the top of the mountain was glittering like a thousand buddhas. They immediately went out to raise money and built the first grotto on the spot as a souvenir.
Quantity:
Since then, people have dug caves in Dunhuang for more than a thousand years. According to some ancient books, the number of caves has reached more than 1000. So far, there are at least Mogao Grottoes, West Thousand Buddha Cave Grottoes, East Thousand Buddha Cave Grottoes, Yulin Grottoes and Wuchang Temple Grottoes in Dunhuang area. There are more than 700 existing Mogao Grottoes alone, and the number will increase with the excavation of archaeological work in the future; Among these caves, only those with murals or statues are numbered, and so far there are 492 caves.
In the existing 492 caves, more than 45,000 square meters of murals from the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Uighur, Xixia, Yuan, Qing and Republic of China have been preserved. If these murals are arranged horizontally by one square meter, the length can reach 45 kilometers, which is a vast, exquisite and unparalleled history. Among the 492 caves in the Mogao Grottoes, 3,390 colored sculptures of past dynasties are still preserved, including 2,088 round sculptures and 65,438 shadow sculptures. And more than 0 wooden buildings 10 in Tang, Song, Qing and Republic of China. In addition, in 1900, the Buddhist scriptures cave was discovered in the Mogao grottoes, and more than 50,000 pieces of Buddhist classics, economic documents, literature, science and technology, historical and geographical materials, silk paintings, paper paintings, weaving and dyeing embroidery and other cultural relics from the 4th to 10 century were preserved.
The largest Dunhuang Grottoes: No.61Cave of Mogao Grottoes, with a horizontal area of13m.
The highest Dunhuang Grottoes: The 96th Cave of Mogao Grottoes is 9 stories high. The Maitreya Buddha statue inside is 33 meters high, and the nine-story building outside has become the largest building in the Mogao Grottoes, which is also the symbol of the Mogao Grottoes.
The smallest Dunhuang grottoes: Cave 37 of Mogao Grottoes is too small for people to enter.
The total painting area of Dunhuang Grottoes is 45,000 square meters only in Mogao Grottoes. If compared with a painting with a vertical height of 1 m, the horizontal length is 45 kilometers. This scale makes Dunhuang Grottoes the longest and largest gallery in the world.
Edited in May 2020-65438+June.
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572020-06-22
Dunhuang Mogao grottoes legend 40 words?
Legend of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes: According to the inscription of Mogao Grottoes, in 366 AD, a monk named Le Zun swam to the east foot of Mingsha Mountain. At this time, the sun is setting, and the sun is shining on the opposite Sanwei Mountain. He looked up and saw the golden light on the top of the mountain, as if there were thousands of buddhas flashing in the golden light, and as if there were incense gods dancing in the golden light. The music statue who was bent on practicing was moved by this wonderful sight of Buddha light and shadow. So Le Zun bowed his head and made up his mind to worship Buddha and practice here, so he invited craftsmen to dig the first hole on the cliff. Since then, Buddhist disciples, archduke nobles, merchants and people, good men and women have come here to donate money to open a hole. From the 4th century to14th century 1000 years of history, there was an endless stream of worshippers and incense.
59 Browse 1652020-05-3 1
The legend of Dunhuang Mogao grottoes
Hello, more than 1,600 years ago, there were three monks and disciples who wanted to go to the Western Heaven to find a paradise. They went to Dunhuang that night. Before camping, the master invited two disciples to go out for alms. Two people, one east and one west, go their separate ways. The monk in the west is called Lezun. When he came to a place, he saw the beautiful scenery-on Langlang, there was a winding stream flowing, and to the north of the stream was the endless Gobi, covered with yellow sand, barren and desolate; The southwest is an endless low mountain range. At the foot of the mountain, poplars are in the forest, green grass is everywhere, birds are contending and full of vitality. Facing the beautiful scenery, Le Zun sighed and forgot to return. After a long time, he felt a little tired and sat down to take a nap. Suddenly, a flash of golden light made Le Zun's drowsiness disappear completely. When I stood up and opened my eyes wide, I saw more than one golden light coming from the mountains southwest of Xi 'an. That is red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple, which are emitted from the top of the mountain and shot into the sky, one after another, making the sky colorful, the clouds colorful, the desert red and Lezun flushed. Lezun is very savvy and has a deep practice. When he saw this scene, he suddenly realized that the quiet monk could not help but have blood. He rushed to his master and shouted, "There you are! Found it! " . With a knowing smile on his face, the master calmly and solemnly said to Le Zun, "Then you can stay." . So, it didn't take long for the first cave to be born on the hillside of Mianxi in Luminous Mountain. Soon there will be a second and a third ... Le Zun devoted himself to building caves, making gods and worshipping Buddha, and integrated his talents, interests, sustenance and expectations into the mountains and caves in this desert. Since then, the adventures of Lecun have been widely spread, and the Buddhist caves in Lecun have attracted great attention from countless businessmen, monks and civil servants, who have come to observe and worship, and many of them have also contributed money to make it more grand and the gas field has gathered. After the music bottle, the wind of building holes is enduring. Wave after wave, better every time. At the peak, there were more than 1000 caves. It has been 1600 years now. During this period, despite the hardships of time and war, there are still 492 complete caves, including more than 45,000 square meters of historical murals, more than 2,400 colorful sculptures and five wooden structures in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It is the largest and most complete collection of Buddhist art, architecture, painted sculptures and murals in the world. Although the glory peak of Mogao Grottoes is not in the era of Yue Zen, it is recognized by all the latecomers that Yue Zen has the highest moral practice, and later generations are above him. In order to show respect for Le Zun, it was named "Mogao Grottoes". This is one of the interesting legends of Mogao Grottoes.
Browse1432 22017-11-24.
The legend about the Mogao Grottoes?
Legend has it that one day in 336 AD, a monk named Le Zun came here and lived here for four weeks. It was dusk, but I saw the three dangerous peaks opposite the Modao Grottoes glittering with gold, as if all buddhas were dancing together. He knelt down and made a big wish. From now on, he will be widely buried, and a statue will be built here to make it a real holy place. At the entrance of the Mogao grottoes filled with yellow sand, there are precious Buddhist classics buried. Anyone who gets these classics may ascend to heaven and surpass the six divisions in the wheel of karma. Although this legend is not true or false, it has attracted the covet of evil spirits. Red snake scorpion: It is said that it is a completely unintentional creature. It swims around the desert every day just to find more water. Human blood is its favorite. Descendants of Lei people: He has the opportunity to inherit the work of his ancestors and become a god in heaven. But the crazy pursuit of power made him finally degenerate. So people saw him in the Mogao Grottoes and kept looking for him, hoping to return to heaven with magical classics. Black Snake and Scorpion: It seems that they are relatives of Red Snake and Scorpion, but unlike Red Snake and Scorpion, they begin to become wise after drinking a lot of human blood, and of course they are more ruthless. Ghost-faced bat tiger: It has a ghostly face and endless power between its arms, which can easily tear people's bodies apart. They are not here for the treasure, but they have the same taste for the treasure hunter's body and food. Sand thief: This is a group of treasure hunters from foreign countries, but they don't have any news about the treasure and don't want to trust any partners. They just look for it alone. Their jealousy made them hate anyone who might get ahead of them.
4 browse 7 12020-06-08
The Historical Story of Mogao Grottoes
Mogao Grottoes, also known as "Thousand Buddha Cave", is located 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, on the west bank of Daquangou River bed and on the cliff at the east foot of Mingsha Mountain. It is one of the three greatest grottoes in China. In the second year of Fujian Jianyuan (AD 366), Samoan musicians came here. Seeing the golden light and thousands of Buddhas on Mingsha Mountain, I had the heart to dig. After continuous construction, it has become a Buddhist holy land. China Grottoes originated from India. The traditional grottoes in India are mainly carved with stones, while the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang are not suitable for carving because of rocks. Therefore, the statues are mainly clay murals. Generally, the whole cave used to be round, and then it gradually faded into high plastic, shadow plastic and wall plastic. Finally, with the mural as the background, the two arts of plastic and painting were combined. Mogao Grottoes is the largest existing "world art treasure house". 19871February was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. The artistic features of the Mogao Grottoes are manifested in the organic combination of architecture, statues and murals. Cave-shaped organizational system is divided into Zen Cave, Palace Cave, Tower Temple Cave, Dome Cave and Shadow Cave. Color plastic is divided into round plastic, floating plastic, shadow plastic, good plastic and so on. Murals are divided into statue paintings, historical paintings, story paintings, Buddhist historical paintings, architectural paintings, landscape paintings, animal paintings, decorative paintings and other different contents. This system reflects all aspects of cultural exchanges between the East and the West in more than ten dynasties, such as Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, and has become a rare cultural treasure of mankind. Since 1900, more than 50,000 volumes of religious and secular documents in Buddhist scriptures were discovered in the Mogao grottoes, Dunhuang art has shocked the whole world, and "Dunhuang studies" has become a world-renowned school. Unfortunately, the Taoist king who presided over the Mogao Grottoes at that time was ignorant. Almost all these treasures were stolen abroad. Now at the foot of Sanwei Mountain opposite the Mogao Grottoes, it was donated by Japan. Dunhuang Art Exhibition Center was built by Dunhuang Research Institute, and some original large grottoes were copied, which made the visitors of Mogao Grottoes more colorful. During the Northern Dynasties, the main statue in the cave was generally Sakyamuni or Maitreya Buddha, and there were mostly two dangerous bodhisattvas or one Buddha and two disciples on both sides of the main statue. The back of the statue is mostly connected with murals. The top and walls of the cave are covered with murals. The upper part and the upper part are mostly Tiangong geisha music. The lower part is a witch or decorative pattern. In addition to thousands of Buddhas, the murals in Central China mainly draw stories of Buddhism, origin and karma. Among them, Bunsen's stories include cutting meat for pigeons, giving his life to feed tigers, and giving his life to save people by nine-color deer. Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of Mogao Grottoes. In the Sui Dynasty, the style of Baidongtian was changed from the central tower in the Northern Dynasty to the central Buddhist altar, and the group was the same as before. A combination of one Buddha, two disciples, two heavenly kings or two strong men appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The statue has also returned from the early "skinny and slim" shape to the "rich and strong" appearance. Murals in grottoes are mainly large-scale paintings and simple change paintings. The largest statues in the Mogao Grottoes were made in the Tang Dynasty, and the giant Buddha in Cave 96 is the largest statue in the Mogao Grottoes. The murals in the Tang Dynasty are varied and varied, and the scale is extremely grand, showing a magnificent picture of the kingdom of heaven. Grottoes lost their vitality in the Five Dynasties and began to decline in the Song Dynasty. The art of Mogao Grottoes is a comprehensive art integrating architecture, painted sculptures and murals. It is the largest and most complete treasure house of Buddhist art in China and even in the world. Extended data:
The legendary story of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes: Buddha's practice before becoming a monk is called "Bunsen Story". In the mural on the north wall of Cave 254 (Northern Wei Dynasty) in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the story of Wang Pi's "cutting the meat to save the pigeon" was described in the form of painting, and only two plots of cutting the meat and weighing were drawn. It is one of the earliest comic books in Mogao Grottoes. As early as when the predecessor of Sakyamuni Buddha was the corpse king, he was merciful and kind, practicing Bodhisattva extensively, and only seeking to become a Buddha. In order to test Wang Pi's compassion and heart, Di Shi and Pi Shou made the agreement into an eagle and a dove. A performance of hunting for a living. Pigeons hide in the king's arms, and eagles fly behind; The king showed his determination to save all sentient beings, and the eagle complained, "You crossed all sentient beings, am I not among them?" Why did you take my food without mercy? The king said, "I swore that if all creatures came to join us, they would be protected." "What food do you need? As long as you say it, I will be full of your wishes. " The eagle was rude and asked the king to "kill hot meat newly". "It's hard. How can you get it if you don't kill? " Think about my body. After I die of old age and illness, I will rot and stink in an instant. Since the eagle wants it, give it! "So the king asked someone to bring a knife and cut off the meat from his thigh for the eagle to eat. Unexpectedly, the eagle asked, "I want your meat to be as heavy as a pigeon." "Don't hide your weight from me." The king also ordered the left and right sides to take the weights, let the pigeons stop at one end and put the meat cut by the king at the other end. Strangely, the weight of pigeons increased sharply at this time, and the meat of the king became lighter. The whole body meat is almost cut, and it is still the weight of the little pigeon. In order to be as heavy as a dove, the king and bodhisattva decided to give up their whole bodies, so they struggled to climb the weight. Bloody, trembling, even the eagle can't bear to watch. "Big king, why are you? Just give me back the pigeon. " The king insisted on his sad wish and climbed onto the scale with his hands. Unexpectedly, when he tried hard, his muscles broke and he lost control and fell to the ground, but he picked up the weight again. He was firm in heart and never repented. He felt that the earth shook, the dead tree gave birth to China, the sky rained incense, and the goddess sang this bodhisattva to become a Buddha. The king made a vow, "I cut my flesh and blood, without anger or annoyance, without bothering to ask for Buddha, and my body was immediately calm." In an instant, the body recovered as before. When people see it, they are both sad and happy. Sakyamuni Buddha succeeded in giving paramita. It turns out that the dove was changed by Indra and the eagle was changed by Vishnu. They used this method to test the determination and sincerity of the corpse king to Buddha and Purdue sentient beings. Baidu encyclopedia-Mogao grottoes
139 Browse 600920 19- 10-29
The origin of Mogao grottoes
Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Thousand Buddha Cave, is located in Dunhuang at the western end of Hexi Corridor. Founded in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Countries, after the Sixteen Countries, Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, it has formed a huge scale, with 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals and 24 15 clay sculptures. It is the largest and richest Buddhist art site in the world. 196 1 year, the Mogao grottoes were announced by the people of China and the State Council as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1987, Mogao grottoes was listed as a world cultural heritage. The Mogao Grottoes were built during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. According to the book "Li Kerang Rebuilds the Monument of Mogao Grottoes" in Tang Dynasty, in 366 AD, two years before the founding of the Qin Dynasty, some monks were happy to pass by this mountain and suddenly saw the golden light shining like Buddha, so they dug the first cave on the rock wall. Since then, Zen master Fa Liang and others have continued to build caves here to practice, which are called "desert grottoes", meaning "high places in the desert". Later generations renamed it "Mogao Grottoes" because of the common "desert" and "Mo". There is another saying: Buddhists say that it is impossible and impossible to build a Buddha cave because of its infinite merits. Mogao Grottoes means that there is no higher cultivation than building Buddha Grottoes. During the Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties, the rulers believed in Buddhism, and the construction of grottoes was supported by princes and nobles, which developed rapidly. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the prosperity of the Silk Road, the Mogao Grottoes flourished, and there were more than a thousand caves in Wu Zetian. After the Anshi Rebellion, Dunhuang was occupied by Tubo and Guiyi Army successively, but the carving activities were not greatly affected. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xixia and Yuan Dynasty, the Mogao Grottoes gradually declined, and only the caves of the previous dynasties were rebuilt, with few new buildings. Extended data:
Mogao Grottoes Structure Mogao Grottoes are excavated on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, with Dangquan in front and Sanwei Mountain, a branch of Qilian Mountain in the east. The total length from north to south is1.680m, and there are 735 existing caves in the past dynasties, which are distributed on the cliffs with a height of1.5 ~ 30m, and the upper and lower floors are 1 ~ 4. It is divided into south and north areas, of which the south area is a place of Buddhist rituals, with 492 murals and painted sculptures of various dynasties, more than 2,400 painted sculptures, murals of more than 45,000 square meters, five wooden eaves in Tang and Song Dynasties, and nine floors rebuilt in the early Republic of China as a symbol of the Mogao Grottoes. There are more than 20 lotus column pagodas and more than 20,000 floor tiles. There are 243 caves in the North District (another 5 caves have been included in No.492 in the North District), which are places for monks to practice, live and bury. There are heatable adobe sleeping platform, stove pit, flue, niche, lampstand, etc., but most of them have no painted sculptures and murals. Every cave in the Mogao Grottoes is a comprehensive art of cave architecture, colored sculpture and painting. The largest cave is more than 200 square meters, and the smallest is less than 1 square meter. Grottoes mainly include Zen Grottoes, Central Pagoda Grottoes, Buddhist niches, Buddhist altar grottoes, Nirvana Grottoes, seven buddha Grottoes and Elephant Grottoes. The main contents of color plastic sculpture combined with plastic painting are Buddha, Bodhisattva, disciple, King of Heaven, Lux statue and so on. Color plastic forms include round plastic, floating plastic, shadow plastic and good mud. Except for the two giant buddhas in Caves 96 and 130 and the two reclining buddhas in Caves 148 and 158, the round sculptures and reliefs are all carved with wooden bones. The Buddha statue is located in the center, with disciples, bodhisattvas, heavenly kings and mighty men standing on both sides, ranging from 3 to 1 1. The statue of Maitreya Buddha in Cave 96 is 35.6 meters high, ranging from 10 cm.